Gardner's Art Through the Ages: A Global History

1218 Pages·2012·266.74 MB·English

by  Fred S. Kleiner

G A R D N E R ’ S
ART AGES

through
the
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G A R D N E R ’ S FRED S. KLEINER
ART AGES
through

the
A GLOBAL HISTORY FOURTEENTH EDITION
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
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Gardner’s Art through the Ages: © 2013, 2009, 2005 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
A Global History, Fourteenth Edition
WCN: 02-200-203
Fred S. Kleiner
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ISBN-13: 978-0-495-91542-3
Text Designer: tani hasegawa ISBN-10: 0-495-91542-4
Cover Designer: tani hasegawa
Cover Image: © Estate of Joan Mitchell. Photograph: © Butler Wadsworth
Institute of American Art, Youngstown, OH, USA/Gift of 20 Channel Center Street
Marilynn Meeker, 1986 Courtesy of the Joan Mitchell Founda- Boston, MA 02210
tion, NYC/The Bridgeman Art Library International USA
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Printed in the United States of America
2 3 4 5 15 14 13 12
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Joan Mitchell, Untitled, ca. 1953–1954. Oil on canvas, 1′ 5″ × 1′ 4″. Butler Institute of American
Art, Youngstown (gift of Marilynn Meekder, 1986).
T
R Th e fi rst major American art movement to emerge in the years following World War II was
Abstract Expressionism. Th e Abstract Expressionists built on the innovations of earlier 20th-
A
century masters, but went even further in rejecting the illusionism that had dominated West-

R ern art since the Renaissance. As the name suggests, the Abstract Expressionists produced paint-
ings that are abstract but express the artist’s state of mind, with the goal also of striking emotional
E
chords in the viewer. Abstract Expressionist paintings oft en feature vigorous application of pigment
V
to the canvas—sometimes literally fl ung from the brush or dripped onto the canvas—hence the
O
name “action painting” oft en applied to this movement.
C Joan Mitchell (1925–1992) was the most prominent woman to embrace action painting, an art
form widely regarded as violent, heroic, and distinctly masculine. Indeed, Mitchell took off ense at the

E
very notion of a “woman painter” as opposed to a painter who was a woman. Illustrated here is one of
H Mitchell’s early and characteristically untitled canvases. It features broad intersecting bands of red,
T black, and white, mixed with shorter, narrower, curving brushstrokes that fi ll almost the entire surface
of the canvas. In contrast to most works in the Western tradition, both fi gural and abstract, the focus

T
of attention in this composition is off -center at the upper left .
U Mitchell’s intensely personal approach to painting characterizes the art of the modern era in gen-
O eral, but it is not typical of many periods of art history when artists toiled in anonymity to fulfi ll the
wishes of their patrons, whether Egyptian pharaohs, Roman emperors, or medieval monks. Art through
B
the Ages surveys the art of all periods from prehistory to the present, and worldwide, and examines how
A
artworks of all kinds have always refl ected the historical contexts in which they were created.
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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BR I EF CON T EN T S
PREFACE xxi CHAPTER 10
THE ISLAMIC WORLD 282
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS ART HISTORY? 1 CHAPTER 11
EARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE 306
CHAPTER 1
ART BEFORE HISTORY 14 CHAPTER 12
ROMANESQUE EUROPE 332
CHAPTER 2
MESOPOTAMIA AND PERSIA 30 CHAPTER 13
GOTHIC EUROPE 364
CHAPTER 3
EGYPT UNDER THE PHARAOHS 54 CHAPTER 14
LATE MEDIEVAL ITALY 400
CHAPTER 4
THE PREHISTORIC AEGEAN 84 CHAPTER 15
SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA
CHAPTER 5
BEFORE 1200 422
ANCIENT GREECE 104
CHAPTER 16
CHAPTER 6
CHINA AND KOREA TO 1279 448
THE ETRUSCANS 164
CHAPTER 17
CHAPTER 7
JAPAN BEFORE 1333 474
THE ROMAN EMPIRE 178
CHAPTER 18
CHAPTER 8
NATIVE ARTS OF THE AMERICAS
LATE ANTIQUITY 232
BEFORE 1300 490
CHAPTER 9
CHAPTER 19
BYZANTIUM 254
AFRICA BEFORE 1800 520
vii
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CHAPTER 20 CHAPTER 29
LATE MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERNISM IN EUROPE AND AMERICA,
RENAISSANCE NORTHERN EUROPE 534 1900 TO 1945 834
CHAPTER 21 CHAPTER 30
THE RENAISSANCE IN MODERNISM AND POSTMODERNISM
QUATTROCENTO ITALY 558 IN EUROPE AND AMERICA,
1945 TO 1980 898
CHAPTER 22
CHAPTER 31
RENAISSANCE AND MANNERISM IN
CINQUECENTO ITALY 598 CONTEMPORARY ART WORLDWIDE 940
CHAPTER 23 CHAPTER 32
HIGH RENAISSANCE AND MANNERISM SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA,
IN NORTHERN EUROPE AND SPAIN 644 1200 TO 1980 974
CHAPTER 24 CHAPTER 33
THE BAROQUE IN ITALY CHINA AND KOREA, 1279 TO 1980 988
AND SPAIN 668
CHAPTER 34
CHAPTER 25
JAPAN, 1336 TO 1980 1004
THE BAROQUE IN NORTHERN
EUROPE 694 CHAPTER 35
NATIVE ARTS OF THE AMERICAS,
CHAPTER 26
1300 TO 1980 1022
ROCOCO TO NEOCLASSICISM:
THE 18TH CENTURY IN EUROPE CHAPTER 36
AND AMERICA 726 OCEANIA BEFORE 1980 1042
CHAPTER 27 CHAPTER 37
ROMANTICISM, REALISM, AFRICA, 1800 TO 1980 1060
PHOTOGRAPHY: EUROPE AND
AMERICA, 1800 TO 1870 754
NOTES 1080
GLOSSARY 1085
CHAPTER 28
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1103
IMPRESSIONISM, POST-IMPRESSIONISM,
SYMBOLISM: EUROPE AND AMERICA, CREDITS 1123
1870 TO 1900 798
MUSEUM INDEX 1131
SUBJECT INDEX 1139
viii Brief Contents
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