Fundamentals of Applied Pathophysiology: An Essential Guide for Nursing and Healthcare Students

638 Pages·2013·0.34 MB·English

by  Muralitharan Nair

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Fundamentals of
Applied
Pathophysiology
For all the students we have had the pleasure of working with,
helping them to develop their knowledge and skills.
SECOND EDITION
Fundamentals of
Applied
Pathophysiology
An essential guide for
nursing and healthcare students
EDITED BY
MURALITHARAN NAIR
Senior Lecturer, University of Hertfordshire
AND
IAN PEATE
Visiting Professor of Nursing, University of West London
Independent Consultant and Editor in Chief British Journal of Nursing
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
This edition first published 2013 © 2009, 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Fundamentals of applied pathophysiology : an essential guide for nursing and healthcare students / edited by
Muralitharan Nair and Ian Peate. – 2nd ed.
   p. cm.
 Includes bibliographical references and index.
 ISBN 978-0-470-67062-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Physiology, Pathological. 2. Nursing. I. Nair, Muralitharan. 
II. Peate, Ian.
 RB113.F86 2013
 616.07–dc23
2012028351
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be
available in electronic books.
Cover image: © iStockphoto
Cover design by Fortiori Design
Set in 10/12 pt Calibri by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
1 2013
Contents
About the series xiv
Contributors xv
Acknowledgements xvii
Copyright information xviii
Preface xix
How to get the best out of your textbook xx
Features contained within your textbook xxii
How to use the website xxiii
Introduction xxiv
Chapter 1 Cell and body tissue physiology 1
Anthony Wheeldon
Introduction 2
Anatomy of the cell 2
The cell membrane 3
Cytoplasm 9
Nucleus 9
Mitosis and meiosis 10
The organelles 14
Types of cells 18
Tissues 19
Tissue repair 26
Conclusion 27
Activities 28
Glossary of terms 31
References 35
Chapter 2 Cancer 36
Carl Clare
Introduction 38
Biology of cancer 39
Causes of cancer 42
Staging of cancers 46
Signs and symptoms of cancer 47
Treatment of cancer 48
Contents Fundamentals of Applied Pathophysiology
viii
Prevention of cancer 50
Examples of cancers 51
Conclusion 56
Activities 57
Further resources 60
Glossary of terms 60
References 64
Chapter 3 Inflammation, immune response and healing 66
Janet G. Migliozzi
Introduction 68
Infectious micro-organisms 68
Spread of infection 69
Types of infectious micro-organisms 73
The immune system 78
Organs, cells and proteins of the immune system 78
Inflammatory response 84
Conclusion 86
Activities 87
Further resources 90
Glossary of terms 91
References 95
Chapter 4 Shock 96
Janet G. Migliozzi
Introduction 98
Types of shock 99
Pathophysiology of shock 102
Stages of shock 103
Care of the patient in shock 105
Conclusion 107
Activities 109
Further resources 111
Glossary of terms 112
References 113
Chapter 5 The heart and associated disorders 114
Muralitharan Nair
Introduction 116
Location of the heart 116
Structures of the heart 117
Blood flow through the heart 119
Conducting systems of the heart 120
Nerve supply of the heart 122
Diseases of the heart 123
Conclusion 135