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title : Galen On Anatomical Procedures; : De Anatomicis
Administrationibus Provenance
author : Galen.; Singer, Charles Joseph
publisher : Oxford University Press
isbn10 | asin : 0199240167
print isbn13 : 9780199240166
ebook isbn13 : 9780585304809
language : English
subject Human anatomy--History, Human physiology, Anatomy--
history, History of Medicine, Ancient.
publication date : 1999
lcc : QP34.5.G35 1999eb
ddc : 612
subject : Human anatomy--History, Human physiology, Anatomy--
history, History of Medicine, Ancient.
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Page iii
Galen on Anatomical Procedures
De Anatomicis Administrationibus
Translation of the Surviving Books with Introduction and Notes
By
Charles Singer
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
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Page iv
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6DP
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence
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with associated companies in Berlin Ibadan
Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries
Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York
© Oxford University Press 1956
The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) Special edition for
Sandpiper Books Ltd., 1999
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by
law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organisation. Enquiries concerning reproduction
outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above
You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available ISBN 0-19-924016-7
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Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Bookcraft (Bath) Ltd, Midsomer Norton
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Page v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I OFFER my grateful thanks to the Wellcome Trustees who have made this research possible for me. I am grateful also
to the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum for publishing this work, and to the Wellcome Foundation for defraying
the printing and publishing costs. Dr. E. Ashworth Underwood, Director of the Museum, has taken great interest in the
work throughout and has made innumerable useful suggestions. I am very much obliged to Professor W.E. Le Gros
Clark of Oxford for many hints. He has provided me with bodies of Rhesus monkeys, as have both Professor S.
Zuckerman of Birmingham and the Zoological Society of London. My former pupil, Mr. Richard West of Clare
College, Cambridge, has made many dissections for me which have been of the greatest use and have saved me much
time. The editors and publishers of Professors Hartman and Straus's Anatomy of the Rhesus Monkey have graciously
given me permission to use a large number of figures from that work. My debt to Mr. J.F. Crace and Professor
Benjamin Farrington is acknowledged on p. xxv of the Introduction. To Professor A.J.E. Cave of St. Bartholomew's
Hospital Medical College I am particularly indebted. He has read the proofs, and has acted as my mentor on anatomical
matters. He has saved me from many errors, but those which will, in due course, be discovered by my critics are, I am
quite sure, not of his but of my own making. I am very much obliged to Mr. C.A. Earnshaw for the immense amount of
care which he has devoted to the preparation of the very full index.
C.S.
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Page vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements v
Introduction xiii
Book I
On Dissection in General and on Muscles and Ligaments of Upper Limb in particular
1. Galen's Reasons for writing 1
2. How to study the Skeletons of Men and Apes 2
3. Distinctiveness of Muscles and Neglect of the Ancients in dissecting Them 5
4. Certain of Galen's Differences from his Predecessors 9
5. Muscles of Flexor Surface of Forearm 12
6. Muscles of Extensor Surface of Forearm 17
7. Origins of Wrist Muscles 19
8. Insertions of Internal and External Muscles of Forearm 21
9. Small Muscles of Hand 23
10. Ligaments of Wrist and Hand 25
11. Extensors and Flexors of Forearm 27
Book II
On Muscles and Ligaments of Lower Limb
1. Why the Ancients wrote no such Books 31
2. The Particular Uses of Dissections 32
3. Why Anatomy is neglected or mistaught 34
4. Muscles of the Thigh inserted on the Tibia 36
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5. Muscles moving the Knee-joint 41
6. Muscles of the Hip 43
7. Muscles of the Leg 48
8. Muscles arising from the Fibula 51
9. Muscles of the Foot unknown to Galen's Predecessors 53
10. Some Ligaments of Leg and Foot 55
11. On the Nails 57
Book III
Nerves, Veins, and Arteries of Hand and Foot
1. Need for Anatomy of Surgically Accessible Parts 60
2. Precautions in removing the Skin 63
3. Nerves in Upper Arm 65
4. Nerves to Forearm and Hand 70
5. Veins of Axilla and Arm 74
6. Venesection 77
7. Deep Veins of Forearm 79
8. Deep Arteries and Veins of Arm 79
9. On the Care needed in investigating Nerves and Vessels 81
10. Nerves in the Thigh 83
11. Nerves of Leg and Foot 86
12. The Two Veins of the Leg 87
13. Arteries of Lower Limb 89
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Book IV
Muscles of Face, Head, Neck, and Shoulders
1. Function and Order of Anatomical Works 91
2. The Five Kinds of Muscles of the Mouth 93
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Page ix
3. The Six Kinds of Quadrupeds. The Lips and their Movements. 97
4. Masticatory Muscles 100
5. Discussion of Eye-muscles postponed 104
6. Muscles of Forehead and Neck, and Movers of the Head 104
7. Four Small Muscles behind the Skull and on the First Two Vertebrae 109
8. Movements of First and Second Vertebrae 112
9. Muscles uniting the Skull with Sternum and Clavicle 114
10. Muscles which move the Scapula 115
11. The Twin Muscles that open the Mouth 118
Book V
Muscles of Thorax, Abdomen, Loins, and Spine
1. Muscles uniting Thorax to Humerus and Scapula 120
2. Shoulder Muscles 124
3. Muscles moving the Thorax 127
4. The Intercostal Muscles 131
5. The Diaphragm 133
6. The Abdominal Muscles 133
7. The Abdominal Muscles continued 137
8. The Diaphragm again 140
9. The Lumbar Muscles 143
10. The Intrinsic Spinal Muscles 145
Book VI
On the Alimentary Organs
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1. Principles of Comparative Anatomy 147
2. The Three Kinds of Alimentary Organs 150
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