Fungi in Extreme Environments: Ecological Role and Biotechnological Significance

625 Pages·2019·14.972 MB·English

by  Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro, Martin Grube

Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro · Martin Grube
Editors
Fungi in
Extreme Environments:
Ecological Role and
Biotechnological
Signifi cance
Fungi in Extreme Environments: Ecological Role
and Biotechnological Significance
Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro • Martin Grube
Editors
Fungi in Extreme
Environments: Ecological
Role and Biotechnological
Significance
Editors
Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro Martin Grube
Department of Natural Sciences Institute of Biology
University of Michigan-Dearborn University of Graz
Dearborn, MI, USA Graz, Austria
ISBN 978-3-030-19029-3 ISBN 978-3-030-19030-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19030-9
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Preface
Over the last decades, scientists have been intrigued by the fascinating microorgan-
isms that inhabit extreme environments including extreme temperature, pressure,
salinity, pH, etc. They grow optimally under one or several of these diverse condi-
tions for their growth and are termed as extremophiles, which include acidophiles,
alkaliphiles, halophiles, psychrophiles, thermophiles, hyperthermophiles, radiore-
sistant microbes, barophiles, and endoliths. They thrive in habitats that are intoler-
ably hostile or even lethal to other life-forms. Based on technological advances, the
study of extremophiles has provided ground-breaking discoveries that challenge the
paradigms of modern biology. In view of the nearly unlimited reservoir of extremo-
philic organisms existing in nature and the exciting achievements of modern bio-
technology, there remains an enormous potential waiting for further progress in
synthetic biology, drug discovery, bioenergy, and bioremediation. It is envisaged
that biotransformations employing extremophiles will be increasingly exploited as
a useful and often a unique tool for biotechnological and industrial applications.
Extremophiles have been identified to belong mainly in the domain archaea.
However, extremophiles have also been identified in eubacterial and eukaryotic
organisms such as fungi. Most fungi that are able to grow or survive under extreme
conditions are in fact extremotolerant species, meaning they can also thrive under
mesic conditions. It is still unclear how many fungi might clearly grow better under
extreme conditions such as Wallemia ichthyophaga, which cannot grow without
salt. In any case, the ecological versatility of these extremophilic/extremotolerant
fungi may have potential impact in biotechnology. Fungi in general have played a
very role in addressing major global challenges, being instrumental for improved
resource efficiency, making renewable substitutes for products from fossil resources,
upgrading waste streams to valuable food and feed ingredients, counteracting life-
style diseases and antibiotic resistance through strengthening the gut biota (Lange,
2014: IMA Fungus 5, 463–471), making crop plants more robust to survive climate
change conditions, and functioning as host organisms for the production of new
biological drugs. This range of new uses of fungi all stand on the shoulders of the
efforts of mycologists over generations. The next in demand are regimes of enzymes
active under low-temperature conditions and enzymes active and stable at high
v
vi Preface
temperatures for decomposition of both plant- and animal-derived biomasses. The
expansion of commercialized enzymes from highly extreme ecological niches
therefore calls for new breakthroughs. Here, mycologists specialized in fungi
adapted to the extremes can contribute significantly. We follow the developments in
this area and see how contemporary technologies help scientists to achieve a better
understanding of biology at the extremes of life. This book builds on a platform of
knowledge generated through the combined efforts of scientists and academics in
the field of mycological research, where extremophilic fungi are seen as having the
potential to contribute significantly toward a more sustainable world. This book puts
together a rapidly growing and often scattered information on fungal life in the
whole range of extreme environments and explores their habitats, biodiversity, ecol-
ogy, evolution, genetics, biochemistry, and biotechnological applications in a col-
lection of exciting reviews and original articles. It is a comprehensive and reliable
source of information on the recent advances and challenges of extremophilic fun-
gal research and a dependable reference text for readers interested in this field of
research.
The book will be organized in five parts. Part I is designed to underpin the biodi-
versity, ecology, genetics, and physiology of extremophilic fungi. It is aimed to pro-
vide a sufficient overview of the fungal world found in extreme environments and to
enable readers to fully understand and appreciate the diversity of these organisms
and their metabolic capabilities. It reviews the literature on the diversity of fungi
growing at extreme conditions. The readers should soon come to recognize the ver-
satility of fungi, their ability to grow on a wide range of extreme environments.
Parts II and III explore the biotechnological potential of these fascinating organ-
isms. It introduces the variety of extremophilic fungi as well as their osmolytes and
enzymes. These parts also discuss the problems of experimental design associated
with extremophiles/extremotolerants in biotechnological implications and the chal-
lenges and possibilities of developing extremolytes and novel biomolecules for
commercial purposes. Several research programs have also focused on natural prod-
uct isolation from microbes dwelling in marine environments, which, in this book,
is defined as being in extreme environments with high salinity, extreme tempera-
tures, minimal light, as well as variable acidities and pressures. With improved sam-
pling, culturing, and molecular-based techniques, the number of bioactive
metabolites reported from marine fungi has increased significantly over the last 30
years. For instance, cephalosporins and plinabulin are bioactive compounds inspired
by marine fungal natural products and either have been clinically approved or are
currently in phase III clinical trials. An important area of research is the synthesis of
nanoparticles by halophilic/halotolerant fungi. These nanoparticles have found uses
in biomedical and environmental fields. It is expected that with the advancement of
the understanding of bionanoparticle synthesis pathways in fungi, the application of
bionanoparticles will expand to many more fields than biomedical and environmen-
tal and will be potentially applied in diverse nanotechnological industries.
Part IV is devoted to the applications of extremophilic fungi in bioenergy and
biofuel synthesis. Thermophilic fungi produce many thermostable enzymes that
are of biotechnological importance, particularly for degradation of lignocellulosic
Preface vii
biomass to make value-added biomaterials. This section reviews the function and
utility of thermophilic enzymes and highlights the potential application of ligno-
cellulose-degrading thermophilic fungi and their thermozymes in the extraction of
natural rubber and biofuels.
Part V examines the application of extensive degradative capabilities of extremo-
philic/extremotolerant fungi, particularly the harnessing of these properties in waste
treatment, bioremediation, and pollution control.
Dearborn, MI, USA Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro
Graz, Austria Martin Grube
Contents
Part I Biodiversity, Ecology, Genetics and Physiology
of Extremophilic Fungi
1 Diversity and Ecology of Fungi in Mofettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Irena Maček
2 Eukaryotic Life in Extreme Environments: Acidophilic Fungi . . . . . 21
Angeles Aguilera and Elena González-Toril
3 Ecology of Thermophilic Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Tássio Brito de Oliveira and Andre Rodrigues
4 New Perspectives on the Distribution and Roles
of Thermophilic Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Miriam I. Hutchinson, Amy J. Powell, José Herrera,
and Donald O. Natvig
5 Ecology and Biotechnology of Thermophilic Fungi
on Crops Under Global Warming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Robert Russell M. Paterson and Nelson Lima
6 Soil Microfungi of Israeli Deserts: Adaptations
to Environmental Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Isabella Grishkan
7 Extremotolerant Black Fungi from Rocks and Lichens . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Claudio Gennaro Ametrano, Lucia Muggia, and Martin Grube
8 Basidiomycetous Yeast of the Genus Mrakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Masaharu Tsuji, Sakae Kudoh, Yukiko Tanabe, and Tamotsu
Hoshino
9 Adaptation Mechanisms and Applications of Psychrophilic Fungi . . 157
Muhammad Rafiq, Noor Hassan, Maliha Rehman, and Fariha Hasan
ix
x Contents
10 Melanin as an Energy Transducer and a Radioprotector
in Black Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Mackenzie E. Malo and Ekaterina Dadachova
11 Fungi in Biofilms of Highly Acidic Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Martina Hujslová and Milan Gryndler
12 Global Proteomics of Extremophilic Fungi:
Mission Accomplished? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Donatella Tesei, Katja Sterflinger, and Gorji Marzban
Part II Biotechnological Applications of Extremophilic Fungi
13 Yeast Thriving in Cold Terrestrial Habitats:
Biodiversity and Industrial/Biotechnological Applications . . . . . . . . . 253
Marcelo Baeza, Oriana Flores, Jennifer Alcaíno,
and Víctor Cifuentes
14 Pharmaceutical Applications of Thermophilic Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Gurram Shyam Prasad
15 Biotechnological Applications of Halophilic Fungi:
Past, Present, and Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Imran Ali, Samira Khaliq, Sumbal Sajid, and Ali Akbar
16 Sporotrichum thermophile Xylanases
and Their Biotechnological Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Ayesha Sadaf, Syeda Warisul Fatima, and Sunil K. Khare
Part III Biosynthesis of Novel Biomolecules and Extremozymes
17 Deep-Sea Fungi: Diversity, Enzymes, and Bioactive Metabolites . . . 331
Muhammad Zain Ul Arifeen, Ya-Rong Xue, and Chang-Hong Liu
18 Bioactive Compounds from Extremophilic Marine Fungi . . . . . . . . . 349
Lesley-Ann Giddings and David J. Newman
19 Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles by Halotolerant Fungi . . . . . . . . 383
Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro
20 Cellulases from Thermophilic Fungi: Recent Insights
and Biotechnological Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Duo-Chuan Li and Anastassios C. Papageorgiou
21 β-Galactosidases from an Acidophilic Fungus,
Teratosphaeria acidotherma AIU BGA-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Kimiyasu Isobe and Miwa Yamada
22 Fungi from Extreme Environments: A Potential
Source of Laccases Group of Extremozymes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Om Prakash, Kapil Mahabare, Krishna Kumar Yadav,
and Rohit Sharma
Contents xi
Part IV Bioenergy and Biofuel Synthesis
23 Lignocellulose-Degrading Thermophilic Fungi
and Their Prospects in Natural Rubber Extraction from Plants . . . . 465
Shomaila Sikandar, Imran Afzal, Naeem Ali, and Katrina Cornish
24 Thermophilic Fungi and Their Enzymes for Biorefineries . . . . . . . . . 479
Abha Sharma, Anamika Sharma, Surender Singh,
Ramesh Chander Kuhad, and Lata Nain
Part V Bioremediation and Biosolids Treatment
25 Acidomyces acidophilus: Ecology, Biochemical
Properties and Application to Bioremediation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
Wai Kit Chan, Dirk Wildeboer, Hemda Garelick,
and Diane Purchase
26 Bioremediation Abilities of Antarctic Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
María Martha Martorell, Lucas Adolfo Mauro Ruberto,
Lucía Inés Figueroa de Castellanos,
and Walter Patricio Mac Cormack
27 Haloalkaliphilic Fungi and Their Roles in the Treatment
of Saline-Alkali Soil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Yi Wei and Shi-Hong Zhang
28 Potential Role of Extremophilic Hydrocarbonoclastic
Fungi for Extra- Heavy Crude Oil Bioconversion
and the Sustainable Development of the Petroleum Industry . . . . . . 559
Leopoldo Naranjo-Briceño, Beatriz Pernía, Trigal Perdomo,
Meralys González, Ysvic Inojosa, Ángela De Sisto, Héctor Urbina,
and Vladimir León
29 Thermophilic Fungi in Composts: Their Role
in Composting and Industrial Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607