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GB 18100-1 (2010) (English): Provisions for
the installation of lighting and
light-signalling devices for motorcycles,
Part 1: two-wheeled motorcycles
ICS 43.040.20
T38
National Standard
of the People's Republic of China
GB18100.1 - XXXX
Replaces GB 18100.2000 (motorcycle section)
Provisions for the installation of lighting and
light-signalling devices for motorcycles
Part 1: two-wheeled motorcycles
(Draft for approval)
Issue Date: 20XX – XX – XX Implementation Date: 200X – XX – XX
Issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China and the Standardisation
Administration of the People's Republic of China
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Foreword
All of the technical contents set out in this Standard are mandatory.
GB18100, “Provisions for the installation of lighting and light-signalling devices for motorcycles”
consists of three parts:
− Part 1: two-wheeled motorcycles;
− Part 2: two-wheeled mopeds;
− Part 3: three-wheeled motorcycles.
This is the first part of GB18100, which corresponds to Revision 1, Amendment 1, Amendment 2
and Amendment 3 of ECE R53 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE),
“Uniform provisions concerning the approval of category L3 vehicles with regard to the installation
of lighting and light-signalling”, the conformance degree between this standard and the ECE R53 is
non-equivalent, and the main technical differences are:
− terms and definitions have been deleted (refer to GB4785);
− there are circuit connection problems in the original standard, which in this Part have been
modified as follows: front position lamp, rear position lamp and rear-registration plate lamp
can only be switched on and off at the same time;
− with regard to non-uniformity description of the angle of the geometric visibility in the
original standard, has in this Part been uniformed as follows: transverse angle β, and vertical
angle α;
− the installation quantities for driving beam headlamps and dipped beam headlamps are
simplified to one or two lamps;
− considering the national conditions, the inclination requirements for dipped beams has been
deleted;
− considering the national conditions, the content “when engine is running, the headlamp
should come on automatically” within circuit connection has been deleted;
− only amber is used for the light colour of side retro-reflector devices;
− the light colour of the front fog light has been altered to white or amber, keeping conformity
with motor vehicles.
Compared to the provisions for two-wheeled motorcycles specified in GB18100-2000, the main
changes to this Part are as follows:
− according to the general provisions of Chapter 4 of GB/T1.1, adjustment to the contents
structure has been made;
− directly used the terms set out in GB4785, repeated definitions have been avoided;
− the inclination requirements for dipped beams have been deleted, the relevant technical
requirements and test methods are still in the process of research;
− a provision about two-wheeled motorcycles being able to use normal motor vehicle
headlamps has been added, providing more choice for motorcycles;
− layout A (installing two lamps) on the installation quantity for direction indicators has been
deleted;
− the installation quantities for rear position lamps, rear retro-reflector devices, front fog
lamps and rear fog lamps have been altered from one to one or two, the corresponding
contents have all been added or modified;
− the front position lamp has increased transverse requirements;
− the provisions for the flashing frequencies of the direction indicators are no longer to be
detailed and split by DC and AC power supply and the flashing frequencies have been
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unified;
− requirements on transverse installation of driving beam headlamps and dipped beam
headlamps have been added;
− test methods have been deleted;
− reference standards have been added, and within the general provisions the uniform
provisions on requirements for photometric characteristics for each lamp have been
specified.
Appendix A to this Part is a normative annex.
The implementation date of this Part is 1 January 2012.
This Part is proposed by China National Development and Reform Commission.
This Part is under the jurisdiction of the National Automobile Standardisation Technical Committee.
The organisations that participated in the drafting of this Part are:
China Automotive Technology & Research Centre;
Shanghai Automotive Lamps Research Institute;
Shanghai Motorcycle Research Institute;
The main drafters of this Part are: Xu Xiuxiang, Bu Weili, Jiang Yong.
This Part replaces the previously issued Standard: GB 18100-2000.
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Provisions for the installation of lighting and light-signalling devices for
motorcycles
Part 1: two-wheeled motorcycles
1 Scope
This Part specifies the general and specific provisions for the installation of lighting and light-
signalling devices for category L3 two-wheeled motorcycles.
This Part applies to two-wheeled motorcycles (hereinafter referred to as the vehicles).
2 Normative References
The provisions of the following documents become provisions of this Part after being referenced.
For dated reference documents, all later amendments (excluding corrigenda) and versions do not
apply to this Part; however, the parties to the agreement are encouraged to study whether the latest
versions of these documents are applicable. For undated reference documents, the latest versions
apply to this Part.
GB 4599 Motor vehicle headlamps equipped with filament lamps
GB 4660 Motor vehicle front fog lamps equipped with filament lamps
GB 4785 Prescription for the installation of external lighting and light-signalling devices for
motor vehicles and their trailers
GB 5948 Photometric characteristics of motorcycle headlamps equipped with filament light
sources
GB 11554 Photometric characteristics of rear fog lamps for motor vehicles and their trailers
GB 11564 Retro-reflector device for motor vehicles
GB 17509 Photometric characteristics of direction indicators for motor vehicles and their
trailers
GB 17510 Photometric characteristics of light-signalling devices for motorcycles
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions set out in GB 4785 apply to this Part.
4 Requirements
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 Lighting and light-signalling devices shall be installed so that under normal working
conditions, despite the vibrations to which they may be subjected, they continue to function in
accordance with the provisions set out in this Part; in particular, the start adjustment state must
not be altered.
4.1.2 The installation of lighting devices should be appropriate for the correct adjustment of its
direction.
4.1.3 When being installed, for all light-signalling devices – including those installed on the side
of a vehicle – the reference axis of the light-signalling device should be parallel to the road stop
plane of the vehicle. In addition, with regard to any side retro-reflector devices, the reference
axis thereof must be perpendicular to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle, the
reference axes of all other light-signalling devices should be parallel to the longitudinal plane of
symmetry of the vehicle; allowance in each direction should be ±3o. If any special provisions
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are specified by the manufacturer, then the installation should be conducted according to the
manufacturer’s instructions.
4.1.4 Unless otherwise specified, the reference centres of a single lamp or retro-reflector device
should be located on the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle. Lamps installed in pairs
should have the same functions, and should meet:
a) relative to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle, install symmetrically;
b) relative to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle, reciprocally symmetry with
geometric shape;
c) meet the same chromaticity requirement;
d) meet the same photometric characteristics;
f) switched on/off at a same time.
4.1.5 Unless otherwise specified, lamps with different functions and also meet their own
requirements can be grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated with one another.
4.1.6 Unless otherwise specified, only direction indicators and hazard warning signalling lamps
can flash.
4.1.7 After a registration plate is installed, the geometry visibility of each lamp should still meet
the requirements.
4.2 Circuit connection
4.2.1 The front position lamp, rear position lamp and rear-registration plate lamp can only be
switched on or off at the same time.
4.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, only when the abovementioned lamps are switched on can the
driving beam headlamp, dipped beam headlamp and fog lamp be switched on. When the driving
beam headlamp and dipped beam headlamp give warning signals (means when they switch
intermittently between driving beam headlamp and dipped beam headlamp, or switch
intermittently alternating between driving beam headlamp and dipped beam headlamp), these
requirements are not applicable.
4.3 Indicator
4.3.1 Each type of indicator should be positioned such that it is easy for the driver to see.
4.3.2 The “closed-circuit” indicator can be replaced by an “operating” indicator.
4.4 Light colour and chromaticity characteristics
See Table 1 for the requirements for light colour emitted by the lamps. Chromaticity
characteristics should conform to the provisions set out in GB 4785.
4.5 General requirements on the installation of lamps
Vehicles should be equipped with the lighting and signalling devices specified in Table 1. Any
other lighting and signalling devices not mentioned in Table 1 must not be used. Headlamps
(driving beam headlamps and dipped beam headlamps) should conform to the provisions set out
in GB 5948 or GB 4599 (excluding sealed-beam lamps); front position lamps, rear position
lamps, stop lamps and rear-registration plate lamps should conform to the provisions set out in
GB 17510; direction indicators should conform to the relevant provisions set out in GB 17509
or GB 17510; non-triangular rear retro-reflector devices and non-triangular side retro-reflector
devices should conform to the provisions set out in GB11564; front fog lamps should conform
to the provisions set out in GB 4660 and rear fog lamps should conform to the provisions set out
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in GB 11554.
Table 1 Light colour of the lamps and their installation requirements
Lamp type Light colour Installation requirement
Headlamps (driving beam White Mandatory installation
headlamp and dipped beam
headlamp)
Front position lamp White Mandatory installation
Rear position lamp Red Mandatory installation
Direction indicator Amber Mandatory installation
Stop lamp Red Mandatory installation
Rear-registration plate lamp White Mandatory installation
Non-triangular rear retro- Red Mandatory installation
reflector device
Non-triangular side retro- Amber Mandatory installation
reflector device
Vehicle hazard warning Amber Optional installation
signalling lamp
Front fog lamp White or amber Optional installation
Rear fog lamp Red Optional installation
4.6 Non-visibility of front-view red light and rear-view white light
Red light should not be visible from the front of a vehicle and white light should not be visible
from the rear of a vehicle. These can be inspected using the following method (see Appendix
A):
a) the non-visibility of front-view red light: the viewer should not be able to directly see the red
light by moving observation from Zone I of the transverse plane, which is a distance of 25 m
from the front of the vehicle.
b) the non-visibility of rear-view white light: the viewer should not be able to directly see the
white light by moving observation from Zone II of the transverse plane which is a distance of
25 m from the rear of the vehicle.
Within the abovementioned transverse planes, the range of Zone I and Zone II for visual
inspection of the observer are as follows:
a) at height direction: limited by two horizontal plane with height from the ground of 1 m and
2.2 m;
b) at transverse direction: at the front of the vehicle and the rear of the vehicle, limited by two
vertical planes which form outward 15o angles with the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the
vehicle respectively. These planes should pass the relevant intersection line (which means the
intersection line between the parallel longitudinal planes of symmetry of the vehicle which is
used to limit the vehicle’s overall width and the perpendicular longitudinal planes of symmetry
of the vehicle which is used to limit the vehicle’s overall length).
4.7 General requirements for the measurement of lamp positions
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4.7.1 The measurements of maximum and minimum height above ground should start from the
highest point and lowest point of the apparent surface on the reference axis direction. With
regard to dipped beam headlamps, the minimum height above the ground thereof should be
measured from the lowest point of the effective aperture of optical system (reflector, lens,
projection lens); if the height (maximum and minimum) above the ground clearly meet the
requirements, then the precise edge of any surface is not required to be determined.
The distance between two lamps in the transverse direction should be determined from the inner
edge of the apparent surface in the reference axis direction. If the installation locations on the
transverse direction clearly meet the requirements, then the precise edge of any surface is not
required to be determined.
4.7.2 Unless otherwise specified, when inspecting the installation height and directions of the
lamps, the test vehicle should be unladen and placed on level ground, its longitudinal plane of
symmetry should be vertical, and the direction changing handle should be at a forward straight
ahead position, with the tyre pressure conforming to the specifications of the manufacturer.
Note: unladen vehicle means no driver, no passenger and no load, but equipped with sufficient
fuel and vehicle accessory tools.
5 Special provisions
5.1 Driving beam headlamp
5.1.1 Quantity: one or two
5.1.2 Arrangement: no special requirement
5.1.3 Position
5.1.3.1 Transverse direction
5.1.3.1.1 Single driving beam headlamps can be positioned above, below or to the side of other
front lamps of the vehicle. If these lamps are arranged in order of up and down, then the
reference centre of the driving beam headlamp should be located on the longitudinal plane of
symmetry of the vehicle; if these lamps are arranged in transverse order, then the reference
centres of these lamps should be symmetrical to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the
vehicle.
5.1.3.1.2 The reference centre of driving beam headlamps which are reciprocally incorporated
with other front lamps of the vehicle should be located on the longitudinal plane of symmetry of
the vehicle. If a vehicle only has a single individual dipped beam headlamp installed, or a
dipped beam headlamp and a front position lamp are reciprocally incorporated and positioned
near to the driving beam headlamp, then the reference centres of these lamps should be
symmetrical to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle.
5.1.3.1.3 If two driving beam headlamps are installed, and one or both of the headlamps are
reciprocally incorporated with other front lamps of the vehicle, then the reference centres of
these lamps should be symmetrical to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle.
5.1.3.1.4 Under all circumstances, the distance between the edge of the illuminating surface of a
single driving beam headlamp and the edge of the illuminating surface of a single dipped beam
headlamp should not exceed 200 mm. The distance between the illuminating surfaces of two
driving beam headlamps must not exceed 200 mm.
5.1.3.2 At height direction: the height above the ground should be 500 mm ~ 1 300 mm.
5.1.3.3 At longitudinal direction: positioned in the front of the vehicle. The light emitted should
neither directly nor indirectly cause any discomfort to the driver in its reflection in the rear-view
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mirror or other reflective surfaces of the vehicle.
5.1.4 Geometric visibility
Angles α at vertical directions: upward and downward 5o;
Angles β at transverse directions: left and right 5o.
5.1.5 Direction: forward. The lamp should be able to turn along with the direction changing
handle.
5.1.6 The driving beam headlamp must not combine with any other lamps.
5.1.7 Circuit connection: when the driving beam headlamp is switched on, the dipped beam
headlamp is also permitted to be on.
5.1.8 “Closed-circuit” indicator: must be equipped with a non-flashing blue signalling lamp.
5.1.9 Other requirements: when the driving beam headlamps are simultaneously connected, the
maximum luminous intensity should not exceed 225 000cd.
5.2 Dipped beam headlamps
5.2.1 Quantity: one or two
5.2.2 Arrangement: no special requirement
5.2.3 Position
5.2.3.1 Transverse direction
5.2.3.1.1 Single dipped beam headlamps can be positioned above, below or to the side of other
front lamps of the vehicle. If these lamps are arranged in order of up and down, then the
reference centre of the dipped beam headlamp should be located on the longitudinal plane of
symmetry of the vehicle; if these lamps are arranged in order of transverse, then the reference
centres of these lamps should be symmetrical to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the
vehicle.
5.2.3.1.2 The reference centre of dipped beam headlamps which are reciprocally incorporated
with the other front lamps of the vehicle should be positioned on the longitudinal plane of
symmetry of the vehicle. If a vehicle only has a single individual driving beam headlamp
installed, or a driving beam headlamp and a front position lamp are reciprocally incorporated
and positioned near the dipped beam headlamp, then the reference centres of these lamps should
be symmetrical to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle.
5.2.3.1.3 If two dipped beam headlamps are installed, and one or both of the headlamps are
reciprocally incorporated with other lamps of the vehicle, then the reference centres of these
lamps should be symmetrical to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle.
5.2.3.1.4 The distance between the illuminating surfaces of two dipped beam headlamps must
not exceed 200 mm.
5.2.3.2 At height direction: the height above the ground should not be lower than 500 mm and
not higher than 1200 mm.
5.2.3.3 At longitudinal direction: positioned in the front of the vehicle. The light emitted should
not directly or indirectly cause any discomfort to the driver in its reflection in the rear-view
mirror or other reflective surfaces of the vehicle.
5.2.4 Geometric visibility
Angles α at vertical directions: upward 15o and downward 10o;
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