Gathering Hopewell: Society, Ritual, and Ritual Interaction (Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology)

818 Pages·2005·7.26 MB·English

by  Christopher Carr

Gathering Hopewell
Society, Ritual, and
Ritual Interaction
INTERDISCIPLINARYCONTRIBUTIONSTOARCHAEOLOGY
SeriesEditor:MichaelJochim,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara
FoundingEditor:RoyS.Dickens,Jr.,LateofUniversityofNorthCarolina,ChapelHill
CurrentVolumesinThisSeries:
THEARCHAEOLOGIST’SLABORATORY
TheAnalysisofArchaeologicalData
E.B.Banning
AURIGNACIANLITHICECONOMY
EcologicalPerspectivesfromSouthwesternFrance
BrookeS.Blades
DARWINIANARCHAEOLOGIES
EditedbyHerbertDonaldGrahamMaschner
EARLIESTITALY
AnOverviewoftheItalianPaleolithicandMesolithic
MargheritaMussi
EMPIREANDDOMESTICECONOMY
TerenceN.D’AltroyandChristineA.Hastorf
EUROPEANPREHISTORY:ASURVEY
EditedbySaurunasMilisauskas
THEEVOLUTIONOFCOMPLEXHUNTER-GATHERERS
ArchaeologicalEvidencefromtheNorthPacific
BenFitzhugh
FAUNALEXTINCTIONINANISLANDSOCIETY
PygmyHippotamusHuntersofCyprus
AlanH.Simmons
AHUNTER-GATHERERLANDSCAPE
SouthwestGermanyintheLatePaleolithicandNeolithic
MichaelA.Jochim
HUNTERSBETWEENEASTANDWEST
ThePaleolithicofMoravia
JiriSvoboda,VojenLozek,andEmanuelVlcek
GATHERINGHOPEWELL
Society,Ritual,andRitualInteraction
ChristopherCarrandD.TroyCase
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Gathering Hopewell
Society, Ritual, and
Ritual Interaction
Editedby
CHRISTOPHER CARR
ArizonaStateUniversity
Tempe,Arizona
and
D. TROY CASE
NorthCarolinaStateUniversity
Raleigh,NorthCarolina
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
NewYork Boston London Dortrecht Moscow
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
GatheringHopewell:society,ritual,andritualinteraction/editedbyChristopherCarrand
D.TroyCase.
p.cm.—(Interdisciplinarycontributionstoarchaeology)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-306-48478-1—ISBN0-306-48479-X(pbk.)
1.Hopewellculture—Ohio. 2.IndiansofNorthAmerica—Ohio—Ritesandceremonies. 3.IndiansofNorth
America—Materialculture—Ohio. 4.IndiansofNorthAmerica—Funeralcustomsandrites—Ohio. 5.Scioto
RiverValley(Ohio)—Antiquities. 6.MiamiRiverValley(Ohio)—Antiquities. I.Carr,Christopher,1952-II.Case,
D.Troy.III.Series.
E99.H69G38 2004
977.1(cid:1)01
2003062064
This eBook does not include ancillary media that was packaged with the
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ThecoverillustrationispartofthepaintingAHopewellIndianBurialCeremony(cid:1)c;reproducedbycourtesyofthe
artist,LouisGlanzman,withourwarmthanks.BordersareadaptedfromGregoryPerino(1968).Coverdesignby
ChristopherCarr;technicalrenderingbyDeannGatesandSusannevanDyne.
ISBNHB:0-306-48478-1
PB:0-306-48479-X
(cid:2)C 2005byKluwerAcademic/PlenumPublishers,NewYork
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PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
To Stuart Struever
For your vigorous work and well-thought-out vision
in the service of archaeological research and education
StuartStrueverin1977attheKosterSite,Illinois.
Contributors
WesleyBernardini,AssistantProfessor. DepartmentofSociologyandAnthropology,University
ofRedlands,1200E.ColtonAvenue,Redlands,California92373.
ChristopherCarr,Professor. DepartmentofAnthropology,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,Ari-
zona85287-2402.
Gary Carriveau, Ph.D., Former Research Scientist. Detroit Institute of Arts, 5200 Woodward
Avenue,Detroit,Michigan48202.
D. Troy Case, Assistant Professor. Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Carolina
StateUniversity,Raleigh,NorthCarolina27695-8107.
DouglasK.Charles,Professor. DepartmentofAnthropology,WesleyanUniversity,Middletown,
Connecticut06459.
Stephanie Field, B.A. Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
85287-2402.
BrianJ.Fryer,Professor. DepartmentofEarthSciences,UniversityofWindsor,Windsor,Ontario
N9B3P4,Canada.
AnneJ.Goldberg,M.A. DepartmentofAnthropology,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,Arizona
85287-2402.
BeauJ.Goldstein,M.A. DepartmentofAnthropology,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,Arizona
85287-2402.
Cynthia Keller, M.A. Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
85287-2402.
TinaLee,M.A. GraduateCenter,CityUniversityofNewYork,NewYork,NewYork10016-4309.
David W. Penney, Ph.D. Vice President and Curator, Detroit Institute of Arts, 5200 Woodward
Avenue,Detroit,Michigan48202.
TeresaRodrigues,A.B.D. DepartmentofAnthropology,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,Arizona
85287-2402.
WilliamF.Romain,Ph.D. 26933GreenbrookeDrive,OlmsteadTownship,Ohio44138.
Bret J. Ruby, Ph.D. Cultural Resource Manager, United States Army, Environment and Natural
ResourcesDivision,Box339500,FortLewis,Washington98433-9500.
Katharine C. Ruhl, M.A. Department of Anthropology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History,
1WadeOvalDrive,Cleveland,Ohio44106-1767.
ix
x CONTRIBUTORS
Christine M. Shriner, Assistant Professor. Department of Geological Sciences, and Research
Associate in the Department of Classical Studies, Indiana University, 1005 E. 10th Street,
Bloomington,Indiana47405-1403.
Michael W. Spence, Professor and Chair. Department of Anthropology, University of Western
Ontario,London,Ontario,CanadaN6A5C2.
ChadR.Thomas,A.B.D. DepartmentofAnthropology,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,Arizona
85287-2402.
GinaM.Turff,M.A. DepartmentofAnthropology,TrentUniversity,1600WestBankDrive,Pe-
terborough,Ontario,Canada,K9J7B8.
JaiminD.Weets,AssistantProfessor. DepartmentofAnthropology,StateUniversityofNewYork,
Potsdam,NewYork13676.
Preface
Explaining and appreciating others, as goals of tening metals and stones acquired from long,
ananthropologicalarchaeologythatstrivestobe, dangerous travels afar into elaborately embel-
atonce,scientificandhumanisticinoutlook,are lished symbolic forms, and honored many of
reconciledinthedetailedstudyoflocalpeoples their dead in meaningfully rich and laboriously
in their local and broader cultural and natural expensive mortuaries. Multicommunity, earth-
contexts.Throughtherichdescriptionofalocal enclosed ceremonial grounds of many tens of
people and their ideas, practices, and environ- acres,alignedpreciselytothesolstices,equinox,
ments,thepossibilityarisesfortheresearcherto and rising moon; ceremonial, three and four-
come to know those people and their ways in tonepanpipessheathedinsilverandcopperand
termsoftheirownself-images,roles,practices, sometimes used in rites of passage; smoking
values, and beliefs, rather than his or hers, to pipessculptedwithcreaturesthatprovidedper-
glimpsetheiraspirationsandmotivations,andto sonal connections to power; figurines of elite,
begintounderstandthem.Detailed,personalized shaman,andcommonersinritualandordinary-
observationofapeople,andsituatingoneselfin liferoutines;tombsofoakenlogsandcremation
theirmidst,laythegroundworkforadeeperex- basinsfilledwithdozenstohundredsofgiftsof
perienceofthem,andopenthedoortotruehu- copper axes, copper breastplates, quartz crystal
manistic appreciation and faithful comparative points, or galena cubes by community leaders,
studyandexplanation. elite sodality members, and shaman-like divin-
Inthislight,findingthefaces,actions,con- ersorhealers—suchexpressivenessoflivespast
sequences, and motivations of past peoples as makesHopewellianmaterialrecordsamongthe
individuals, as social persons who constructed mostsociallyandpersonallyvocalarchaeologi-
andplayedoutvaryingsocialroles,andaslarger calremainsontheNorthAmericancontinent.
social formations with social raisons d’eˆtre— In this book, twenty-one authors in inter-
thicklydescribingpastpeoples—isvitaltoafully woven efforts immerse themselves in this vi-
realizedarchaeologythatisscientificandhuman- brant archaeological record and guide the
istic. This calling is especially salient when an reader through it in order to richly document
archaeologicallandscapeisrichlyendowedwith Hopewellian life and to develop new, more in-
culturally expressive material remains at multi- tricate understandings of Hopewellian peoples,
plescales,asistrueofHopewellianlandscapes who have intrigued and mystified professional
overtheEasternWoodlandsofNorthAmerica. archaeologists and laypersons for now more
Within the verdant valleys of the Wood- than two centuries. By assembling and ana-
lands, Hopewellian peoples of 2,000 years ago lyzing deep and broad archaeological data on
built truly monumental, often complexly de- an unprecedented scale, the authors offer de-
signedearthworksfortheirritualgatheringsand tailedviewsofthepractices,ideas,andmotiva-
burying their dead, masterfully worked glis- tions of Hopewellian peoples in their local and
xi