Table Of Content

Afshin Izadian Fundamentals of Modern Electric Circuit Analysis and Filter Synthesis A Transfer Function Approach Fundamentals of Modern Electric Circuit Analysis and Filter Synthesis Afshin Izadian Fundamentals of Modern Electric Circuit Analysis and Filter Synthesis A Transfer Function Approach AfshinIzadian PurdueSchoolofEngineeringandTechnology,IUPUI Indianapolis,IN,USA ISBN978-3-030-02483-3 ISBN978-3-030-02484-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02484-0 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018961400 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2019 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface The electric circuits are perhaps the fundamental step toward understanding complex electrical engineering concepts. A strong knowledge of circuit analysis leadstoadvancedtechniquesthataremovingtheindustryforward.However,the traditionalcircuitsasknownbymanyoftheeducatorshavechanged.Forinstance, mostofthecircuitsarenowbeingcombinedinIntegratedCircuitsandarebuilton chips.Strongprocessorsarenowaccomplishingmostoftheoperationsinsoftware and sometimes exceed performances that were previously just expected from hardware implementations. Therefore, although the principles of the circuit anal- ysisarestillrequired,theirimplementationisdrasticallychanging.Someexamples includeprogrammablelogiccontroller(PLCs),MP3players,videogames,modern video processors, vehicle’s electronic control units (ECU), and other industrial microcontrollers. Their data processing power, filtration of noise, and operations are all accomplished in the code they run. Not much of the hardware implemen- tationisexpectedexceptforthemicroprocessoritselfanditssupportingcircuitsto runinhardware. Inthisbook,theknowledgeofcircuitanalysisandthedesignofhardware-based filters and operational amplifiers are provided to lay out a rich background. However, the approach in the second half of the book is more toward the mathe- matical analysisofcircuits,theirtransferfunctions,closed-loopoperations,control actions, and filter applications. Numerous solved problems and end-of-chapter unsolved problems are provided to establish a strong background on circuits and emphasize theimportance ofthemoderncircuitanalysis.The analysisofcircuitin the frequency domain is limited to the Laplace transform as most of the signal processingcoursesoffertheirownbasicsofFouriertransform.Three-phasecircuits are also expected to be covered in the basic power systems courses where the analysisofathree-phasecircuitisneeded. v vi Preface Book Organization Thebookhas12chaptersthatcoverfrombasicsofelectriccircuitstotheadvanced Laplace and transfer function-based analysis. The book is designed to cover a two-semestercircuitcourse,asmostelectricalengineeringortechnology programs do.Thefirstpartcoversanintroductiontocircuits,components,voltageandcurrent laws, sources and waveforms, first order and second order circuits, and sinusoidal steady-state analysis. The second part covers topics including mutual inductance, Laplace transform, application of Laplace transform in circuits, transfer functions, passivefilters,operationalamplifiers,activefilters,andtwo-portnetworks.Insome engineering schools, operational amplifiers can be covered in the first part, in a lower-levelcircuitscourse. Indianapolis,IN,USA AfshinIzadian Contents 1 IntroductiontoElectricCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ElectricCircuitTopologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 HingedCircuits. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . 3 MeasurementUnits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ScalesandUnits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 MostCommonElectricCircuitSymbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 ComponentVoltageandCurrentLaws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 DefinitionofVoltage.. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. 9 DefinitionofCurrent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Resistor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Conductors,Insulators,andSemiconductors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 EffectofTemperatureonResistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Conductance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 SeriesConnectionofCircuitElements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ParallelConnectionofCircuitElements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 MixedConnectionofCircuitElements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Mesh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Node. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Ohm’sLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 KirchhoffVoltageLaw(KVL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 KirchhoffCurrentLaw(KCL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 EquivalentofResistorsinSeries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 EquivalentofResistorsinParallel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 PowerandEnergyinResistors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 DefinitionofaShortCircuit. . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. 25 vii viii Contents WhatIsanInductor?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 EnergyandPowerofanInductor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 EquivalentofInductorsinSeries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 EquivalentofInductorsinParallel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 WhatIsaCapacitor?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Ohm’sLawandCapacitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 EnergyandPowerofaCapacitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 EquivalentofCapacitorsinSeries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 EquivalentofCapacitorsinParallel. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. 35 Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3 WaveformandSourceAnalyses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 WaveformAnalysis. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . 43 ImpulseFunctionf(t)¼δ(t). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 UnitStepFunctionf(t)¼u(t). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 RampFunctionf(t)¼r(t). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 PowerFunctionfðtÞ¼AtnuðtÞ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 n! ExponentialFunctionf(t)¼Aeαtu(t). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 SinusoidalFunctionf(t)¼Asin(ωtþφ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 PolartoCartesian(Rectangle)Conversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Cartesian(Rectangle)toPolarConversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 MathematicalOperationofPolarandComplexNumbers. . . . . . . . . . . 57 AddingComplexNumbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 ProductofComplexNumbers. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 57 ProductofPolarNumbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 DivisionofPolarNumbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 SummationofPolarNumbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 SummationofSinusoidalFunctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 DampedSinusoidalFunction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 AverageofaSignal. . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. 63 RootMeanSquare(RMS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 IndependentVoltageSource. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 IndependentCurrentSource. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 DependentSources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 CircuitSimplificationTechniques. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 73 VoltageDivision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 CurrentDivision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 SourceConversion. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 75 TheveninEquivalentCircuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Contents ix NortonEquivalentCircuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 NortonandTheveninEquivalent. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. 80 PowerCalculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 ConsumptionofPower. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 81 GenerationofPower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 MaximumPowerTransfertoLoadinPureResistiveCircuits. . . . 83 Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 4 CircuitResponseAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Resistors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Inductors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Capacitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 OrderofaCircuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 First-OrderCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 NaturalResponse:RLCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 NaturalResponse:RCFirst-OrderCircuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 ForcedResponseofFirst-OrderCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 StepResponseofRLCircuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 ForcedResponseofFirst-OrderRCCircuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Second-OrderCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 NaturalResponseofRLCParallelCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 SummaryofRLCParallelCircuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 NaturalResponseofRLCSeriesCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 SummaryofRLCSeriesCircuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 5 Steady-StateSinusoidalCircuitAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 HowtoUsePhasorinCircuitAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 CircuitResponseStages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 ResistorsinSteadyState. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 PowerFactorofResistiveCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 InductorsinSteadyState. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 PowerFactorofInductiveCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 CapacitorsinSteady-StateSinusoidal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 PowerFactorofCapacitiveCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Resistive-InductiveCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 PowerFactorofResistive-InductiveCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 VectorAnalysisofRLCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Resistive-CapacitiveCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 UsingAdmittance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 UsingImpedance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 PowerFactorofResistive-CapacitiveCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 VectorAnalysisofRCCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 x Contents Steady-StateAnalysisofCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 RLCSeries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 RLCParallel. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. 156 Resonance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 PowerinSinusoidalSteady-StateOperation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 ApparentPower. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 ActivePower. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. 167 ReactivePower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Non-idealInductors. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . 169 QualityFactor(Qf). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Non-idealCapacitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 ModelasRCSeries. .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. 174 ModelasRCParallel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 DielectricHeating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 TheveninEquivalentCircuitsinSinusoidalSteadyState. . . . . . . . . . . 178 NortonEquivalentandSourceConversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 MaximumPowerTransfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 6 MutualInductance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Self-InductanceandMutualInductance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 InducedVoltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 EnergyStoredinCoupledCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 LimitofMutualInductance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 TurnRatio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 EquivalentCircuitofMutualInductance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 TEquivalentCircuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 ΠEquivalentCircuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 IdealMutualInductance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 IdealTransformer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 7 LaplaceTransformandItsApplicationinCircuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 MathematicalBackground. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 LaplaceofUnitStepFunction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 LaplaceofImpulseFunction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 LaplaceofRampFunction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 LaplaceofExponentialFunction. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 LaplaceofSinusoidalFunction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 LaplaceofCo-sinusoidalFunction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 LaplaceofHyperbolicSinusoidalFunction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 LaplaceofHyperbolicCo-sinusoidalFunction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 LaplaceofDerivativesofImpulse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 LaplaceofDifferentialFunctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Description:

This textbook explains the fundamentals of electric circuits and uses the transfer function as a tool to analyze circuits, systems, and filters. The author avoids the Fourier transform and three phase circuits, since these topics are often not taught in circuits courses. General transfer functions f

Fundamentals of Modern Electric Circuit Analysis and Filter Synthesis: A Transfer Function Approach PDF

521 Pages·2019·28.02 MB·English

by Afshin Izadian

#basic electric circuit analysis

Checking for file health...

Save to my drive

Quick download

Download

Download Fundamentals of Modern Electric Circuit Analysis and Filter Synthesis: A Transfer Function Approach PDF Free - Full Version

by Afshin Izadian| 2019| 521 pages| 28.02| English

Download Fundamentals of Modern Electric Circuit Analysis and Filter Synthesis: A Transfer Function Approach by Afshin Izadian in PDF format completely FREE. No registration required, no payment needed. Get instant access to this valuable resource on PDFdrive.to!

Free Download PDF

About Fundamentals of Modern Electric Circuit Analysis and Filter Synthesis: A Transfer Function Approach

Detailed Information

Author:	Afshin Izadian
Publication Year:	2019
Pages:	521
Language:	English
File Size:	28.02
Format:	PDF
Price:	FREE

Download Free PDF

Safe & Secure Download - No registration required

Why Choose PDFdrive for Your Free Fundamentals of Modern Electric Circuit Analysis and Filter Synthesis: A Transfer Function Approach Download?

100% Free: No hidden fees or subscriptions required for one book every day.
No Registration: Immediate access is available without creating accounts for one book every day.
Safe and Secure: Clean downloads without malware or viruses
Multiple Formats: PDF, MOBI, Mpub,... optimized for all devices
Educational Resource: Supporting knowledge sharing and learning

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it really free to download Fundamentals of Modern Electric Circuit Analysis and Filter Synthesis: A Transfer Function Approach PDF?

Yes, on https://PDFdrive.to you can download Fundamentals of Modern Electric Circuit Analysis and Filter Synthesis: A Transfer Function Approach by Afshin Izadian completely free. We don't require any payment, subscription, or registration to access this PDF file. For 3 books every day.

How can I read Fundamentals of Modern Electric Circuit Analysis and Filter Synthesis: A Transfer Function Approach on my mobile device?

After downloading Fundamentals of Modern Electric Circuit Analysis and Filter Synthesis: A Transfer Function Approach PDF, you can open it with any PDF reader app on your phone or tablet. We recommend using Adobe Acrobat Reader, Apple Books, or Google Play Books for the best reading experience.

Is this the full version of Fundamentals of Modern Electric Circuit Analysis and Filter Synthesis: A Transfer Function Approach?

Yes, this is the complete PDF version of Fundamentals of Modern Electric Circuit Analysis and Filter Synthesis: A Transfer Function Approach by Afshin Izadian. You will be able to read the entire content as in the printed version without missing any pages.

Is it legal to download Fundamentals of Modern Electric Circuit Analysis and Filter Synthesis: A Transfer Function Approach PDF for free?

https://PDFdrive.to provides links to free educational resources available online. We do not store any files on our servers. Please be aware of copyright laws in your country before downloading.

The materials shared are intended for research, educational, and personal use in accordance with fair use principles.