Functional neuroimaging in child psychiatry

453 Pages·2009·10.742 MB·English

by  Judith M. Rumsey, Monique Ernst, Joseph T. Coyle

Functionalneuroimaginginchildpsychiatry
Thisunprecedentedbookreviewstherecentrapiddevelopment
offunctionalneuroimagingtechniquesandtheirimplicationsfor
childpsychiatry.Itisuniqueinitsfocusonchildrenandin
integratingbrainmappingwithgeneticsandbehavioraltesting–
aninterfacethatislikelytobecomefundamentaltofunctional
neuroimaging.Presentingnewimagingtechniquesinlanguage
accessibletothenonspecialist,thisinvaluablereferencewillhelp
cliniciansandinvestigatorsto:
• understandthroughimagingthemechanismsofchildhood
psychiatricdisorders
• decidewhichtechniqueismostappropriatefortheirpurposes,
withrespecttotechnology,experimentaldesign,dataanalysis,
andethicalconsiderations
• appreciatetheroleofmoleculargeneticsandneuropsychology
inplanningbrainimagingstudies.
Coverageincludesdescriptionofnewbrainimagingstrategies,
recentadvancesandfutureapplicationsofneuroimagingfor
childpsychiatry,andtheapplicationtochildrenofimaging
techniquesusedinadults.Asbackground,anoverviewisgivenof
normalbrainandcognitivedevelopment.Linkingthelatest
Wndingsfromneuroimagingtoneurophysiologicmodels,this
bookisanessentialresourceforresearchersandclinicians
concernedwithneurodevelopmentaldisorders.
MoniqueErnstisAssociateDirectoroftheBrainImagingCenter
attheUSNationalInstituteonDrugAbuse.
JudithM.RumseyisChiefoftheUSDevelopmental
NeuroscienceofSchizophrenia,MoodandotherBrainDisorders
Program,ClinicalNeuroscienceBranch,NationalInstituteof
MentalHealth.

Functional
neuroimaging in
child psychiatry
Editedby
Monique Ernst
BrainImagingCenter,
NationalInstituteonDrugAbuse,Baltimore,MD,USA
and
Judith M. Rumsey
ClinicalNeuroscienceBranch,
NationalInstituteofMentalHealth,Rockville,MD,USA
WithaForewordby
JosephT.Coyle
Chairman,DepartmentofPsychiatry,HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,MA,USA
publishedbythepresssyndicateoftheuniversityofcambridge
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©CambridgeUniversityPress2000
Thisbookisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout
thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2000
Reprinted2001
PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge
Typeface Utopia8.5/12pt. System QuarkXPress®[se]
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata
Functionalneuroimaginginchildpsychiatry/editedbyMoniqueErnstandJudithM.Rumsey
p.;cm.
Includesindex.
ISBN0521650445(hb)
1.Pediatricneuropsychiatry. 2.Brain–Imaging. 3.Developmentalneurophysiology.
I.Ernst,Monique,1953– . II.Rumsey,JudithM.
[DNLM: 1.MentalDisorders–diagnosis–Child. 2.BrainDiseases–diagnosis–Child.
3.DiagnosticImaging–Child.WS350F9792000]
RJ486.5.F8652000
618.929890754–dc21 99–04455
ISBN0521650445hardback
Everyefforthasbeenmadeinpreparingthisbooktoprovideaccurateandup-to-dateinformation
whichisinaccordwithacceptedstandardsandpracticeatthetimeofpublication.Nevertheless,
theauthors,editorsandpublishercanmakenowarrantiesthattheinformationcontainedherein
istotallyfreefromerror,notleastbecauseclinicalstandardsareconstantlychangingthrough
researchandregulation.Theauthors,editorsandpublisherthereforedisclaimallliabilityfordirect
orconsequentialdamagesresultingfromtheuseofmaterialcontainedinthisbook.Readersare
stronglyadvisedtopaycarefulattentiontoinformationprovidedbythemanufacturerofanydrugs
orequipmentthattheyplantouse.
TheviewsstatedhereindonotnecessarilyrepresenttheofficialviewsoftheNationalInstitute
onDrugAbuse,theNationalInstituteofMentalHealth,theNationalInstitutesofHealthnorthe
DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,noranyotheragencyoftheUnitedStates
government.
Contents
Listofcontributors pagevii
Preface xi
Foreword xiii
JosephT.Coyle
Part1 Techniquesoffunctionalimaging
1 FunctionalbrainimagingwithPETandSPECT 3
PeterHerscovitchandMoniqueErnst
2 ModelingofreceptorimagesinPETandSPECT 27
EvanD.Morris,RaymondF.MuzicJr,
BradleyC.Christian,ChristopherJ.Endresand
RonaldE.Fisher
3 Functionalmagneticresonanceimaging 45
GuinevereF.EdenandThomasA.ZeYro
4 MRSinchildhoodpsychiatricdisorders 59
DeborahA.Yurgelun-ToddandPerryF.Renshaw
5 Magnetoencephalography 77
DonaldC.Rojas,PeterD.TealeandMartinL.Reite
Part2 Ethicalfoundations
6 Ethicalissuesinneuroimagingresearchwith 99
children
L.EugeneArnold,AlanJ.Zametkin,Lauren
CaravellaandNicoleKorbly
Part3 Normaldevelopment
7 Braindevelopmentandevolution 113
ManuelF.Casanova,DanielBuxhoevedenand
GurkirpalS.Sohal
v
vi Contents
8 Cognitivedevelopmentfroma 137 17 Eatingdisorders 298
neuropsychologicperspective UttomChowdhury,IskyGordonandBryanLask
DaisyM.PascualvacaandGloriaMorote
9 Cognitiveandbehavioralprobesof 155
Part5 Futuredirections
developmentallandmarksforuseinfunctional
neuroimaging
18 Techniquesofmoleculargenetics 315
B.J.Casey,KathleenM.Thomas,TomihisaF.Welsh,
DavidJ.Vandenbergh
RonaLivnatandClaytonH.Eccard
19 Issuesinthegeneticstudyofcomplex 328
neurobehavioralconditions
Part4 Psychiatricdisorders DavidL.Pauls
20 Theduplicityofplasticity:aconceptual 335
10 Autism 171
approachtothestudyofearlylesionsand
DianeC.Chugani
developmentaldisorders
11 Functionalimaginginchildhood-onset 189 Ralph-AxelMüllerandEricCourchesne
schizophrenia
21 UtilityofCANTABinfunctional 366
LeslieK.JacobsenandAlessandroBertolino
neuroimaging
12 Pediatricmooddisordersandneuroimaging 205 AndyC.H.Lee,AdrianM.Owen,
RobertA.Kowatch,PabloA.Davanzoand RobertD.Rogers,BarbaraJ.Sahakianand
GrahamJ.Emslie TrevorW.Robbins
13 Neuroimagingofchildhood-onsetanxiety 224 22 Neurodevelopmentalassessmentofcognitive 379
disorders functionusingCANTAB:validationand
DavidR.Rosenberg,LoriAnneD.Paulson, futuregoals
FrankP.MacMasterandGregoryJ.Moore MonicaLucianaandCharlesA.Nelson
14 Tourette’ssyndrome:whatarewereallyimaging? 242 23 Functionalneuroimaginginchildpsychiatry: 398
BradleyS.PetersonandPrakashThomas futuredirections
MoniqueErnstandJudithM.Rumsey
15 Dyslexia:conceptualissuesandpsychiatric 266
comorbidity
Glossary 408
FrankB.WoodandD.LynnFlowers
Index 418
16 Attention-deficithyperactivitydisorder: 278
neuroimagingandbehavioral/cognitiveprobes Colour plates between pp. 82 and pp. 83 and between
JulieB.Schweitzer,CarlAndersonand pp.242andpp.243
MoniqueErnst
Contributors
CarlAnderson
DepartmentofPsychiatry,HarvardMedicalSchool,
Boston,MA,USA
L.EugeneArnold
ProfessorEmeritusofPsychiatry,OhioStateUniversity,
Columbus,OH43210,USA
AlessandroBertolino
ClinicalBrainDisordersBranch,NationalInstituteof
MentalHealth,NIH,Bethesda,MD20892,USA
DanielBuxhoeveden
MedicalCollegeofGeorgia,Augusta,GA30910,USA
LaurenCaravella
NationalInstituteofMentalHealth,NIH,Bethesda,MD
10892,USA
ManuelF.Casanova
MedicalCollegeofGeorgia,Augusta,GA30910,USA
B.J.Casey
SacklerInstituteforDevelopmentalPsychobiology,Weill
MedicalCollegeofCornellUniversity,NewYork,NY
10021,USA
UttomChowdhury
DepartmentofPsychologicalMedicine,GreatOrmond
StreetHospitalforChildren,LondonWCIN3JH,UK
BradleyC.Christian
WrightStateUniversityandKetteringMemorialHospital,
Kettering,OH45429,USA
DianeC.Chugani
WayneStateUniversityandChildren’sHospitalof
MichiganPETCenter,Detroit,MI48201,USA
EricCourchesne
DepartmentofNeurosciencesandtheChildren’sHospital
ResearchCenterfortheNeuroscienceofAutism,
UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,CA92037,USA
vii
viii Listofcontributors
PabloA.Davanzo RonaLivnat
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA DepartmentofPsychiatry,UniversityofPittsburgh,
Pittsburgh,PA15213,USA
ClaytonH.Eccard
DepartmentofPsychiatry,UniversityofPittsburgh, MonicaLuciana
Pittsburgh,PA15213,USA DepartmentofPsychologyandInstituteofChild
Development,UniversityofMinnesota,Minneapolis,MN
GuinevereF.Eden
55455,USA
InstituteforCognitiveandComputationalSciences,
GeorgetownUniversityMedicalCenter,Washington,DC FrankP.MacMaster
20007-2197,USA WayneStateUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Department
ofPsychiatryandBehavioralNeurosciences,Detroit,MI
GrahamJ.Emslie
48201,USA
DepartmentofPsychiatry,SouthWesternMedicalCenter
atDallas,Dallas,TX75235-9070,USA GregoryJ.Moore
WayneStateUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Department
ChristopherJ.Endres
ofPsychiatryandBehavioralNeurosciences,Detroit,MI
JohnsHopkinsUniversity,Baltimore,MD,USA
48201,USA
MoniqueErnst
GloriaMorote
BrainImagingCenter,NationalInstituteonDrugAbuse,
PsychiatricAssociatesofAlexandria,Alexandria,VA
Baltimore,MD21224,USA
22314,USA
RonaldE.Fisher
EvanD.Morris
BaylorCollegeofMedicine(Houston)andVeteransAVairs
SensorSystems,Sterling,VA,USA
Hospital,Houston,TX,USA
Ralph-AxelMüller
D.LynnFlowers
DepartmentofCognitiveScienceandtheChildren’s
DepartmentofNeurology,BowmanGraySchoolof
HospitalResearchCenterfortheNeuroscienceofAutism,
Medicine,WinstonSalem,NC27157-1043,USA
UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,CA92037,USA
IskyGordon
RaymondF.MuzicJr
GreatOrmondStreetHospitalforChildren,London,
CaseWesternReserveUniversityandUniversityHospital
WCIN3JH,UK
ofCleveland,OH44106,USA
PeterHerscovitch
CharlesA.Nelson
NIHClinicalCenter,NationalInstitutesofHealth,
DepartmentofPediatricsandInstituteofChild
Bethesda,MD20892-1180,USA
Development,UniversityofMinnesota,Minneapolis,MN
LeslieK.Jacobsen 55455,USA
DepartmentofPsychiatry,YaleSchoolofMedicine,West
AdrianM.Owen
Haven,CT06516,USA
WolfsonBrainImagingCentre,Cambridge,UK
NicoleKorbly
DaisyM.Pascualvaca
NationalInstituteofMentalHealth,NIH,Bethesda,MD
SectiononClinicalandExperimentalNeuropsychology,
10892,USA
LaboratoryofBrainCognition,NationalInstituteof
RobertA.Kowatch MentalHealth,Bethesda,MD20892,USA
DepartmentofPsychiatry,SouthWesternMedicalCenter
DavidL.Pauls
atDallas,Dallas,TX5235-9070,USA
ChildStudyCenter,YaleUniversitySchoolofMedicine,
BryanLask NewHaven,CT06150,USA
GreatOrmondStreetHospitalforChildren,London
LoriAnneD.Paulson
WCIN3JH,UK
WayneStateUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Department
AndyC.H.Lee ofPsychiatryandBehavioralNeurosciences,Detroit,MI
DepartmentofExperimentalPsychology,Universityof 48201,USA
Cambridge,CambridgeCB23EB,UK
Listofcontributors ix
BradleyS.Peterson GurkirpalS.Sohal
YaleChildStudyCenter,NewHaven,CT06520,USA MedicalCollegeofGeorgia,Augusta,GA30910,USA
MartinL.Reite PeterD.Teale
UniversityofColoradoHealthSciencesandDenver UniversityofColoradoHealthSciences,Denver,CO
VeteransAVairsMedicalCenter,Denver,CO80262,USA 80262,USA
PerryF.Renshaw KathleenM.Thomas
BrainImagingCenter,Belmont,MA02178,USA DepartmentofPsychiatry,UniversityofPittsburgh,
Pittsburgh,PA15213,USA
TrevorW.Robbins
DepartmentofExperimentalPsychology,Universityof PrakashThomas
CambridgeandtheMRCCognitiveandBrainSciences YaleUniversity,NewHaven,CT06520,USA
Unit,CambridgeCB23EB,UK
DavidJ.Vandenbergh
RobertD.Rogers CenterforDevelopmentalandHealthGeneticsand
DepartmentofExperimentalPsychology,Universityof DepartmentofBiobehavioralHealth,ThePennsylvania
Cambridge,CambridgeCB23EB,UK StateUniversity,Philadelphia,PA16802,USA
DonaldC.Rojas TomihisaF.Welsh
UniversityofColoradoHealthSciencesCenter,Denver, DepartmentofPsychiatry,UniversityofPittsburgh,
CO80262,USA Pittsburgh,PA15213,USA
DavidR.Rosenberg FrankB.Wood
WayneStateUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Department SectionofNeuropsychology,WakeForestUniversity
ofPsychiatryandBehavioralNeurosciences,Detroit,MI BaptistMedicalCenter,WinstonSalem,NC27157-1043,
48201,USA USA
JudithM.Rumsey DeborahA.Yurgelun-Todd
ClinicalNeuroscienceBranch,NationalInstituteof BrainImagingCenter,McLeanHospitalandHarvard
MentalHealth,Rockville,MD20857,USA MedicalSchool,Boston,MA,USA
BarbaraJ.Sahakian AlanJ.Zametkin
DepartmentofPsychiatry,UniversityofCambridge, DivisionofIntramuralResearch,ChildPsychiatryBranch,
Cambridge,UK NationalInstituteofMentalHealth,NIH,Bethesda,MD
20892,USA
JulieB.Schweitzer
MarylandPsychiatricResearchCenter,Universityof ThomasA.ZeYro
Maryland,Baltimore,MD21228,USA SensorSystems,Sterling,VA20164,USA