Table Of ContentGAMES IN OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
IFIP -The International Federation for Information Processing
IFIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the First World
Computer Congress held in Paris the previous year. An umbrella organization for societies
working in information processing, IFIP's aim is two-fold: to support information
processing within its member countries and to encourage technology transfer to developing
nations. As its mission statement clearly states,
IFIP's mission is to be the leading, truly international, apolitical organization which
encourages and assists in the development, exploitation and application of information
technology for the benefit of all people.
IFIP is a non-profitmaking organization, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers. It operates
through a number of technical committees, which organize events and publications. IFIP's
events range from an international congress to local seminars, but the most important are:
• The IFIP World Computer Congress, held every second year;
• open conferences;
• working conferences.
The flagship event is the IFIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited and
contributed papers are presented. Contributed papers are rigorously refereed and the
rejection rate is high.
As with the Congress, participation in the open conferences is open to all and papers may
be invited or submitted. Again, submitted papers are stringently refereed.
The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a working
group and attendance is small and by invitation only. Their purpose is to create an
atmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Refereeing is less rigorous and
papers are subjected to extensive group discussion.
Publications arising from IFIP events vary. The papers presented at the IFIP World
Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while
the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of selected and
edited papers.
Any national society whose primary activity is in information may apply to become a full
member of IFIP, although full membership is restricted to one society per country. Full
members are entitled to vote at the annual General Assembly, National societies preferring
a less committed involvement may apply for associate or corresponding membership.
Associate members enjoy the same benefits as full members, but without voting rights.
Corresponding members are not represented in IFIP bodies. Affiliated membership is open
to non-national societies, and individual and honorary membership schemes are also offered.
GAMES IN
OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT
IFIP TC5/WC5.7 Fourth International Workshop of the
Special Interest Croup on Integrated Production
Management Systems and the European Croup of
University Teachers for Industrial Management EHTB
November 26-29, 1998, Ghent, Belgium
Edited by
jens 0. Riis
Aalborg University
Denmark
Riitta Smeds
Helsinki University of Technology
Finland
Rik Van Landeghem
Ghent University
Belgium
'~·'
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Games in operations management: IFIP TC5/WG5.7 fourth international workshop of the
Special Interest Group on Integrated Production Management Systems and the European
Group of University Teachers for Industrial Management EHTB: November 26-29, 1998,
Ghent, Belgium I edited by Jens 0. Riis, Riitta Smeds, Rik Van Landeghem.
p. em. - (International Federation for Information Processing ; 42)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-1-4757-5306-6 ISBN 978-0-387-35506-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-35506-1
1. Operations research-Problems, exercises, etc.-Congresses. 2. Production
management-Problems, exercises, etc.-Congresses. 3. Management games
Congresses. I. Riis, Jens Ove. II. Smeds, Riitta. Ill. Landeghem, Rik Van. IV. IFIP
TC5/WG5.7 Special Interest Group on Integrated Production Management Systems. V.
European Group of University Teachers for Industrial Management. VI. International
Federation for Information Processing (Series); 42.
T57.6. G36 2000
658.4'034-dc21
00-028580
Copyright ® 2000 by Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2000
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher, Springer Science+ Business Media, LLC.
Printed on acid-free paper.
Contents
Preface Vll
Biography of the Editors ix
PART ONE Development of Games 1
1 Change Agent 007 -Licence to Simulate 3
Matleena Pankakoski
2 Possibilities of Multimedia in Business Process Modeling 15
and Simulation
Riitta Smeds, Tapia Taka/a, Paivi Haho, Matti Grahn,
Janne Jalkanen, Marko Nieminen, Ismo Hautala and
Antti Latva-Koivisto
3 From Manual to Multimedia: Development of an 25
Enterprise Game
Susanna Virtanen, Riitta Smeds, Matti Grahn, Janne
Ikaheimonen, Janne Jalkanen, Hanna Kervinen, Seppo
Laukkanen
4 Computer Games versus Experiments 35
Uffe Thorsteinsson
5 Reproducing the Management Process in an Educational 47
Context
Alastair Nicholson
PART TWO Games in a Manufacturing Environment 61
6 Measuring Simulation Based Change Management m 63
Manufacturing
Tapani Taskinen and Riitta Smeds
7 Choosing Appropriate Simulation Games in Industrial 77
Engineering Education: 25 Years of Experience at the
Centre for Industrial Management, K.U.Leuven
Ludo Gelders and Liliane Pintelon
8 Optimisation and Redesign of a Bicycle Production. An 87
Interactive Planning Game for Team Oriented Education
and Self-Training
Gert Zulch, Thomas Bogus and Uwe Jonsson
9 New Approaches for Training and Education of 99
Engineers by Using Simulation Games
Jens Hoheisel, FritlyojWeber, Gert Windho.ff
PART THREE Games in a Services Environment 111
10 Simulation Games in the Project Management 113
Environment
Juan L. Cano, Ruben Rebollar, Maria. J Saenz
11 "P an i c", a Computer Game for Training of Candidate 125
Physicians Confronted with Mass Casualty Incidents
Nicolas Muller, Patrick Martens, Peter Willen, Henri
Muller (-Malek)
PART FOUR Games for Teaching Organizational Values 137
12 The Trainability of Interpersonal Skills. Guidelines for 139
the Business Game Trainer
Eddy De Clercq
13 An Interactive and Experiential Game for Promoting 151
Organizational Values
Heini Ikiivalko and Miia Martinsuo
14 Integrated Implementation of Virtual Teaching to Support 163
Employee Qualification in Learning Enterprises
Harald Augustin and Christian M Thurnes
15 Preparing Employees for the Learning Enterprise through 179
Simulation Games
Sven Haferkamp, Shin Thomas, Klaus Henning
PART FIVE What's Next ? 193
16 Looking into the Future 195
Jens Riis
Preface
Learning has become a constant state of mind for most professionals in
today's organizations. However, to become a true Learning Enterprise,
organizations cannot stop at instilling this yearning for knowledge into their
collaborators. They must also capture and formalize the common know-how
of the organization, as well as provide time and infrastructure to allow
learning moments to happen. The aim of the Gaming Workgroup within IFIP
5. 7 on Integrated Production Management Systems and the European Group
of University Teachers for Industrial Management EHTB is to develop tools
and formalisms to support experimental learning in these organisations. It
has been proven that modelling the know-how, using visual environments
such as multimedia and graphic simulations, is a first step. This in tum
allows for the development of games, i.e. challenging settings that foster
group interaction and problem solving.
This book gives an excellent overview of the different game formats that
have been developed and tested in the past years, by the members of the
workgroup. Most games were developed toward industrial organisations, but
some of them are more widely applicable. The book is aimed at
organizational trainers, or anyone responsable for internal education in an
organisation. It will provide them with a good overview of state-of-the-art
game and training formats, as well as offer hints and advice on how to
organize interactive training sessions.
The workgroup members have presented their findings at a Workshop,
organized in october 1998, hosted by the University of Gent in Belgium. The
initiative was taken by prof. Muller from Gent and prof. Riis from Denmark.
The Workshop was organized by Riita Smeds (Finland), and chaired by prof.
Van Landeghem (Belgium). This book contains the proceedings of this
workshop, which have been extensively edited by their authors, based on
refereeing done by profs. Smeds and Van Landeghem. Typesetting support
from ir. Annelies Beuselinck is gratefully acknowledged.
The editors, profs. Smeds and Van Landeghem, wish to thank everyone
who has supported the creation of this book, with special thanks to Mrs.
Yana Lambert (Kluwer Academic Publishers) and prof. Riis for their support
in producing the book.
Gent, 7 november 1999
Biography of the Editors
Jens Riis
Jens 0. Riis is Professor of Industrial Management Systems at the
Department of Production, Aalborg University in Denmark. His research
areas include industrial management, technology management and project
management.
Riitta Smeds
Riitta Smeds is Docent in the field of Business Process Development at
Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Industrial Engineering
and Management, and head of the Enterprise Simulation Laboratory. She
also teaches Management of Technology at the Swedish School of
Economics and Business Administration. She holds a M.Sc. (Tech.), a
Lic.Sc. (Tech.), and a D.Sc.(Tech.) in Industrial Management from Helsinki
University of Technology. She is a member of the International Foundation
for Production Research IFPR, of the European Group for Organizational
Studies EGOS, of IFIP Working Group 5.7 on Computer Aided Production
Management Systems, and EuroCINet. She belongs to the editorial board of
the journals 'Knowledge and Process Management, The Journal of
Corporate Transformation' and 'International Journal of Entrepreneurship
and Innovation Management'. Her main research areas are management of
enterprise evolution, management of technology and innovation, business
process development, knowledge management, and enterprise simulation
methods.
Rik Van Landeghem
Prof. dr. ir. R. Van Landeghem holds a degree of Civil Engineer (Dipl-Ir)
in Electro-Mechanics (UG) and aM. Sc. in Industrial Management (UG).
He obtained his Ph. D. from the University of Ghent (UG) in 1984, based on
work performed at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (U.S.). He
worked several years in industry as manufacturing consultant and in
industrial informatics. From 1993 onwards he became full time professor at
the University of Ghent as Head of the department of Industrial Management
(Faculty of Applied Sciences). He is director of the CIM_CIL Technology
Transfer Center, a knowledge center for logistics and supply chain systems.
Prof. Van Landeghem is an expert in logistic systems and their
application in industry. As such he advised several companies in the choice
of logistic systems and design of their logistic organization. He has written
several articles on the subject. He is editor of a case book on Computer
Integrated Manufacturing, as well as co-author of a book on ERP
Implementations.
PART ONE
Development of Games
Change Agent 007 - Licence to Simulate
Matleena Pankakoski
Department ofI ndustrial Engineering and Management, Helsinki University of Technology
E-mail: [email protected]
Key words: game facilitation, tailored simulation game, training programme, work process
development
Abstract: This paper deals with the role and actions of internal change agents as game
facilitators. The paper describes a training programme called SIMNET for
training new game facilitators to use a work process development method
called the Work Flow Game. The Work Flow Game is an action-oriented,
tailored simulation game where the participants simulate their own real work
activities together. There were eleven internal change agents from nine
different organisations participating in the training programme. The results of
the training programme were evaluated by conducting a qualitative case study.
All participants were able to carry out their simulation games and most of the
projects gained results in terms of implementation of changes.
1. INTRODUCTION
This article aims at contributing to the less studied topic of the role of
internal change agents as game facilitators. Hartley et al. (1997, 62) state that
while there is a small amount of literature about the role of consultants and
change agents acting as external change agents or catalysts for an
organisation, the literature is less informative about those who try to develop
change from within the organisation. Furthermore, the existing literature has
tended to produce idealised lists of skills rather than actual roles, activities
and performance of change agents in practice. This paper describes a
J. O. Riis et al. (eds.), Games in Operations Management
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2000
