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FUNDAMENTALS
OF MODERN
MANUFACTURING
Materials,Processes,andSystems
Fourth Edition
Mikell P. Groover
Professor of Industrial and
Systems Engineering
Lehigh University
The author and publisher gratefully acknowledge the contributions of
Dr. Gregory L. Tonkay, Associate Professor of Industrial and
Systems Engineering, Lehigh University.
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
E1FFIRS 11/03/2009 15:27:43 Page2
ACQUISITIONS EDITOR Michael McDonald
EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Renata Marchione
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Groover, Mikell P.
Fundamentals of modern manufacturing: materials, processes and systems, 4th ed.
ISBN 978-0470-467002
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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PREFACE
FundamentalsofModernManufacturing:Materials,Processes,andSystemsisdesigned
for a first course or two-course sequence in manufacturing at the junior level in
mechanical, industrial, and manufacturing engineering curricula. Given its coverage
ofengineeringmaterials,itisalsosuitableformaterialsscienceandengineeringcourses
that emphasize materials processing. Finally, it may be appropriate for technology
programs related to the preceding engineering disciplines. Most of the book’s content
isconcernedwithmanufacturingprocesses(about65%ofthetext),butitalsoprovides
significant coverage of engineering materials and production systems. Materials, pro-
cesses,andsystemsarethebasicbuildingblocksofmodernmanufacturingandthethree
broad subject areas covered in the book.
APPROACH
The author’s objective in this edition and its predecessors is to provide a treatment of
manufacturingthatismodernandquantitative.Itsclaimtobe‘‘modern’’isbasedon(1)its
balanced coverage of the basic engineering materials (metals, ceramics, polymers, and
compositematerials),(2)itsinclusionofrecentlydevelopedmanufacturingprocessesin
additiontothetraditionalprocessesthathavebeenusedandrefinedovermanyyears,and
(3) its comprehensive coverage of electronics manufacturing technologies. Competing
textbooks tend to emphasize metals and their processing at the expense of the other
engineeringmaterials,whoseapplicationsandmethodsofprocessinghavegrownsignifi-
cantlyinthelastseveraldecades.Also,mostcompetingbooksprovideminimumcoverage
ofelectronicsmanufacturing.Yetthecommercialimportanceofelectronicsproductsand
theirassociatedindustrieshaveincreasedsubstantiallyduringrecentdecades.
Thebook’sclaimtobemore‘‘quantitative’’isbasedonitsemphasisonmanufacturing
scienceanditsgreateruseofmathematicalmodelsandquantitative(end-of-chapter)prob-
lemsthanothermanufacturingtextbooks.Inthecaseofsomeprocesses,itwasthefirstmanu-
facturingprocessesbooktoeverprovideaquantitativeengineeringcoverageofthetopic.
NEW TO THIS EDITION
Thisfourtheditionisanupdatedversionofthethirdedition.Thepublisher’sinstructionsto
theauthorweretoincreasecontentbutreducepagecount.Asthisprefaceisbeingwritten,
itistooearlytotellwhetherthepagecountisreduced,butthecontenthasdefinitelybeen
increased.Additionsandchangesinthefourtheditionincludethefollowing:
(cid:1) Thechaptercounthasbeenreducedfrom45to42throughconsolidationofseveral
chapters.
(cid:1) Selectedend-of-chapterproblemshavebeenrevisedtomakeuseofPCspreadsheet
calculations.
(cid:1) A new section on trends in manufacturing has been added in Chapter 1.
iii
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iv Preface
(cid:1) Chapter 5 on dimensions, tolerances, and surfaces has been modified to include
measuring and gauging techniques used for these part features.
(cid:1) A new section on specialty steels has been added to Chapter 8 on metals.
(cid:1) Sections on polymer recycling and biodegradable plastics have been added in
Chapter 8 on polymers.
(cid:1) Several new casting processes are discussed in Chapter 11.
(cid:1) Sections on thread cutting and gear cutting have been added in Chapter 22 on
machining operations and machine tools.
(cid:1) Several additional hole-making tools have been included in Chapter 23 on cutting
tool technology.
(cid:1) FormerChapters28and29onindustrialcleaningandcoatingprocesseshavebeen
consolidated into a single chapter.
(cid:1) A new section on friction-stir welding has been added to Chapter 30 on welding
processes.
(cid:1) Chapter 37 on nanotechnology has been reorganized with several new topics and
processes added.
(cid:1) The three previous Chapters 39, 40, and 41on manufacturing systems have been
consolidated into two chapters: Chapter 38 titled Automation for Manufacturing
SystemsandChapter39onIntegratedManufacturingSystems.Newtopicscovered
in these chapters include automation components and material handling
technologies.
(cid:1) FormerChapters44onQualityControland45onMeasurementandInspectionhave
been consolidated into a single chapter, Chapter 42 titled Quality Control and
Inspection.NewsectionshavebeenaddedonTotalQualityManagement,SixSigma,
and ISO 9000. The text on conventional measuring techniques has been moved to
Chapter 5.
OTHER KEY FEATURES
Additionalfeaturesofthebookcontinuedfromthethirdeditionincludethefollowing:
(cid:1) ADVDshowingactionvideosofmanyofthemanufacturingprocessesisincluded
with the book.
(cid:1) Alargenumberofend-of-chapterproblems,reviewquestions,andmultiplechoice
questions are available to instructors to use for homework exercises and quizzes.
(cid:1) SectionsonGuidetoProcessingareincludedineachofthechaptersonengineering
materials.
(cid:1) Sectionson Product Design Considerations areprovided in manyof themanufac-
turing process chapters.
(cid:1) Historical Notes on many of the technologies are included throughout the book.
(cid:1) The principal engineering units are System International (metric), but both metric
and U.S. Customary Units are used throughout the text.
SUPPORT MATERIAL FOR INSTRUCTORS
Forinstructorswhoadoptthebookfortheircourses,thefollowingsupportmaterialsare
available:
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v
Preface
(cid:1) ASolutionsManual(indigitalformat)coveringallproblems,reviewquestions,and
multiple-choice quizzes.
(cid:1) A complete set of PowerPoint slides for all chapters.
These support materials may be found at the website www.wiley.com/college/
groover.Evidencethatthebookhasbeenadoptedasthemaintextbookforthecourse
must be verified. Individual questions or comments may be directed to the author
personally at [email protected].
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Iwouldliketoexpressmyappreciationtothefollowingpeoplewhoservedastechnical
reviewers of individual sets of chapters for the first edition: Iftikhar Ahmad (George
MasonUniversity),J.T.Black(AuburnUniversity),DavidBourell(UniversityofTexas
atAustin),PaulCotnoir(WorcesterPolytechnicInstitute),RobertE.Eppich(American
Foundryman’sSociety),OsamaEyeda(VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandStateUniver-
sity), Wolter Fabricky (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University), Keith
Gardiner (Lehigh University), R. Heikes (Georgia Institute of Technology), Jay R.
Geddes(SanJoseStateUniversity),RalphJaccodine(LehighUniversity),StevenLiang
(GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology),HarlanMacDowell(MichiganStateUniversity),Joe
Mize(OklahomaStateUniversity),ColinMoodie(PurdueUniversity),MichaelPhilpott
(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Corrado Poli (University of Massachu-
settsatAmherst),ChellRoberts(ArizonaStateUniversity),AnilSaigal(TuftsUniver-
sity), G. Sathyanarayanan (Lehigh University), Malur Srinivasan (Texas A&M
University),A.BrentStrong(BrighamYoungUniversity),YonglaiTian(GeorgeMason
University),GregoryL.Tonkay(LehighUniversity),ChesterVanTyne(ColoradoSchool
of Mines), Robert Voigt (Pennsylvania State University), and Charles White (GMI
Engineering and Management Institute).
Fortheir reviews of certainchapters in the second edition, Iwould like to thank
JohnT.Berry(MississippiStateUniversity),RajivShivpuri(TheOhioStateUniversity),
JamesB.Taylor(NorthCarolinaStateUniversity),JoelTroxler(MontanaStateUniver-
sity), and Ampere A. Tseng (Arizona State University).
For their advice and encouragement on the third edition, I would like to thank
several of my colleagues at Lehigh, including John Coulter, Keith Gardiner, Andrew
Herzing,WojciechMisiolek,NicholasOdrey,GregoryTonkay,andMarvinWhite.Iam
especially grateful to Andrew Herzing in the Materials Science and Engineering
Department at Lehigh for his review of the new nanofabrication chapter and to Greg
Tonkayinmyowndepartmentfordevelopingmanyofthenewandrevisedproblemsand
questionsinthisnewedition.Fortheirreviewsofthethirdedition,Iwouldliketothank
Mica Grujicic (Clemson University), Wayne Nguyen Hung (Texas A&M University),
Patrick Kwon (Michigan State University), Yuan-Shin Lee (North Carolina State
University),T.WarrenLiao(LouisianaStateUniversity),FuewenFrankLiou(Missouri
UniversityofScienceandTechnology),ValMarinov(NorthDakotaStateUniversity),
WilliamJ.Riffe(KetteringUniversity),JohnE.Wyatt(MississippiStateUniversity),Y.
LawrenceYao(ColumbiaUniversity),AllenYi(TheOhioStateUniversity),andHenry
Daniel Young (Wright State University).
Fortheiradviceonthisfourthedition,Iwouldliketothankthefollowingpeople:
Barbara Mizdail (The Pennsylvania State University – Berks campus) and Jack Feng
(formerlyofBradleyUniversityandnowatCaterpillar,Inc.)forconveyingquestionsand
feedbackfromtheirstudents,LarrySmith(St.ClairCollege,Windsor,Ontario)forhis
adviceonusingtheASMEstandardsforholedrilling,RichardBudihas(VoltaicLLC)for
his contributed research on nanotechnology and integrated circuit processing, and
colleague Marvin White at Lehigh for his insights on integrated circuit technology.
In addition, it seems appropriate to acknowledge my colleagues at Wiley, Senior
AcquisitionEditorMichaelMcDonaldandProductionEditorAnnaMelhorn.Lastbut
certainly not least, I appreciate the kind efforts of editor Sumit Shridhar of Thomson
Digital.
vi
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
MikellP.GrooverisProfessorofIndustrialandSystemsEngineeringatLehighUniver-
sity,wherehealsoservesasfacultymemberintheManufacturingSystemsEngineering
Program.HereceivedhisB.A.inArtsandScience(1961),B.S.inMechanicalEngineer-
ing(1962),M.S.inIndustrialEngineering(1966),andPh.D.(1969),allfromLehigh.Heis
aRegisteredProfessionalEngineerinPennsylvania.Hisindustrialexperienceincludes
severalyearsasamanufacturingengineerwithEastmanKodakCompany.Sincejoining
Lehigh, he has done consulting, research, and project work for a number of industrial
companies.
His teaching and research areas include manufacturing processes, production sys-
tems,automation,materialhandling,facilitiesplanning,andworksystems.Hehasreceived
a number of teaching awards at Lehigh University, as well as the Albert G. Holzman
Outstanding Educator Award from the Institute of Industrial Engineers (1995) and the
SMEEducationAwardfromtheSocietyofManufacturingEngineers(2001).Hispubli-
cationsincludeover75technicalarticlesandtenbooks(listedbelow).Hisbooksareused
throughouttheworldandhavebeentranslatedintoFrench,German,Spanish,Portuguese,
Russian, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese. The first edition of the current book Funda-
mentalsofModernManufacturingreceivedtheIIEJointPublishersAward(1996)and
theM.EugeneMerchantManufacturingTextbookAwardfromtheSocietyofManufac-
turingEngineers (1996).
Dr.GrooverisamemberoftheInstituteofIndustrialEngineers,AmericanSociety
ofMechanicalEngineers(ASME),theSocietyofManufacturingEngineers(SME),the
NorthAmericanManufacturingResearchInstitute(NAMRI),andASMInternational.
He is a Fellow of IIE (1987) and SME (1996).
PREVIOUS BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR
Automation,ProductionSystems,andComputer-AidedManufacturing,PrenticeHall,
1980.
CAD/CAM: Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing, Prentice Hall, 1984 (co-
authored with E. W. Zimmers, Jr.).
IndustrialRobotics:Technology,Programming,andApplications,McGraw-HillBook
Company, 1986 (co-authored with M. Weiss, R. Nagel, and N. Odrey).
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Prentice
Hall, 1987.
FundamentalsofModernManufacturing:Materials,Processes,andSystems,originally
publishedbyPrenticeHallin1996,andsubsequentlypublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,
Inc., 1999.
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Second
Edition, Prentice Hall, 2001.
Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems, Second
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002.
vii
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viii
AbouttheAuthor
Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work, Pearson
Prentice Hall, 2007.
Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems, Third
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007.
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Third
Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008.
