Gastrointestinal oncology : principles and practices

794 Pages·2007·27.975 MB·English

by  Kelsen, David

Principles and Practice of
Gastrointestinal Oncology

Second Edition
2008
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Philadelphia
530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106 USA
978-0-7817-7617-2
0-7817-7617-1
© 2008 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a WOLTERS KLUWER business
530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106 USA, LWW.com
First Edition © 2002 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Principles and practice of gastrointestinal oncology / [edited by] David P. Kelsen … [et al.]. — 2nd ed.
p. ; cm.
Rev. ed. of: Gastrointestinal oncology. c2002.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-7817-7617-2
ISBN-10: 0-7817-7617-1
1. Digestive organs—Cancer. I. Kelsen, David. II. Gastrointestinal oncology.
[DNLM: 1. Gastrointestinal Neoplasms. WI 149 P957 2008]
RC280.D5G384 2008
616.99′433—dc22
2007034193
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the
authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this
book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication.
Application of the information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner.
The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance
with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government
regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert
for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the
recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug.
Some drugs and medical devices presented in the publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted
research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their
clinical practice.
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Editors
David P. Kelsen MD
Professor of Medicine
Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Chief, Gastrointestinal Oncology Service; Edward S.
Gordon Chair in Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York
John M. Daly MD
Harry C. Donahoo Professor of Surgery
Department of Surgery, Sections of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology; Dean, Temple University
School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Scott E. Kern MD
Professor of Oncology and Pathology
Departments of Oncology and Pathology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Bernard Levin MD
Professor of Gastrointestinal Medicine and Nutrition; Vice President for Cancer Prevention and
Population Sciences; Betty B. Marcus Chair in Cancer Prevention
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
Joel E. Tepper MD
Professor and Chair; Hector MacLean Distinguished Professor of Cancer Research
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, North Carolina
Clinical Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Eric Van Cutsem MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine
Gastroenterology Section, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Leuven; Head, Division of
Digestive Oncology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
Contributing Authors
Susan C. Abraham MD
Associate Professor of Pathology
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
N. Volkan Adsay MD
Professor of Pathology
Emory University; Vice Chair and Director of Anatomic Pathology, Emory University Hospital,
Atlanta, Georgia
Muyiwa A. Aremu MB, FRCSI
Lecturer
Department of Surgery, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Adelaide and Meath Hospital,
Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
Timothy R. Asmis MD, FRCPC
Assistant Professor
University of Ottawa; Medical Oncologist, Ottawa Hospital Cancer Center, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
David L. Bartlett MD
Bernard Fisher Professor of Surgery
University of Pittsburgh; Chief, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical
Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Monica M. Bertagnolli MD
Associate Professor of Surgery
Department of Medical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Sheila A. Bingham PhD, FMed Sci
Director of Centre for Nutritional Epidemiology in Cancer Prevention and Survival
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Craig D. Blinderman MD, MA
Instructor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician, Palliative Care Service, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Heimer Boeing Prof. Dr, MSPH
Head
Department of Epidemiology, Germany Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal,
Germany
H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita MD, MPH, PhD
Project Director
Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Center for Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Public Health
and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
Marcia Irene Canto MD, MHS
Associate Professor of Medicine and Oncology
John Hopkins University School of Medicine; Director of Clinical Research, Department of Medicine,
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore,
Maryland
Barrie R. Cassileth MS, PhD
Chief
Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
Ian D. Chin MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Hotel Dieu Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Staff
Physician, Department of Surgery, Lakeridge Health Oshawa, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
Steven J. Cohen MD
Associate Member
Divisions of Medical and Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Kevin C. Conlon MD, FACS, FRCS, MBA
Professor
Department of Surgery, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Chair of
Surgery, TCD Department of Surgery, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
Sean D. Curran FFR, RCSI
Radiologist
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, New York, New York
Steven A. Curley MD, FACS
Professor of Surgical Oncology
Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
Kimberly Moore Dalal MD
Assistant Clinical Professor (Volunteer)
Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco; Chief, Surgical Oncology; Major,
United States Air Force, David Grant United States Air Force Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base,
California
John M. Daly MD
Harry C. Donahoo Professor of Surgery
Department of Surgery, Sections of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology; Dean, Temple University
School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
David A. Dean MD
Director
Cardiothoracic Surgical Research; Chief, Section of Thoracic Transplantation and VAD's, Department
of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Jochen Decaestecker MD
Department of Pathology, University of Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
Evan S. Dellon MD
Clinical Instructor in Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing,
University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
George D. Demetri MD, FACP
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,
Boston, Massachusetts
Caroline De Vleechouwer
University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
Andre D'Hoore MD, PhD
University of Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
Gary E. Deng MD, PhD
Physician
Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
Vikram Deshpande MD
Instructor in Pathology
Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Frank C. Detterbeck MD, FACS, FCCP
Professor and Chief
Thoracic Surgery; Surgical Director, Yale Thoracic Oncology Program; Associate Director, Clinical
Affairs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
Cathy Eng MD
Assistant Professor
Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
Cecilia M. Fenoglio-Preiser MD
Director of Gastrointestinal Pathology
Ameripath Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
Yuman Fong MD
Professor of Surgery
Weill Cornell Medical Center; Murray F. Brennan Chair in Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York
Eike Gallmeier MD
Department of Medicine, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, Munich,
Germany
Christopher J. Gannon MD
Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
Hans Gerdes MD
Professor of Clinical Medicine
Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Attending Physician, Department of Medicine, Memorial
Hospital for Cancer and Allied Disease, New York, New York
Michael Goggins MD
Associate Professor
Department of Pathology, Medicine, Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
Carlos A. Gonzalez MD
Chief
Group Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
William M. Grady MD
Associate Member
Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Associate Professor and Section
Chief, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Mark L. Greaves MD
Fellow in Medicine
Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Fellow in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine,
Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Disease, New York, New York
F. Anthony Greco MD
Centennial Medical Center, Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
John D. Hainsworth MD
Chief Scientific Officer
The Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
James P. Hamilton MD
Post-doctoral Fellow
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Hepatology Fellow, Division of
Gastroenterolgoy and Hepatology, Baltimore, Maryland
John P. Hoffman MD
Professor
Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine; Senior Member, Department of
Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Ralph H. Hruban MD
Professor and Pathologist
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
Elizabeth T. Jacobs PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
Jeremy R. Jass MD, FRCPath
Professor
Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anesthetics, Imperial College London,
London, United Kingdom; Consultant Histopathologist, Department of Cellular Pathology, St. Mark's
Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom
Morton S. Kahlenberg MD, FACS
Associate Professor; Chief
Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio,
Texas
Ellen Kampman PhD
Associate Professor
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
David P. Kelsen MD
Professor of Medicine
Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Chief, Gastrointestinal Oncology Service; Edward S.
Gordon Chair of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York
Andrew S. Kennedy MD
Co-Medical Director
Wake Radiology Oncology, Cary, North Carolina
Scott E. Kern MD
Professor of Oncology and Pathology
Departments of Oncology and Pathology, The Sidney Kemmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Michael C. Kew MD, DSc, FRCP
Dora Dart Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Senior
Physician of Medicine, Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Parktown, Johannesburg, Ganteng, South
Africa
David S. Klimstra MD
Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Weill Medical College of Cornell; Attending Pathologist and Chief of Surgical Pathology, Memorial
Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
Richard P. M. Koehler MD
Thoracic Surgeon
Department of Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
Matthew H. Kulke MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts
Rene Lambert MD, FRCP
Visiting Scientist
Group of Screening, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
Gregory Y. Lauwers MD
Associate Professor of Pathology
Harvard Medical School; Director of Gastrointestinal Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts
Theodore Lawrence MD, PhD
Isadore Lampe Professor and Chair
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, University Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Bernard Levin MD
Professor of Gastrointestinal Medicine and Nutrition; Vice President and Division Head; Betty B.
Marcus Chair in Cancer Prevention
Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center,
Houston, Texas
Keith D. Lillemoe MD
Jay L. Grosfeld Professor and Chairman
Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine; Surgeon-in-Chief, Indiana University
Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
Steven Lipkin MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine; Director, Cancer Genetics Clinic, Chao
Family NCI Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine Medical Center,
Irvine, California
Albert B. Lowenfels MD
Professor of Surgery
New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
Alessandro Lugli MD
Attending Physician
Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Patrick Maisonneuve Eng
Director Epidemiology
Division Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Arnold J. Markowitz MD
Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine
Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Disease, New
York, New York
Maria Elena Martinez MD
Professor of Epidemiology and Nutrition
Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
Joel B. Mason MD
Associate Professor
Schools of Medicine and Nutritional Science, Tufts University; Staff Physician, Divisions of
Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Tufts New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Stephen J. Meltzer MD
Professor and Director of GI Biomarker Research Laboratory
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology
and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland
Bruce D. Minsky
Vice Chairman
Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
Rajnish Mishra MD
Fellow
Department of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Virginia Health System,
Charlottesville, Virginia
Michael Molls MD
Professor
Technical University; Chief, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Keinikumtechls der
lsar, Munchen, Germany
Attila Nakeeb MD
Associate Professor
Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine; Attending Surgeon, Indiana University
Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
Bernard Nordlinger MD
Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne, France
Kenneth Offit MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine
Weil Medical College, Cornell University; Chief, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York
Sam G. Pappas MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin; Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery,
Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Donald Max Parkin MD
Clinical Trials Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford,
United Kingdom
Bogdan C. Paun MD
Locum Tenens, Department of Surgery, Headerson General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Freddy Penninckx MD, PhD
Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
Nicholas Petrelli MD
Professor of Surgery