Gastrointestinal and Pancreatico-Biliary Diseases: Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy

1890 Pages·2021·61.275 MB·English

by  Pier Alberto Testoni (editor), Haruhiro Inoue (editor), Michael B. Wallace (editor)

Pier Alberto Testoni
Haruhiro Inoue
Michael B. Wallace
Editors
Gastrointestinal and
Pancreatico-Biliary
Diseases: Advanced
Diagnostic and
Therapeutic
Endoscopy
Gastrointestinal and Pancreatico-Biliary
Diseases: Advanced Diagnostic and
Therapeutic Endoscopy
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Pier Alberto Testoni Haruhiro Inoue
Michael B. Wallace
Editors
Gastrointestinal and
Pancreatico-Biliary
Diseases: Advanced
Diagnostic and
Therapeutic Endoscopy
With558Figuresand150Tables
Editors
PierAlbertoTestoni HaruhiroInoue
DivisionofGastroenterologyand DigestiveDiseasesCenter
GastrointestinalEndoscopyIRCCS ShowaUniversityKotoToyosuHospital
SanRaffaeleScientificInstitute Tokyo,Japan
Vita-SaluteSanRaffaeleUniversity
Milan,Italy
MichaelB.Wallace
DepartmentofGastroenterologyand
Hepatology
MayoClinicFlorida
Jacksonville,FL,USA
ISBN978-3-030-56992-1 ISBN978-3-030-56993-8(eBook)
ISBN978-3-030-56994-5 (printandelectronicbundle)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56993-8
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Foreword
GastroenterologywasaverydifferentspecialtywhenIgotstartedbackinthemists
oftime.Therewerenoscansorflexibleinstruments.Wediagnosedbyenquiryand
intuition, examined with the hand and finger, investigated with barium meals and
enemas, and analyzed gastric acid and stools. Our therapeutic armamentarium was
limited to gratuitous advice about diet and behavior, antacids, laxatives, and mor-
phine.Wehadnointerventionaltreatmentsandhencelittleriskofbeingcalledoutat
night or weekends (probably why I chose it). Surgery was the only definitive
treatmentandcarriedsignificantrisks.
A glance at this magnificent book shows how dramatically our profession has
changedinthelast50years.Theeditorshaveassembledexpertswhohavepioneered
endoscopic interventions that together constitute a true revolution in the manage-
ment of many digestive diseases. I am enormously impressed with their ingenuity,
andtheircourageinthinkingoutsidethetraditionalbox,indeeddestroyingit.
Wheredoesthatleaveoursurgicalcolleagues,whohaveseenincreasinglylarge
areas of their “turf” slipping away? Gastroenterologists are fortunate that most
surgeons failed to embrace flexible endoscopy in the early days. Now, many are
leadersinthefieldandweallembracetheconceptof“minimallyInvasivetherapy.”
It is worth reflecting on the fact that most surgeons and gastroenterologists (and
radiologists) now look alike at work, wearing gowns and gloves, working with
instrumentsthroughsmallholesandwatchingonTVmonitors.
I have argued before that this paradigm shift and merging of specialty practices
should shake up the traditional silos of “medicine” and “surgery” that have domi-
natedourprofessionforseveralhundredyears.Manymajorinstitutions,likeoursat
MUSC, have recognized the importance of multi-disciplinary collaboration and
empowered “centers” or “service lines” in which all relevant disciplines can better
providethemosteffectiveandefficientcare.Ifthatisthebestwaytopractice,itis
surely time to change the departmental structure to focus on organ systems, rather
than whether someonewields ascalpel orastethoscope.Incidentally,thatarrange-
mentwillmakeiteasiertoacceptandmanageafutureworldinwhichmanyofthese
mechanical interventions are no longer needed, replaced by prevention of the
diseasesand/oreffectivemedications.
v
vi Foreword
Inthemeantime,marvelatthecurrenttherapeuticsceneandbegratefulforallthe
adviceinthisterrificbook.
ProfessorofMedicine PeterB.Cotton,MD,FRCP,FRCS
DigestiveDiseaseCenter
MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina
Preface
Inthelasttwodecadesdigestiveendoscopyhashadadevelopmentneverseenbefore,
inthediagnosisandtreatmentofthediseasesofthedigestivetract,pancreas,andbiliary
ductalsystem,becomingarealandeffectivealternativetosurgeryinmanydisorders.
Theintroductioninclinicalpracticeofadvancedimagingtechnologies,suchashigh
definition imaging, optical coherence tomography, confocal endomicroscopy and
spyglass, and the use of artificial intelligence, have made possible to identify and
characterize early-stage lesions not only of the gastrointestinal tract but also of the
pancreatico-biliaryductalsystem.Inparticular,thesetechnologieshavemadepossible
toachieveanearlydiagnosisoftumorsandtheirendoscopictreatment,resultinginless
morbidityanddiscomfortforpatientsandlowercostsforthehealthcaresystem.
Newtechnologicallyadvanceddevicesandmaterials,andregenerativemedicine
applied to endoscopy, allowed endoluminal therapy to treat diseases or resolve
complications that until few years ago could only be treated by surgery. Trans-
orifice endoluminal surgery that can today treat functional disorders of the gastro-
intestinal tract, such as gastro-esophageal reflux disease, achalasia and primary
spastic esophageal motility disorders, Hirsprung’sdisease, and gastroparesis, plays
animportantroleinthemanagementofobesityandmetabolicdisorders,andpermits
bypassinterventions.
Moreover, the progressive diffusion of ultrasound endoscopy had a tremendous
impact in the clinical management of gastrointestinal and pancreatico-biliary neo-
plasia, allowing a proper selection of patients suitable for curative endoscopic or
surgical resection, and ablative therapy of locally advanced pancreatic cancer, in
adjuncttochemotherapy,withpromisingexpectations.
Inthisbook,uniqueforitscompletenessandspecificity,theeditorshavebrought
together the world’s top experts and asked them to address all present and future
aspects of the digestive and pancreatico-biliary endoscopy, from the advanced
diagnosticstotherapy,withtheaimofprovidingthereaderwiththestateoftheart
inthefieldandfutureperspectives.
Milan,Italy PierAlbertoTestoni
Tokyo,Japan HaruhiroInoue
Florida,USA MichaelB.Wallace
October,2021
vii
Contents
Volume 1
PartI DiagnosisandTherapyofUpperG.I.Neoplasiaand
PrecancerousConditions ................................... 1
1 AdvancedImagingTechniquesandInVivoHistology:
CurrentStatusandFuturePerspectives(UpperG.I.) ......... 3
RalfKiesslich
2 RoleofEndoscopicUltrasoundinPretreatmentStaging
ofUpperGastrointestinalTractCancers ................... 21
UmarHayat,ZarakHassanKhan,andAmitabhChak
3 EsophagealNeoplasia:EndoscopicDiagnosisandTreatment ... 35
GaiusLongcroft-Wheaton,AsmaAlkandari,andPradeepBhandari
4 EndoscopicResectionofSquamousCellCarcinoma:
TechniquesandOutcomes ............................... 57
MassimilianodiPietroandSeiichiroAbe
5 ManagementofBarrett’sEsophagus:StateoftheArt ......... 75
NourHamadeandPrateekSharma
6 RadiofrequencyAblationofBarrett’sEpithelium ............ 89
E.A.Nieuwenhuis,J.J.G.H.M.Bergman,andR.E.Pouw
7 CryotherapyandArgonAblationofBarrett’sEpithelium ..... 105
PhilippeLeclercqandRafBisschops
8 ResectionTechniquesinBarrett’sEsophagus ............... 141
OliverPechandS.SalehA.Alqahtani
9 EndoscopicCharacterizationofGastricLesionsandResection
Strategy ............................................. 151
KenshiYao,HisashiDoyama,andShigetsuguTsuji
ix
x Contents
10 EndoscopicSubmucosalDissectionofGastricLesions ......... 171
TakujiGotoda
11 EndoscopicResectionofSubmucosalLesionsoftheUpper
GITract:Full-ThicknessResection(EFTR)andSubmucosal
TunnelingResection(STER) ............................. 189
PinghongZhou,MingyanCai,andShaimaaElkholy
12 POETandCLEAN-NETforSubmucosalTumor ............ 221
ManabuOnimaruandHaruhiroInoue
13 Vater’sPapillaNeoplasia:EndoscopicUltrasonographyfor
PreoperativeStaging ................................... 239
RyanPonnudurai,AbrahamMathewGeorge,ChenHarnChin,and
MandeepSinghAwtarSingh
14 EndoscopicSnarePapillectomy .......................... 251
GuidoCostamagna,FedericoBarbaro,andAndreaTringali
15 EndoscopicDiagnosisofEarlyDuodenalEpithelialNeoplasia
andTherapeuticStrategy ............................... 267
ShigetsuguTsuji,HisashiDoyama,andKenshiYao
PartII DiagnosisandTherapyofLowerG.I.Neoplasiaand
PrecancerousConditions .................................. 279
16 Enteroscopy:TechniquesandSmallBowelTherapy .......... 281
TomonoriYanoandHironoriYamamoto
17 AdvancedImagingTechniquesandInvivoHistology:
CurrentStatusandFuturePerspectives(LowerG.I.) ......... 291
PujanKandelandMichaelB.Wallace
18 EndoscopicCharacterizationofColorectalLesionsand
ResectionStrategy ..................................... 311
HelmutMessmann,AndreasProbst,andAlannaEbigbo
19 EndoscopicMucosalResectionofColorectalLesions .......... 329
MichaelX.MaandMichaelJ.Bourke
20 EndoscopicSubmucosalDissectionofColorectalLesions ...... 355
FedericoIacopiniandYutakaSaito
21 HybridTechniqueforDifficultColorectalLesions ............ 385
FrancescoAzzolini
22 PiecemealEMRVersusESDforLargeColorectalLesions:
ProsandCons ........................................ 397
GabrielaRodríguez-RuizandIrvingWaxman
Contents xi
23 ResectionofSubmucosalLesionsoftheLowerGITract:
Full-ThicknessResection(EFTR),OVESCO ................ 407
BenedettoMangiavillano,FrancescoAuriemma,DaniloPaduano,
LauraLamonaca,andAlessandroRepici
24 EndoscopicUltrasonographyforPreoperativeStagingof
RectalLesions ........................................ 419
FergaC.Gleeson
25 ColonoscopySurveillanceAfterAdenomaRemoval:Current
Guidelines ........................................... 443
EvelienDekkerandWillemijndeKlaver
26 UptakeofColorectalCancerScreeningand
Cost-Effectiveness ..................................... 459
CesareHassanandG.Antonelli
27 AdvancedTechniquesinColonoscopyinInheritedCancer
Conditions ........................................... 471
GiuliaMartinaCavestroandGiulianoFrancescoBonura
28 AdvancedColonoscopyTechniquesinInflammatoryBowel
Diseases ............................................. 485
MariettaIacucciandRosannaCannatelli
29 FutureTechnologiesforTreatmentofG.I.TractLesions ...... 509
OlayaI.BrewerGutierrezandAnthonyN.Kalloo
30 ArtificialIntelligenceforDiagnosingG.I.TractLesions ....... 523
DaljeetChahal,NealShahidi,andMichaelF.Byrne
PartIII TherapyofMotorDisordersofGastrointestinalTract .... 541
31 EndoscopicMyotomyandSeptotomyforZenker’s
Diverticulum(Z-POEM) ................................ 543
AlessandroFugazza,AnnalisaCappello,AntonioCapogreco,and
AlessandroRepici
32 PeroralEndoscopicMyotomy(POEM)forAchalasia:
Indications,Techniques,andOutcomes .................... 559
XiaocenZhang,RaniModayil,andStavrosN.Stavropoulos
33 StentingandEndoscopicTechniquesAlternativetoPOEMfor
Achalasia ............................................ 591
PietroFamiliari,RosarioLandi,andGuidoCostamagna
34 PeroralEndoscopicMyotomy(Poem)forEsophagealMotility
Disorders:Indications,Techniques,andOutcomes ........... 605
OscarVíctorHernándezMondragónandRaúlAntonio
ZamarripaMottú