Gardens of Prehistory: The Archaeology of Settlement Agriculture in Greater Mesoamerica

358 Pages·1992·3.45 MB·English

by  Thomas W. Killion

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title : Gardens of Prehistory : The Archaeology of Settlement
Agriculture in Greater Mesoamerica
author : Killion, Thomas W.
publisher : University of Alabama Press
isbn10 | asin : 0817305653
print isbn13 : 9780817305659
ebook isbn13 : 9780585140933
language : English
subject Indians--Agriculture--Congresses, Agriculture, Prehistoric--
America--Congresses, Land settlement patterns, Prehistoric--
America--Congresses, Indians--Antiquities--Congresses,
America--Antiquities--Congresses.
publication date : 1992
lcc : E59.A35G37 1992eb
ddc : 630/.972/0901
subject : Indians--Agriculture--Congresses, Agriculture, Prehistoric--
America--Congresses, Land settlement patterns, Prehistoric--
America--Congresses, Indians--Antiquities--Congresses,
America--Antiquities--Congresses.
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Gardens of Prehistory
The Archaeology of Settlement Agriculture in Greater Mesoamerica
Edited by Thomas W. Killion
The University of Alabama Press
Tuscaloosa & London

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Page iv
Copyright © 1992
The University of Alabama Press
Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0380
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
designed by zig zeigler
The paper on which this book is printed meets the minimum
requirements of American National Standard for Information
Science-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials,
ANSI Z39.48-1984.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gardens of prehistory : the archaeology of settlement agriculture in
Greater Mesoamerica / edited by Thomas W. Killion.
p. cm.
Edited papers from a symposium held May 9, 1987, in Toronto.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8173-0565-3 (alk. paper)
1. IndiansAgricultureCongresses. 2. Agriculture, Prehistoric
AmericaCongresses. 3. Land settlement patterns, Prehistoric
AmericaCongresses. 4. IndiansAntiquitiesCongresses.
5. AmericaAntiquitiesCongresses. I. Killion, Thomas W.
E59.A35G37 1992
630´.972´0901dc20 92-3420
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data available

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Page v
CONTENTS
Illustrations ix
Preface xiii
1 1
The Archaeology of Settlement Agriculture
Thomas W. Killion
2 14
Factors Affecting Settlement Agriculture in the Ethnographic and Historic Record of Mesoamerica
William T. Sanders and Thomas W. Killion
Part I: Settlement and Agriculture in the Arid Lands of Greater Mesoamerica 33
3 35
The Southwestern Ethnographic Record and Prehistoric Agricultural Diversity
Timothy D. Maxwell and Kurt F. Anschuetz

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Page vi
4 69
House-Lot Gardens in the Gran Chichimeca: Ethnographic Cause for Archaeological Concern
William E. Doolittle
5 92
The Productivity of Maguey Terrace Agriculture in Central Mexico During the Aztec Period
Susan T. Evans
Part II: Artifact Distributions and the Organization of Prehistoric Agriculture: Evidence from Lowland 117
Mesoamerica
6 119
Residential Ethnoarchaeology and Ancient Site Structure: Contemporary Farming and Prehistoric Settlement
Agriculture at Matacapan, Veracruz, Mexico
Thomas W. Killion
7 150
A Consideration of the Olmec Phenomenon in the Tuxtlas: Early Formative Settlement Pattern, Land Use, and
Refuse Disposal at Matacapan, Veracruz, Mexico
Robert S. Stanley
8 184
Agricultural Tasks and Tools: Patterns of Stone Tool Discard Near Prehistoric Maya Residences Bordering
Pulltrouser Swamp, Belize
Patricia A. McAnany

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Page vii
Part III: Prehistoric Cultivation, Landscape Modification, and Chemical Characterization 215
9 217
Intensive Raised-Field Agriculture in a Posteruption Environment, El Salvador
Christian J. Zier
10 234
Prehistoric Intrasettlement Land Use and Residual Soil Phosphate Levels in the Upper Belize Valley, Central
America
Joseph W. Ball and Richalene G. Kelsay
Part IV: Summary and Critique 263
B. L. Turner II and William T. Sanders
References 285
Contributors 325
Index 330

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Page ix
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figures
P-1. Geographical Loci of Volume Chapters xv
3-1. Schematic of Hopi Village and Environs 40
3-2. Schematic of a Hopi Garden Complex 43
3-3. Hopi Akchin Field and Common Facilities 48
3-4. Prehistoric Sites in Lower Rio Chama Valley 55
3-5. LA 48679; Study Unit 6 62
3-6. LA 48679; Study Unit 13 63
4-1. Map of the Gran Chichimeca 71
4-2. Maize in a House-Lot Garden 75
4-3. House-Lot Garden 80
4-4. Abandoned Garden Terraces 81
4-5. Rock Ring at Site Son K:4:20 OU 84
4-6. Parallel Rock Alignments at Site Son K:4:46 OU 86
4-7. Rock Wall at Site Son K:4:118 OU 87
4-8. Rock Enclosure at Site Son K:4:48 OU 88

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Page x
4-9. Low Rock Enclosure at Site Son K:4:144 OU 89
4-10. Composite Map Showing Stylized Mesa Top 90
5-1. Central Highlands of Mexico 94
5-2. Teotihuacan Region Settlement Pattern 96
5-3. Cerro San Lucas and the Village of Cihuatecpan 98
6-1. The Tuxtlas Region and Matacapan 124
6-2. Schematic Representation of Spatial Components of House-Lot Model 125
6-3. Simplified Plan of Contemporary House Lot, Northern Tuxtlas Region 133
6-4. Simplified Plan of Contemporary House Lot, Southern Tuxtlas Region 134
6-5. Topography and Mounded Architecture at Matacapan 138
6-6. Ceramic Distributions and Habitational Mounds, Area I 141
6-7. Ceramic Distributions and Habitational Mounds, Area II 142
7-1. The Western Tuxtlas 151
7-2. Formative Period Sites in Matacapan Area 156
7-3. Histogram of Pottery from Off-Site Squares 160
7-4. Histogram of Pottery Stratified by Spatial Zone 162
7-5. Histogram of Vessel Forms 165
7-6. Topographic Map of the Teotihuacan Barrio 170
7-7. Early Formative Refuse Densities, Teotihuacan Barrio 174
8-1. Belize, Central America 186
8-2. Shipibo Agricultural Tasks by Field Type 191
8-3. Kapauku Agricultural Tasks by Field Type 192
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