Table Of ContentStudies in Computational Intelligence 1037
Allam Hamdan · Arezou Harraf ·
Pallvi Arora · Bahaaeddin Alareeni ·
Reem Khamis Hamdan Editors
Future
of Organizations
and Work After
the 4th Industrial
Revolution
The Role of Artificial Intelligence, Big
Data, Automation, and Robotics
Studies in Computational Intelligence
Volume 1037
SeriesEditor
JanuszKacprzyk,PolishAcademyofSciences,Warsaw,Poland
The series “Studies in Computational Intelligence” (SCI) publishes
new developments and advances in the various areas of computational
intelligence—quickly and with a high quality. The intent is to cover the theory,
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· · ·
Allam Hamdan Arezou Harraf Pallvi Arora
·
Bahaaeddin Alareeni Reem Khamis Hamdan
Editors
Future of Organizations
and Work After the 4th
Industrial Revolution
The Role of Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Automation, and Robotics
Editors
AllamHamdan ArezouHarraf
CollegeofBusiness&Finance DepartmentofBusinessStudies
AhliaUniversity BoxHillCollegeKuwait
Manama,Bahrain KuwaitCity,Kuwait
PallviArora BahaaeddinAlareeni
InternationalCentreforCrossCultural MiddleEastTechnicalUniversity
ResearchandHumanResource NorthernCyprusCampus
Management(ICccRandHRM) Kalkanlı,Güzelyurt,KKTC
UniversityofJammu Mersin,Turkey
Jammu,JammuandKashmir,India
ReemKhamisHamdan
UniversityCollegeofBahrain
Manama,Bahrain
ISSN 1860-949X ISSN 1860-9503 (electronic)
StudiesinComputationalIntelligence
ISBN 978-3-030-98999-6 ISBN 978-3-030-99000-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99000-8
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Foreword
Humanitycontinuestoembracetechnologicaladvancements,withbothsignificant
challengesandopportunities.Recently,theFourthIndustrialRevolution,alsoknown
asIndustry4.0,unfolds.Itisbringingtechnologiessuchascyber-physicaldevices,
analytics,andtheInternetofThingsthatobfuscatetheboundariesbetweenthephys-
icalandthedigitalfieldsacrossallsectors.Whencomparedwithpreviousones,this
revolutionisdifferentanddistinctinitssize,scope,andcomplexity,bytremendously
transformingeverything.Itiscreatingamomentoustimeinhistorybychangingthe
way we live, work, and think, consequently, organizations and people cannot just
waittofindoutwhatwillhappen.
Thisrevolutionislargelydrivenbyemergingtechnologicaladvancements,such
asartificialintelligenceandautomation,theuseofbigdataanalyticsandcloudtech-
nologies,robotics,machinelearning,anddistributedledgers.Indeed,thesetechno-
logical advancements are pervading, drastically shifting the way value is created,
erasingborders,andfundamentallyshapingandalteringthelandscapeofthesociety
we are living in. These technologies are superseding any digital progress made so
farandestablishingactualitiesthatwilldisruptthebusinessmodelofalmostevery
sector and every economy. As with all previous industrial ones, the impact of this
revolutionisnotthesameacrosscountriesandcompanies,asitisdependentonthe
environmentorexistingtechnologicalenablers.
Sincethisconceptbecameacommonjargon,ithascaughttheattentionofscholars,
researchers,leaders,academicians,andgovernmentsacrossallcountriestofocuson
howthesetechnologiesaregoingtochangethefuture,andtovisualizetheroadmap
fornavigatingtheseprofoundchangesintheworldofwork.Thus,itisimperative
toinvestigatehowtheseadvancesintechnologiesaretransformingandalteringboth
organizationsandthelabormarket.
Thedeploymentoftechnologiessuchasartificialintelligenceinorganizationsis
expectedtoenhancetheirefficiencythroughreducingcostsandimprovingproduc-
tivityandthequalityofservicesandproductsofferedtoconsumers,thus,boosting
theircompetitiveadvantages.Organizationsareundergreatpressuretoautomateto
remaincompetitiveinthegloballandscape.Theyshouldunderstandhowthesetech-
nologiesmightimpacttheirindustriesandhowtheycanensureswiftnesstoadjust
v
vi Foreword
tothesechanges.Withtime,itisexpectedthattechnologybecomespartoftheDNA
ofeveryprosperouscompany.Iforganizationscannotadapttothischange,theywill
mostlikelyfallbehind.
Transformations and disruptions are also occurring within the global labor
markets.Withautomation,robots,andcomputers,somejobsmightdisappearwhile
newjobtitlesmightappear,leadingtogreaterinequality.Ononeside,whenrobots
takealljobs,humanswillbecomeunemployed,creatingseriouschallengesforthe
poor.Ontheotherside,dullworkwillbeeradicated,allowingpeopletofocusonmore
challengingjobs,producingamoreproductivesociety.Thus,organizationsneedto
addressthechallengesrelatedtoworkforcetransformation.Employersshouldensure
thenecessarytrainingofemployeestofilltheskillsgapsandworkersshouldfocus
ontheskillsneededtoremainagile.
Regardless,thisrevolutionwillimpactnearlyeveryindustryineverycountry.With
smarttechnologybecomingmorewidespread,itisimportanttoconsideritsimpact
on organizations and the workforce. So, will these changes improve or hinder the
futureoforganizationsandwork?Tofindtheanswer,thisbookexplorestheFourth
Industrial Revolution a bit closer, taking an in-depth look at its potential impacts
on organizations and the world of work. By connecting the dots across the most
importanttechnologieschangingorganizationsandwork,thisbookisathoughtful
guideforacademiciansanddigitaltransformationleadersinterestedinknowinghow
embracingtechnologiescanactivelyshapethefuture.Ultimately,thisbookprovides
apracticalroadmapforunderstandinghoworganizationscanintegratetechnologies
along with some insights into the real challenges that they will face as they make
thisdifficultbutnecessarytransition.Thisbookisastepforwardtobepreparedfor
thistransitionwithaplentymindsetandtocreateaprosperousfutureofwork.
Dr.RimElKhoury
NotreDameUniversity
ZoukMosbeh,Lebanon
Preface
Organizationsgloballyhavebeenexperiencingimmensetransformationduetothe
reinventionandredefiningofthebusinessmodelsduetothedynamicnatureofthe
business environment. Looking at an organizational context, undeniably, the defi-
nition of ‘work’ and ‘organizations’ is genuinely changing. Artificial intelligence,
Big Data, automation, and robotics are a few of those keywords that are seem-
ingly entering the workplace and reshaping the way work is being done. More-
over,thetransitionthatisbeingaddressedhereinnotonlyfocusesuponaspectsthat
areoperativewithinanorganizationliketheorganizationalculture,teambuilding,
networking, recruitments, and so on but also aims to address the external aspects
like supply chain management, value chain analysis, investment management, etc.
Broadly, every single step that is now taken is intensely experiencing this impact
uponitsfunctioning.
Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has also ignited the mindsets of leaders
in such a manner that they are now experimenting with ways and approaches to
reconfiguretheirbusinessprocessestoincorporateAI-poweredsolutionsintotheir
businesses, especially ones that require higher physical proximity. Moreover, this
timehasprovidedanopportunityformanagerstonavigatethroughchallengingand
uncertaintimesamidtechnologicalinterventions,createaresilientworkforce,seek
smartsolutions,anddrivecreativityandinnovation.Theinterlinkagebetweenpeople,
processes,andpurposethusneedscarefulattentionandintrospectioninlightofthe
AI-drivenbusinessapproachestoskilfullycatertotheneedsoftheorganizationsand
therebytheirgrowth.
Thus, this book takes a forward-looking approach by bringing in research and
contributionsthatfacilitateinmappingtheimpactofAIandBigDataonbusinesses,
thenatureofworkalongwithprovidingpracticalsolutionsforpreparingthework,
workplaceandtheworkforceofthefuture.Thisbookshallserveasaguidenotjust
totheacademiabutalsototheindustrytoadoptsuitablestrategiesthatofferinsights
intoglobalbestpracticesaswellastheinnovationsinthedomain.
This book includes 29 chapters by authors from several countries, all of
the chanters have been evaluated by the editorial board and reviewed based on
double-blindpeerreviewsystembyatleasttworeviewers.
vii
viii Preface
Thechaptersofthebookaredividedintofourmainparts:
DrivingInnovativeandCreativePractices.
SocialMedia,CommunicationandItsEffectsonSocietyandBusiness.
TheImplementationofTechnologyandtheFutureofEducationandKnowledge.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Cryptocurrency, Cybersecurity, Ethics and
CorporatePerformance.
The chapters of this book present a selection of high-quality research on the
theoretical and practical levels. We hope that the contribution of this book will be
at the academic level and decision-makers in the various education and executive
levels.
Manama,Bahrain Prof.AllamHamdan
KuwaitCity,Kuwait Dr.ArezouHarraf
Jammu,India Dr.PallviArora
Mersin,Turkey Dr.BahaaeddinAlareeni
Manama,Bahrain Dr.ReemKhamisHamdan
Acknowledgements TheeditorswishtodedicatethisworktoProf.AbdullaAlHawajtheFounding
PresidentofAhliaUniversityandthePresidentProf.MansoorAlaalifortheunconditionedand
continuoussupportofacademicresearch.
Contents
DrivingInnovativeandCreativePractices
Challenges of the Industrial IOT (IIoT) in Higher Education
intheKingdomofBahrain ......................................... 3
YusufJanahi
The Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Improvement
ofIndustrialMulticriteriaDecisionMaking: AModelDriven
ApproachforEmotionalIntelligenceTesting ......................... 19
SaraAmarandKarimArrhioui
RedesigningandReinventionofRetailIndustryThroughArtificial
Intelligence(AI) ................................................... 41
K.P.JaheerMukthar, K.Sivasubramanian,
EdwinHernanRamirezAsis,andMarthaEstherGuerra-Munoz
TheRoleofArtificialIntelligenceinHumanResources ............... 57
AbdulsadekHassan
Transforming into Smart Business: The Role of Artificial
Intelligence ....................................................... 81
SamiN.M.Abushammala, HussamF.Abushawish,
MahmoudO.Jalambo,andAshrafYunisMaghari
TheDynamicCapitalStructureDecisionofFirmsinIndonesia ........ 103
RazaliHaron, NajiMansourNomran,
andAnwarHasanAbdullahOthman
TheSuitabilityofGoldasaHigh-QualityLiquidAsset:Empirical
EvidencefromVolatilityStructureAnalysis .......................... 125
KamolaBayramandAnwarHasanAbdullahOthman
ix
