Fusion: An Introduction to the Physics and Technology of Magnetic Confinement Fusion - Second, Completely Revised and Enlarged edition

265 Pages·2010·2.683 MB·English

by  Weston M. Stacey

Weston M. Stacey
Fusion
An Introduction to the Physics and Technology of
Magnetic Confinement Fusion
Second, Completely Revised and Enlarged edition

Weston M. Stacey
Fusion
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Weston M. Stacey
Fusion
An Introduction to the Physics and Technology of
Magnetic Confinement Fusion
Second, Completely Revised and Enlarged edition
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V
Contents
Preface to the First Edition IX
Preface XI
Acknowledgments to the First Edition XIII
Acknowledgments XV
1 Introduction 1
1.1 BasicsofFusion 1
1.2 MagneticConfinement 3
1.2.1 ClosedToroidalConfinementSystems 4
1.2.2 Open(Mirror)ConfinementSystems 6
1.3 FeasibilityofFusion 8
1.3.1 ScientificFeasibility 8
1.3.2 EngineeringFeasibility 10
1.3.3 PracticalFeasibility 11
1.3.4 EconomicFeasibilityandFuelResources 11
2 BasicProperties 13
2.1 Plasma 13
2.2 ElectricandMagneticFields 14
2.3 PlasmaFrequency 17
2.4 CoulombScattering 18
2.5 CharacteristicTimes 22
2.6 Resistivity 23
2.7 Gyromotion 24
2.8 Drifts 25
3 EquilibriumandTransport 29
3.1 EquilibriumandPressureBalance 29
3.2 ClassicalTransport 31
VI Contents
3.3 NeoclassicalTransport 34
3.4 Fluctuation-DrivenTransport 35
4 ConfinementConcepts 37
4.1 MagneticMirrors 37
4.1.1 SimpleMirrors 37
4.1.2 Minimum-BMirrors 39
4.1.3 TandemMirrors 41
4.1.4 CurrentMirrorResearch 44
4.2 Tokamaks 44
4.2.1 ConfinementPrinciples 44
4.2.2 Stability 49
4.2.3 DensityLimit 52
4.2.4 MHDInstabilityLimits 52
4.2.5 ScalingofExperimentalEnergyConfinementTimes 54
4.2.5.1 OhmicConfinement 54
4.2.5.2 L-ModeConfinement 55
4.2.5.3 H-ModeConfinement 55
4.3 AlternativeConfinementConcepts 56
4.3.1 Stellarator 57
4.3.2 SphericalTorus 59
4.3.3 Reversed-FieldPinch 59
5 PlasmaHeating 63
5.1 OhmicHeating 63
5.2 NeutralBeamInjection(NBI) 64
5.3 WaveHeating 68
5.3.1 WavePhenomenainPlasmas 68
5.3.2 Waveguides 70
5.3.3 LaunchinganElectromagneticWaveintoaPlasma 73
5.3.4 Radio-FrequencyHeating 74
5.4 Compression 76
5.5 FusionAlphaHeating 77
5.6 Non-InductiveCurrentDrive 77
5.7 ITERPlasmaHeatingandCurrentDriveSystems 78
6 Plasma–WallInteraction 81
6.1 SurfaceErosion 81
6.2 ImpurityRadiation 83
6.3 ImpurityControl 87
7 Magnetics 93
7.1 MagneticFieldsandForces 93
7.1.1 LongStraightConductors 93
7.1.2 CoaxialLoopConductors 95
Contents VII
7.1.3 IdealTorus 96
7.1.4 Solenoid 99
7.2 Conductors 101
7.2.1 NormalConductors 101
7.2.2 Superconductors 104
7.2.3 StabilityandQuenchProtection 105
7.3 TokamakMagnetSystems 107
7.3.1 PoloidalFieldCoils 107
7.3.2 ToroidalFieldCoils 110
7.3.3 CoilInteractions 112
7.4 StructuralDesignCriteria 114
7.5 ITERMagnetSystem 115
8 TransientElectromagnetics 119
8.1 Inductance 119
8.2 ElementaryElectricCircuitTheory 121
8.3 CoupledElectromagneticCircuits 123
8.4 TokamakTransientElectromagnetics 124
8.5 EnergyStorageSystems 125
8.5.1 InertialEnergyStorageandTransfer 126
8.5.2 CapacitiveEnergyStorageandTransfer 130
8.5.3 InductiveEnergyStorageandTransfer 130
9 InteractionofRadiationwithMatter 135
9.1 RadiationTransport 135
9.2 NeutronMultiplication 139
9.3 NuclearHeating 140
9.4 NeutronRadiationDamage 142
9.4.1 DisplacementandTransmutation 142
9.4.2 MaterialPropertyChanges 146
9.5 Radioactivity 151
9.6 RadiationShielding 155
10 PrimaryEnergyConversionandTritiumBreedingBlanket 159
10.1 TritiumBreeding 159
10.2 BlanketCoolantsandStructuralMaterials 166
10.3 HeatRemoval,Hydraulics,andStress 174
10.4 PlasmaFacingComponents 181
10.5 ITERBlanketTestModules 185
10.6 FissileProduction 187
10.7 TransmutationofNuclearWaste 190
11 TritiumandVacuum 193
11.1 VacuumSystem 193
11.1.1 VacuumPumping 193