G Protein Coupled Receptors: Trafficking and Oligomerization

451 Pages·2013·10.252 MB·English

by  P. Michael Conn (Eds.)

METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
Editors-in-Chief
JOHN N. ABELSON and MELVIN I. SIMON
Division of Biology
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California
Founding Editors
SIDNEY P. COLOWICK and NATHAN O. KAPLAN
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CONTRIBUTORS
LuigiF.Agnati
IRCCSLido,Venice,Italy
TimothyAngelotti
DepartmentofAnesthesia/CCM,StanfordUniversityMedicalSchool,Stanford,California,
USA
AlisonI.Baillargeon
DepartmentofChemistryandBiochemistry,SienaCollege,MorrellScienceCenter,
Loudonville,NewYork,USA
JeffreyL.Benovic
DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,ThomasJeffersonUniversity,
Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,USA
RaffaellaBonecchi
HumanitasClinicalandResearchCenter,andDepartmentofMedicalBiotechnologies,and
TranslationalMedicine,Universita`degliStudidiMilano,Rozzano,Italy
MarcoBonomi
LabofExperimentalEndocrinologyandMetabolism,andDivisionofEndocrineand
MetabolicDiseases,OspedaleSanLuca,IRCCSIstitutoAuxologicoItaliano,Milan,Italy
ElenaBorroni
HumanitasClinicalandResearchCenter,andDepartmentofMedicalBiotechnologiesand
TranslationalMedicine,Universita`degliStudidiMilano,Rozzano,Italy
DasielO.Borroto-Escuela
DepartmentofNeuroscience,KarolinskaInstitutet,Stockholm,Sweden
GeorgeBousfield
StudiumConsortiumforResearchandTraininginReproductiveSciences(sCORTS),
Tours,France,andDepartmentofBiologicalSciences,WichitaStateUniversity,Wichita,
Kansas,USA
MartaBusnelli
CNRInstituteofNeuroscience,andDepartmentofMedicalBiotechnologyand
TranslationalMedicine,UniversityofMilan,Milan,Italy
A.Cambi
DepartmentofTumorImmunology,NijmegenCentreforMolecularLifeSciences,
RadboudUniversityNijmegenMedicalCentre,Nijmegen,andNanobiophysics,MIRA
InstituteforBiomedicalTechnologyandTechnicalmedicine,UniversityofTwente,
Enschede,TheNetherlands
CinziaCancellieri
HumanitasClinicalandResearchCenter,andDepartmentofMedicalBiotechnologiesand
TranslationalMedicine,Universita`degliStudidiMilano,Rozzano,Italy
xiii
xiv Contributors
BiceChini
CNRInstituteofNeuroscience,UniversityofMilan,Milan,Italy
FranciscoCiruela
UnitatdeFarmacologia,DepartamentPatologiaiTerape`uticaExperimental,Universitatde
Barcelona,Barcelona,Spain
JasonM.Conley
DepartmentofMedicinalChemistryandMolecularPharmacology,CollegeofPharmacy,
PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,Indiana,USA
P.MichaelConn
DivisionsofReproductiveSciencesandNeuroscience,OregonNationalPrimateResearch
Center,Beaverton,andDepartmentsofPhysiologyandPharmacology,CellBiologyand
HumanDevelopmentandObstetricsandGynecology,OregonHealth&Science
University,Portland,Oregon,USA
AvaisDaulat
INSERM,U1016,InstitutCochin;CNRSUMR8104,andUniversite´ ParisDescartes,
Paris,France
S.deKeijzer
DepartmentofTumorImmunology,NijmegenCentreforMolecularLifeSciences,
RadboudUniversityNijmegenMedicalCentre,Nijmegen,TheNetherlands
LakshmiA.Devi
DepartmentofPharmacologyandSystemsTherapeutics,andTheFriedmanBrainInstitute,
MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine,NewYork,NewYork,USA
JamesA.Dias
StudiumConsortiumforResearchandTraininginReproductiveSciences(sCORTS),
Tours,France,andNewYorkStateDepartmentofHealthandDepartmentofBiomedical
Sciences,WadsworthCenter,SchoolofPublicHealth,UniversityatAlbany,Albany,USA
KarinF.K.Ejendal
DepartmentofMedicinalChemistryandMolecularPharmacology,CollegeofPharmacy,
PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,Indiana,USA
KjellFuxe
DepartmentofNeuroscience,KarolinskaInstitutet,Stockholm,Sweden
PereGarriga
Departamentd’EnginyeriaQu´ımica,UniversitatPolite`cnicadeCatalunya,Barcelona,Spain
IvoneGomes
DepartmentofPharmacologyandSystemsTherapeutics,MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine,
NewYork,NewYork,USA
AchlaGupta
DepartmentofPharmacologyandSystemsTherapeutics,MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine,
NewYork,NewYork,USA
Contributors xv
SaadHannan
DepartmentofNeuroscience,PhysiologyandPharmacology,UniversityCollegeLondon,
London,UnitedKingdom
NobuakiHirota
DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,GraduateSchoolofMedicine,
TheUniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan
VincentK.Ho
DepartmentofAnesthesia/CCM,StanfordUniversityMedicalSchool,Stanford,California,
USA
Chang-DengHu
DepartmentofMedicinalChemistryandMolecularPharmacology,CollegeofPharmacy,
PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,Indiana,USA
IlpoHuhtaniemi
StudiumConsortiumforResearchandTraininginReproductiveSciences(sCORTS),
Tours,France,andInstituteofReproductiveandDevelopmentalBiology,ImperialCollege
London,London,UnitedKingdom
CarlM.Hurt
DepartmentofAnesthesia/CCM,StanfordUniversityMedicalSchool,Stanford,California,
USA
JoAnnJanovick
DivisionsofReproductiveSciencesandNeuroscience,OregonNationalPrimateResearch
Center,Beaverton,Oregon,USA
RalfJockers
INSERM,U1016,InstitutCochin;CNRSUMR8104,andUniversite´ ParisDescartes,
Paris,France
KusumamJoseph
DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina,
Charleston,SouthCarolina,USA
DongSooKang
DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,ThomasJeffersonUniversity,
Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,USA
MassimoLocati
HumanitasClinicalandResearchCenter,andDepartmentofMedicalBiotechnologiesand
TranslationalMedicine,Universita`degliStudidiMilano,Rozzano,Italy
RobertoMaggio
DepartmentofBiotechnologicalandAppliedClinicalSciences,UniversityofL’Aquila,
L’Aquila,Italy
MarioMauri
DepartmentofExperimentalMedicine,UniversityofMilan-Bicocca,Monza,Italy
xvi Contributors
*
PascalMaurice
INSERM,U1016,InstitutCochin;CNRSUMR8104,andUniversite´ ParisDescartes,
Paris,France
KevinR.Michalski
DepartmentofChemistryandBiochemistry,SienaCollege,MorrellScienceCenter,
Loudonville,NewYork,USA
GraemeMilligan
MolecularPharmacologyGroup,InstituteofMolecular,CellandSystemsBiology,College
ofMedical,VeterinaryandLifeSciences,UniversityofGlasgow,Glasgow,UnitedKingdom
NatsumiMizuno
DepartmentofCellularSignaling,andDepartmentofPharmacotherapyofLifestyleRelated
Diseases,GraduateSchoolofPharmaceuticalSciences,TohokuUniversity,Sendai,Japan
TeruyukiNagamune
DepartmentofChemistryandBiotechnology,GraduateSchoolofEngineering,andCenter
forNanoBioIntegration,TheUniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan
MotonaoNakamura
DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,GraduateSchoolofMedicine,
TheUniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan
HiroyasuNakata
DepartmentofBrainDevelopmentandNeuralRegeneration,TokyoMetropolitanInstitute
ofMedicalScience,Tokyo,Japan
KazunoriNamba
Otolaryngology/LaboratoryofAuditoryDisorders,NationalInstituteofSensoryOrgans,
NationalTokyoMedicalCenter,Tokyo,Japan
ManuelNarvaez
DepartmentofPhysiology,SchoolofMedicine,UniversityofMa´laga,Ma´laga,Spain
Miklo´sPalkovits
HumanBrainTissueBank,SemmelweisUniversity,Budapest,Hungary
MarcoParenti
DepartmentofExperimentalMedicine,UniversityofMilan-Bicocca,Monza,Italy
LucaPersani
LabofExperimentalEndocrinologyandMetabolism,andDivisionofEndocrineand
MetabolicDiseases,OspedaleSanLuca,IRCCSIstitutoAuxologicoItaliano,and
DepartmentofMedicalSciences,UniversityofMilan,Milan,Italy
EricReiter
StudiumConsortiumforResearchandTraininginReproductiveSciences(sCORTS),
Tours;BIOSGroup,INRA,Unite´PhysiologiedelaReproductionetdesComportements,
Nouzilly;CNRS,Nouzilly,andUniversite´ Franc¸oisRabelais,Tours,France
*
Presentaddress:FRECNRS/URCA3481,UFRSciencesExactesetNaturelles,Reims,France
Contributors xvii
CristinaRocchi
DepartmentofBiotechnologicalandAppliedClinicalSciences,UniversityofL’Aquila,
L’Aquila,Italy
WilberRomero-Fernandez
DepartmentofNeuroscience,KarolinskaInstitutet,Stockholm,Sweden
MarcoScarselli
DepartmentofTranslationalResearchandofNewTechnologies,UniversityofPisa,Pisa,
Italy
T.Schmidt
PhysicsofLifeProcesses,LeidenInstituteofPhysics,LeidenUniversity,Leiden,
TheNetherlands
TakaoShimizu
DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,GraduateSchoolofMedicine,
TheUniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan
TrevorG.Smart
DepartmentofNeuroscience,PhysiologyandPharmacology,UniversityCollegeLondon,
London,UnitedKingdom
DavidC.Smithson
OregonTranslationalResearchandDrugDevelopmentInstitute,Portland,Oregon,
USA
B.E.Snaar-Jagalska
CellBiology,LeidenInstituteofBiology,LeidenUniversity,Leiden,TheNetherlands
EleanorK.Spicer
DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina,
Charleston,SouthCarolina,USA
RachelSterne-Marr
BiologyDepartment,SienaCollege,MorrellScienceCenter,Loudonville,NewYork,
USA
TokikoSuzuki
DepartmentofCellularSignaling,GraduateSchoolofPharmaceuticalSciences,Tohoku
University,Sendai,Japan
AlexanderO.Tarakanov
RussianAcademyofSciences,St.PetersburgInstituteforInformaticsandAutomation,Saint
Petersburg,Russia
JohnJ.G.Tesmer
LifeSciencesInstituteandtheDepartmentofPharmacology,UniversityofMichigan,Ann
Arbor,Michigan,USA
BabyG.Tholanikunnel
DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina,
Charleston,SouthCarolina,USA
xviii Contributors
PhilipThomas
DepartmentofNeuroscience,PhysiologyandPharmacology,UniversityCollegeLondon,
London,UnitedKingdom
XufanTian
DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,ThomasJeffersonUniversity,
Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,USA
AlfredoUlloa-Aguirre
StudiumConsortiumforResearchandTraininginReproductiveSciences(sCORTS),
Tours,France,andDivisionofReproductiveHealth,ResearchCenterinPopulationHealth,
NationalInstituteofPublicHealth,Me´xicoD.F.,Mexico
RichardJ.Ward
MolecularPharmacologyGroup,InstituteofMolecular,CellandSystemsBiology,College
ofMedical,VeterinaryandLifeSciences,UniversityofGlasgow,Glasgow,UnitedKingdom
ValJ.Watts
DepartmentofMedicinalChemistryandMolecularPharmacology,CollegeofPharmacy,
PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,Indiana,USA
MeganE.Wilkins
DepartmentofNeuroscience,PhysiologyandPharmacology,UniversityCollegeLondon,
London,UnitedKingdom
GuangyuWu
DepartmentofPharmacologyandToxicology,GeorgiaHealthSciencesUniversity,
Augusta,Georgia,USA
Tian-RuiXu
MolecularPharmacologyGroup,InstituteofMolecular,CellandSystemsBiology,College
ofMedical,VeterinaryandLifeSciences,UniversityofGlasgow,Glasgow,UnitedKingdom
SatoshiYamaguchi
DepartmentofChemistryandBiotechnology,GraduateSchoolofEngineering,andCenter
forNanoBioIntegration,TheUniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan
TeruyasuYamamoto
DepartmentofChemistryandBiotechnology,GraduateSchoolofEngineering,andCenter
forNanoBioIntegration,TheUniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan
DaisukeYasuda
DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,GraduateSchoolofMedicine,
TheUniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan
PREFACE
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of val-
idated drug targets; mutations in GPCRsare the underlying causeof more
than 30 diseases. These plasma membrane proteins are utilized by cells to
mediate responses to sensory stimuli, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
Someestimatesarethatasmuchat4%ofthehumangenomemaybereserved
forGPCRs;thisistestimonytothelargenumberofusestowhichnaturehas
put these interesting and highly interactive molecules.
Understanding the relation between receptor structure and function
frequently explains the underlying pathology of disease and presents thera-
peutic and prophylactic opportunities. Accordingly, this volume provides
descriptionsoftherangeofmethodsusedtoanalyzetheseimportant signal
transducers andtheauthors explain how these methodsareable to provide
important biological insights.
Authorswereselectedbasedonresearchcontributionsintheareaabout
which they have written and based on their ability to describe their meth-
odological contribution in a clear and reproducible way. They have been
encouraged to make use of graphics and comparisons to other methods,
andtoprovidetricksandapproachesnotrevealedinpriorpublicationsthat
make it possible to adapt methods to other systems.
Theeditorwantstoexpressappreciationtothecontributorsforprovid-
ingtheircontributionsinatimelyfashion,tothesenioreditorsforguidance,
and to the staff at Academic Press for helpful input.
P. MICHAEL CONN
Portland, Oregon, USA
March 2012
xix
METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
VOLUME I. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME II. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME III. Preparation and Assay of Substrates
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME IV. Special Techniques for the Enzymologist
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME V. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME VI. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes (Continued)
Preparation and Assay of Substrates
Special Techniques
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME VII. Cumulative Subject Index
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME VIII. Complex Carbohydrates
Edited by ELIZABETH F. NEUFELD AND VICTOR GINSBURG
VOLUME IX. Carbohydrate Metabolism
Edited by WILLIS A. WOOD
VOLUME X. Oxidation and Phosphorylation
Edited by RONALD W. ESTABROOK AND MAYNARD E. PULLMAN
VOLUME XI. Enzyme Structure
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS
VOLUME XII. Nucleic Acids (Parts A and B)
Edited by LAWRENCE GROSSMAN AND KIVIE MOLDAVE
VOLUME XIII. Citric Acid Cycle
Edited by J. M. LOWENSTEIN
VOLUME XIV. Lipids
Edited by J. M. LOWENSTEIN
xxi