Fundamentals of steam generation chemistry

358 Pages·2000·33.619 MB·English

by  Buecker, Brad

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FUNDAMENTALS OF
STEAM
GENERATION
CHEMISTRY
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FUNDAMENTALS OF
STEAM
GENERATION
CHEMISTRY
B B
RAD UECKER
Disclaimer
The recommendations, advise, descriptions, and the methods in this book
are presented solely for educational purposes. The author and publisher assume no
liability whatsoever for any loss or damage that results from the use of any of the
material in this book. Use of the material in this book is solely at the risk of the user.
Copyright ©2000 by
PennWell Corporation
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Tulsa, Oklahoma 74112-6600 USA
800-752-9764
[phone]
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Cover Designer / Book Designer: John Potter
Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Buecker, Brad.
Fundamentals of steam generation chemistry: a guide for operators,
engineers, and engineering students / by Brad Buecker
p. cm.
ISBN 10: 0–87814–750–0
ISBN 13: 978-0–87814–750–2
1. Steam engineering. 2. Feed-water. I. Title.
TJ275 .B827 2000
621.1--dc21
00–023790
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transcribed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical
including photocopying or recording, without the prior permission of the pub-
lisher.
Printed in the United States of America.
6 7 8 9 10 12 11 10 09 08
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D
EDICATION
This book is dedicated to God for giving me what writing talents I
may have,and to the memory of my grandparents,Julia and William
Spence, and my uncle, Paul Spence, for all the encouragement and
love they gave me throughout their lives.
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A
CKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to thank my friends at BetzDearborn,Drew Industrial,U.S.
Filter, Osmonics, Purolite, Jonas & Consultants, Sentry Equipment
Corporation,and Marley Cooling Tower for once again providing infor-
mation that I have used in a technical document.Particular individuals
from these organizations include Ray Post,Doug DeWitt-Dick,Steve
Dominick,Don Walter,Terry Heller,Lee Machemer,James Groose,and
Terry Dwyer,respectively.Special thanks to BetzDearborn for allowing
me to use so many of the wonderful illustrations from their water
chemistry handbook. Thanks also to the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers for the boiler and feedwater chemistry data
listed in Chapter 5.I would also like to acknowledge the Electric Power
Research Institute.At many of the water treatment and power confer-
ences I have attended in the last decade,one or more speakers will show
slides that contain data or diagrams originally produced by EPRI.
Because the information in these presentations is in the public domain,
references are often not provided. I used some of this public informa-
tion in this book, but in all cases that I could think of, I tried to
acknowledge the original source.
For those readers interested in attending water treatment and/or
power conferences, some of the best include the annual International
Water Conference held in Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,the annual Electric
Utility Chemistry Workshop in Champaign, Illinois, and the annual
Power-Gen conference hosted by PennWell Publishing in various
locations. If you need to learn more about steam plant chemistry or
operation,I would recommend all three.
I wish to once again thank my friends and former colleagues at
City Water, Light & Power, Springfield, Illinois. I learned a lot of
chemistry during my twelve years at this facility,in part because I was
allowed to work on many different projects.I will always be grateful for
the trust you showed in me and for your continued friendship.
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C
ONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
1 General Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 The Chemistry of Natural Water Supplies . . . . . . . . . . 35
3 Makeup Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4 Fundamentals of Steam Generation and
Sources of Contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
5 Chemical Treatment Programs for
Steam Generating Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
6 Monitoring Techniques & Control Guidelines. . . . . . . 225
7 Cooling Water Chemistry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
ix