Fundamentals and Applications of Mo and Nb Alloying in High Performance Steels, Volume 2

288 Pages·2014·26.14 MB·English

by  Hardy Mohrbacher

Fundamentals
and Applications of
Mo and Nb Alloying in
High Performance Steels

Volume 2
Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on
Fundamentals and Applications of Mo and Nb Alloying in High
Performance Steels. Held in Jeju Island, South Korea. 24–26 April 2013.

Editor-in-Chief

Hardy Mohrbacher, NiobelCon, Belgium

International Organizing Committee

Hardy Mohrbacher, NiobelCon, Belgium
Isaac Cho, H2 Corporation, South Korea
Nicole Kinsman, IMOA, UK
Marcos Stuart, CBMM, Brazil
Caroline Gomes, CBMM Asia, Singapore
Copyright © 2015 Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração (CBMM)
All rights reserved

Published by CBMM and IMOA

Production work by The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS)

Editorial support provided by Beta Technology Ltd, UK
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as
permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior
written permission of CBMM.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts
in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or
completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by
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ISBN 978-0-692-34620-4

Printed in the United States of America.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Fundamentals and Applications of Mo and Nb
Alloying in High Performance Steels: Volume 2
Preface .................................................................................................................vii
About IMOA ........................................................................................................ix
About CBMM ......................................................................................................xi
Effects of Combining Niobium and Molybdenum in HSLA Steels:
From Austenite Conditioning to Final Microstructure ..........................................1
N. Isasti, B. Pereda, B. López, J.M. Rodriguez-Ibabe and P. Uranga
The Synergistic Effect of Niobium-Molybdenum Additions on the
Microstructure of Low-Carbon Bainitic Steel ....................................................29
B.M. Huang, J.R. Yang and C.Y. Huang
Effect of Molybdenum on the Precipitation Behavior in Titanium
Microalloyed HSLA Steels Part I – Precipitation in Austenite ...........................51
Sun Xinjun, Wang Zhenqiang, Yong Qilong and Dong Han
Effect of Molybdenum on Precipitation Behavior in Titanium
Microalloyed HSLA Steels Part II – Precipitation During γ→α Phase
Transformation ....................................................................................................73
Wang Zhenqiang
Solubility and Precipitation of Carbides Containing Niobium and
Molybdenum in Low Alloy Steels ......................................................................85
J.G. Speer, C.M. Enloe, K.O. Findley, C.J. Van Tyne and
E.J. Pavlina
Design of a Modular Alloying Concept for HDG Low-Carbon DP Steel,
Its Industrial Implementation and Experiences with OEM Parts ........................99
M. Calcagnotto, V. Flaxa, T. Schulz, S. Schulz and H. Mohrbacher
The Effect of Low Levels of Molybdenum in High Strength Linepipe
Steels .................................................................................................................125
C. Stallybrass, J. Konrad and H. Meuser
High Strength Pipeline Steels with Optimized HAZ Properties .......................141
S. Brauser, C. Stallybrass, W. Scheller and J. Konrad
v
Steel Alloy Designs for Control of Weld Heat Affected Zone Properties .........161
F.J. Barbaro, Z. Zhu, L. Kuzmikova, H. Li and J.M. Gray
Practical Advantages of Niobium and Molybdenum Alloying in the
Production and Processing of Forged Engineering Steels ................................179
F. Hippenstiel
Slip-Rolling Resistance and Load Carrying Capacity of
36NiCrMoV1-5-7 Steel ....................................................................................191
C. Scholz, M. Woydt and H. Mohrbacher
Tailoring the Microstructure for Microalloyed Carburizing Steels by
an ICME Approach ...........................................................................................215
S. Konovalov and U. Prahl
Technology, Properties and Applications of Niobium Carbide
Reinforced Steel and Iron Alloys ......................................................................227
H. Mohrbacher and D. Jarreta
Dissolution of FeNb in Liquid Steel .................................................................257
E.B. Cruz, D.P. Fridman, M.C. Carboni, R.C. Guimarães and
M.A. Stuart Nogueira
Common Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................267
Author Index .....................................................................................................275
Subject Index ....................................................................................................277
vi
Preface

Following the highly successful ‘Fundamentals and Applications of Mo and Nb Alloying in
High Performance Steels’ symposium, held in Taiwan in 2011, Companhia Brasileira de
Metalurgia e Mineração (CBMM) joined forces for a second time with The International
Molybdenum Association (IMOA) to organize this latest unique event in South Korea. Based
on per capita consumption, South Korea is the most ‘steel intensive’ country in the world and
features, prominently, in the current ‘top ten’ of global steel producers. It is the home base of
POSCO, a mega player on the world stage, the fast growing Hyundai Steel and many other
smaller but significant suppliers. South Korea features particularly strong and active steel
consuming industries, producing cars and trucks, consumer goods, heavy equipment, goods
for the oil and gas industry, as well as ships and offshore platforms. All these sectors require
high performance steels supplied as strip, plate, forgings or castings.

As a direct consequence of its rapidly increasing status in the field, South Korea also features
world-class steel research in a variety of prestigious universities and institutes. This
background identified the country as a perfect place to host a follow-up symposium dealing
with the important interactions of the key elements niobium and molybdenum.

Accordingly, the two-day symposium presented carefully selected, invited talks focusing on
aspects of niobium and molybdenum alloying along the processing chain and with respect to
particular applications. The presentations were organized into three sessions:

• The opening session ‘Physical Metallurgy’ covered some of the fundamental aspects
and effects of niobium and molybdenum as alloying elements in steel, based on
dedicated academic research;
• The session ‘Product Development and Applications’ then demonstrated the benefits
of niobium and molybdenum in state-of-the-art strip and plate products for use in
major industrial sectors, such as automotive, oil and gas and construction;
• The symposium also extended its scope beyond flat products, and innovative, diverse
and important developments in the forgings and casting areas were identified and
discussed.

This highly successful second symposium on Mo and Nb Alloying in High Performance
Steels was held on Jeju Island, South Korea in April 2013, with the additional support of
POSCO, Hyundai Steel and the Korean Institute of Metals. Twenty-one high quality
presentations detailed the specific metallurgical effects of both alloying elements in a wide
range of steels and alloys covering automotive, structural, pipeline, machinery and mining
applications. The audience consisted of 112 delegates from 16 countries, representing a total
of 60 companies and research institutes. These proceedings contain papers covering most of
the presentations held in the two-day program.

Hardy Mohrbacher
NiobelCon bvba
Editor-in-Chief
vii

The International Molybdenum Association (IMOA)
IMOA represents 85% of mine production plus all conversion capacity in established markets
and a growing proportion of production in developing markets, including significant
producers in China. It also represents traders, downstream processors, consumers and other
industry participants.

The Association is dedicated to serving the best interests of its members and works
continually to enhance the reputation of the industry. The key areas of activity are:

• Proactive development of existing and potential new markets around the world
through a network of technical, industry and application experts;
• Representing members in the increasingly global regulatory arena, engaging in
science-based dialogue in support of the adoption of appropriate levels of regulation;
• Collecting, disseminating and maintaining statistics on the molybdenum market,
excluding price and related information;
• Acting as a central repository of information about molybdenum, its properties, uses
and products.

In addition IMOA’s Annual General Meeting provides a secure forum for networking,
exchanging views and ideas to the benefit of a wide cross section of the industry – producers,
converters, traders, intermediate producers and users – within the bounds of international
competition law.

Tim Outerridge
Secretary-General
IMOA
ix

Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração (CBMM)
CBMM is the world’s leading supplier of niobium products and technology. The Brazilian
company earned this market position through more than four decades of ongoing investment
in processes and applications research across a wide spectrum of important end uses.

Fully integrated from the mine to final products, the company’s goals are not only to satisfy
the worldwide niobium demand in the form of ferroalloys, oxides and pure metal, but also to
provide a framework of technological development with the objective of identifying how the
element can be employed to maximum effect to enable industry to overcome many of today’s
major technical challenges.

CBMM is guided by this strategy and develops its business in a commercially prudent
manner, through sustainable growth and always conscious of energy savings, cost reductions
and environmental protection. Even though the company’s mineral resources are unrivalled in
quantity and quality, CBMM constantly strives to improve the flexibility and efficiency of
operations. The same approach is deployed to enhance the value that the effective, efficient
use of the element can deliver to customers.

The company’s niobium research and development program employs a strong technical
group to develop niobium applications. This group works with industry, universities, research
institutes and end users on diverse projects around the world, and pursues new partnerships to
explore and optimize the use of niobium.

Participation in this important symposium that addresses the mutual benefits of niobium and
molybdenum in high performance steels is testimony to CBMM’s commitment to continually
improve products through technological innovation and collaboration.

Marcos Stuart
Director of Technology
CBMM
xi