Gastrointestinal Emergencies

319 Pages·2015·3.29 MB·English

by  Tony C. K. Tham

Gastrointestinal emergencies

Gastrointestinal
emergencies
EditEd by
Tony C. K. Tham
Consultant Gastroenterologist,
Ulster Hospital,
Dundonald, Belfast,
Northern Ireland, UK
John S. A. Collins
Associate Postgraduate Dean,
Northern Ireland Medical and Dental Training Agency
Formerly Consultant Gastroenterologist,
Royal Victoria Hospital,
Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
Roy Soetikno
Chief, GI Section,
Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System,
Palo Alto;
Associate Professor,
Stanford University,
Stanford, CA, USA
ThiRd EdiTion
This edition first published 2016 © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Second edition published 2009
First edition published 2000
© 2000, 2009 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Gastrointestinal emergencies (Tham)
Gastrointestinal emergencies / edited by Tony C.K. Tham, John S.A. Collins, Roy Soetikno. – Third edition.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-118-63842-2 (pbk.)
I. Tham, Tony C. K., editor. II. Collins, John S. A., editor. III. Soetikno, Roy, editor. IV. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Gastrointestinal Diseases–therapy. 2. Emergency Treatment. 3. Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal.
WI 140]
RC801
616.3′3–dc23
2015024791
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may
not be available in electronic books.
Cover image: © Paul Bradbury/GettyImages
Set in 8.5/12pt Meridien by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
1 2016
Contents
Notes on contributors, vii 13 Complications of liver biopsy, 77
Robert J. Wong and Aijaz Ahmed
Section 1: Approach to specific 14 Complications of colonoscopy, 81
presentations Matthias Steverlynck and Jo Vandervoort
1 Approach to dysphagia, 3 15 Complications of capsule endoscopy, 86
John S. A. Collins Roy Soetikno and Andres Sanchez‐Yague
2 Approach to vomiting, 8 16 Complications of endoscopic ultrasound, 91
Bee Chan Lee and John S. A. Collins Maria Cecilia M. Sison‐Oh, Andres Sanchez‐Yague,
and Roy Soetikno
3 Approach to upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 12
Patrick B. Allen and Tony C. K. Tham 17 Complications of Endoscopic Mucosal
Resection (EMR) and Endoscopic
4 Approach to acute abdominal pain, 19
Submucosal Dissection (ESD), 99
Tony C. K. Tham
Ichiro Oda, Haruhisa Suzuki, and Seiichiro Abe
5 Approach to jaundice, 25
18 Complications of bariatric surgery, 105
Tony C. K. Tham
Allison R. Schulman, Michele B. Ryan,
6 Acute severe lower gastrointestinal and Christopher C. Thompson
hemorrhage, 34
19 Complications of drugs used in 
Jennifer M. Kolb and Tonya Kaltenbach
gastroenterology, 117
7 Approach to diarrhea, 39 Paul Kevin Hamilton and Philip Toner
John S. A. Collins
Section 3: Specific conditions
Section 2: Complications of gastrointestinal
procedures and therapy 20 Foreign body impaction in the esophagus, 135
George Triadafilopoulos
8 Complications of upper gastrointestinal 
endoscopy, 45 21 Esophageal perforation, 142
Ioannis S. Papanikolaou and Peter D. Siersema
Daniel J. Stein and Reza Shaker
9 Complications of percutaneous endoscopic 22 Acute upper non‐variceal gastrointestinal
hemorrhage, 151
gastrostomy, 51
Kelvin Palmer
Barbara Willandt and Jo Vandervoort
10 Complications of endoscopic variceal ligation, 23 Acute pancreatitis, 158
David R. Lichtenstein
sclerotherapy, and balloon tamponade, 57
Aarti K. Rao and Roy Soetikno 24 Biliary tract emergencies, 172
Joseph K. N. Kim and David L. Carr‐Locke
11 ERCP complications, 61
Constantinos P. Anastassiades 25 Variceal hemorrhage, 177
and Richard C. K. Wong Roy Soetikno and Andres Sanchez‐Yague
12 Complications of laparoscopic surgery, 70 26 Acute liver failure, 183
Stephen Attwood and Khalid Osman Philip S. J. Hall and W. Johnny Cash
v
vi Contents
27 Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 193 34 Acute severe ulcerative colitis, 242
Andrés Cárdenas, Isabel Graupera, and Pere Ginès Subrata Ghosh and Marietta Iacucci
28 Alcoholic hepatitis, 204 35 Gastrointestinal infections, 251
Brian J. Hogan and David William Michael Patch Graham Morrison and John S. A. Collins
29 Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, 211 36 Diverticular disease, 263
Ian McAllister Jennifer M. Kolb and Tonya Kaltenbach
30 Intestinal obstruction, 220 37 Gastrointestinal complications of
Kevin McCallion HIV disease, 269
31 Acute appendicitis, 225 Emma McCarty and Wallace Dinsmore
Ian McAllister 38 Gastrointestinal complications in
32 Middle gastrointestinal bleeding, 230 the intensive care unit, 276
Andres Sanchez‐Yague James J. McNamee and Daniel F. McAuley
33 Ischemic bowel, 239
Ryan B. Perumpail and Shai Friedland Index, 282
Notes on contributors
Seiichiro Abe Shai Friedland MD
National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan Assistant Professor, Stanford University School of Medicine
and VA Palo Alto, Stanford, CA, USA
Aijaz Ahmed MD
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford Subrata Ghosh MD, FRCP, FRCPE, FRCPC, FCAHS
University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Professor of Medicine, Microbiology & Immunology,
University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Patrick B. Allen MB, FRCP, BSc
Consultant Gastroenterologist, Ulster Hospital, Belfast, Pere Ginès MD, PhD
Northern Ireland, UK Chief of Hepatology, Liver Unit, Institute of Digestive Diseases
Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Professor of Medicine, University
Constantinos P. Anastassiades MBBS (Lond), FACP of Barcelona, Spain
Consultant, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology,
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
Isabel Graupera
Adj. Assistant Professor of Medicine, Case Western Reserve
Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabolisme, Hospital Clinic,
University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Stephen Attwood MCh, FRCS, FRCSI
Philip S. J. Hall MRCP, MB, BCh
Consultant Upper GI and Laparoscopic Surgeon, Honorary
Specialty registrar in Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology
Professor, Durham University, Durham, UK
training program, Altnagelvin Hospital, Londonderry,
Northern Ireland, UK
Andrés Cárdenas MD, MMSc, PhD, AGAF
Faculty Member/Senior Specialist, GI Unit, Institute of
Digestive Diseases, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University Paul Kevin Hamilton BSc (Hons), MD, FRCPE
of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Specialty Registrar, Department of Clinical Biochemistry;
Formerly Consultant Physician and Clinical Pharmacologist;
Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern
David L. Carr‐Locke MB, Bchir, FRCP, FASGE
Ireland, UK
Chief, Division of Digestive Diseases, Associate Chair of
Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center,
New York, USA Brian J. Hogan
Professor, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, USA Specialty Registrar, Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal
Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free Hospital,
W. Johnny Cash MD, FRCP London, UK
Consultant Hepatologist, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast,
Northern Ireland, UK Marietta Iacucci MD, PhD
Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine Division of
John S. A. Collins MD Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Associate Postgraduate Dean, Northern Ireland Medical and
Dental Training Agency Tonya Kaltenbach MD, MS
Formerly Consultant Gastroenterologist, Royal Victoria Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Clinical
Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK Assistant Professor of Medicine (Affiliated), Stanford
University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
Wallace Dinsmore MD, FRCP, FRCPI, FRCPEd
Professor of Medicine, Department of GU Medicine, Royal Joseph K. N. Kim
Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK Icahn School of Medicine, New York, USA
vii
viii Notes on contributors
Jennifer M. Kolb MD David W.M. Patch MBBS, FRCP
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Internal Medicine, Consultant Hepatologist, Department of Hepatology, Royal
New York, NY, USA Free Hospital, London, UK
Bee Chan Lee MB, MRCP Ryan B. Perumpail MD
Consultant Gastroenterologist, Warwick Hospital, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA, USA
Warwicks, England, UK
Aarti K. Rao MD
David R. Lichtenstein MD Resident Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford
Director of Endsocopy & Associate Professor of Medicine, University; Department of Gastroenterology, Veterans Affairs
Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Palo Alto Health Care System, CA, USA
Boston, MA, USA
Michele B. Ryan
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Ian McAllister MD
Boston, MA, USA
Consultant Surgeon, Ulster Hospital, Dundonald, Belfast,
Northern Ireland, UK
Andres Sanchez‐Yague MD, PhD
Chief, Gastroenterology Unit, Vithas Xanit International
Daniel F. McAuley
Hospital, Benalmadena, Spain
Professor and Consultant in Intensive Care Medicine, Royal
Consultant, Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol,
Victoria Hospital and Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast,
Marbella, Spain
Northern Ireland, UK
Allison R. Schulman
Kevin McCallion
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Consultant Surgeon, Ulster Hospital, Dundonald, Belfast, Boston, MA, USA
Northern Ireland, UK
Reza Shaker MD, FACP
Emma McCarty Professor and Chief, Division of Gastroenterology and
Consultant in Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital, Hepatology; Director, Digestive Disease Center, Medical
Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
James J. McNamee FCARCSI, FRCA, FCICM, FFICM Peter D. Siersema MD, PhD
Consultant in Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Victoria Professor of Gastroenterology and Chief, Department of
Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center,
Utrecht, The Netherlands
Graham Morrison MB, MRCP
Maria Cecilia M. Sison‐Oh
Consultant Gastroenterologist, Altnagelvin Hospital,
Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK Medical Center Manila, Manila, Philippines
Roy Soetikno MD, MS (Health Service Research)
Ichiro Oda MD
Chief, GI Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System,
National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Palo Alto
Associate Professor, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Khalid Osman FRCS
North Tyneside General Hospital, Tyne & Wear, UK
Daniel J. Stein MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and
Kelvin Palmer FRCP(Edin) Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Formerly Consultant Gastroenterologist, Western General
Hospital, Edinburgh, UK Matthias Steverlynck
Centre Hospitalier de Mouscron, Belgium
Ioannis S. Papanikolaou
Department of Internal Medicine and Research Unit, “Attikon” Haruhisa Suzuki
University General Hospital, University of Athens, Greece National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan