Galen and Chrysippus on the Soul: Argument and Refutation in the De Placitis Books II-III

353 Pages·1996·26.79 MB·English

by  Teun Tieleman

GALEN AND CHRYSIPPUS
ON THE SOUL
PHILOSOPHIA ANTIQUA
A SERIES OF STUDIES
ON ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY
FOUNDED BY J.H. WASZINK AND W.J. VERDENIUS
EDITED BY
J. MANSFELD, D.T. RUNIA
J.C.M. VAN WINDEN
VOLUME LXVIll
TEUN TIELEMAN
GALEN AND CHRYSIPPUS ON THE SOUL
ARGUMENT AND REFUTATION IN
THE DE PL4CIDS BOOKS 11-lll
GALEN AND CHRYSIPPUS
ON THE SOUL
ARGUMENT AND REFUTATION IN
THE DE PLACITIS BOOKS II-III
BY
TEUN TIELEMAN
EJ.BRILL
LEIDEN · NEW YORK · KOLN
1996
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
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ISSN 0079-1687
ISBN 90 04 10520 4
© Copyright 1996 by E.]. Brill, Leiden, The .Netherlands
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE.............................................................................................. lX
ABBREVIATIONS-NOTICE TO THE READER................................ Xl
GENERAL INTRODUCTION................................................................ xiii
1. Aim and Method of the Study............................................. xm
2. Galen and Greek Philosophy............................................... xvu
3. PHP Books II-III: Contents and Style................................... xxn
4. Plato, Hippocrates and Other Authorities........................... xxviii
PART ONE
GALEN: DIALECTIC AND SCIENCE
CHAPTER 1. Introduction................................................................ 3
CHAPTER 2. Galen on Scientific Method (PHPII 1-4) ............... 8
2.1. Types of Question................................................................. 8
2.2. Distinguishing the Options................................................ 11
2.3. Four Kinds of Premises....................................................... 12
2.4. Analysis and Attributes...................................................... 23
CHAPTER 3. The Seat of the Mind: Inquiry and Refutation
(PHPII 4-7) ................................................................................... 38
3.1. Introduction.......................................................................... 38
3.2. The Position of the Heart and Brain................................ 39
3.3. Embryological Arguments............................................... 45
3.4. Structure, <;>r Form................................................................ 47
3.5. The Heart and the Passions............................................... 53
3.6. Excursus: The Third Part of the Soul (PHPVI) .............. 55
3.7. Essence, Property and Sign............................................... 60
CHAPTER 4. Digestion and Respiration: Diogenes of Babylon
and Others (PHPII 8) ................................................................. 66
4.1. Introduction.......................................................................... 66
4.2. Two Peripatetic (and Stoic?) Arguments......................... 67
4.3. Diogenes' First Argument................................................. 79
4.4. Diogenes' Second Argument............................................ 87
4.5. Galen's Discussion: An Overall Evaluation.................... 101
CHAPTER 5. The Traditional Background.................................... 106
5.1. Two Passages from the Prior Analytics.............................. 106
5.2. The Tradition of Dialectical Topics.................................. 110
CoNCLUSION To PART ONE............................................................ 127
Vlll TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART Two
CHRYSIPPUS: DIALECTIC AND PERSUASION
CHAPTER 1. Preliminaries............................................................. 133
1.1. Introduction.......................................................................... 133
1.2. The State of the Evidence ................................................... 134
1.3. Some Modern Interpretations............................................ 138
CHAPTER 2. The Beginning of Chrysippus' Demonstration... 147
2.1. Galen's Polemical Procedure............................................ 147
2.2. Chrysippean and Academic Dialectic............................ 158
2.3. The 'Common Belief......................................................... 160
2.4. Passions and Synaisthisis: Traditional Ideas.................... 168
2.5. Chrysippus' Argument from the Passions..................... 174
2.6. Self-Perception and Oikeiosis: Academic Criticism....... 177
2. 7. The Passions and the Concept of Tekmenon.................... 185
CHAPTER 3. Chrysippus and Science........................................... 189
CHAPTER 4. Language and Related Phenomena....................... 196
4.1. Introduction.......................................................................... 196
4.2. The Heart as the Centre of Verbal Communication..... 203
4.3. Ego.......................................................................................... 206
4.4. Cases of Alleged Self-Contradiction................................. 215
CHAPTER 5. Poetry........................................................................... 219
5.1. Introduction.......................................................................... 219
5.2. Stoicism and the Poets........................................................ 220
5.3. Poetry and Articulation: Evidence from Other Sources 229
5.4. The On the Soul:. Some Aspects of Structure...................... 233
5.5. Thymos................................................................................... 236
5.6. The Passions and Spoken Language................................ 244
CHAPTER 6. The Argument from the Passions, Continued..... 249
6.1. The Argument Described.................................................. 249
6.2. Paradox ( atopia), Persuasiveness (pithanon) and
Inference.............................................................................. 255
CHAPTER 7. Chrysippus' Demonstration: A General Evaluation 264
7.1. Persuasive Arguments (pithana) in the On the Soul......... 264
7.2. Chrysippus, Carneades and the Levels of
Persuasiveness..................................................................... 273
CoNCLUSION To PART Two ........................................................... 288
BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................. 291
INDICES............................................................................................... 298