Table Of ContentFRONTIERS IN
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH
PROGRESS IN EXPERIMENTAL
CARDIOLOGY
Edited by Naranjan S. Dhalla, Ph.D., M.D. (Hon.), D.Se. (Hon.)
1. S. Mochizuki, N. Takeda, M. Nagano, N.S. Dhalla (eds.): The Ischemic Heart. 1998.
ISBN 0-7923-8105-X
2. N.S. Dhalla, P Zahradka, I. Dixon, R. Beamish (eds.): Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade: Physiological
and Clinical Implications. 1998.
ISBN 0-7923-8147-5
3. N. Takeda, M. Nagano, N.S. Dhalla (eds.): The Hypertrophied Heart. 2000.
ISBN 0-7923-7741-9
4. B. Ostadal, M. Nagano, N.S. Dhalla (eds.): Cardiac Development. 2002.
ISBN 1-4020-7052-7
5. P Singal, I. Dixon, L. Kirshenbaum, N.S. Dhalla (eds.): Cardiac Remodeling and Failure. 2002.
ISBN 1-4020-7177-9
6. N.S. Dhalla, N. Takeda, M. Singh, A. Lukas (eds.): Myocardial Ischemia and Preconditioning. 2002.
ISBN 1-4020-7195-7
7. N.S. Dhalla, L. Hryshko, E. Kardami, PK. Singa! (eds.): Signal Transduction and Cardiac Hypertrophy.
2003.
ISBN 1-4020-7218-X
8. G.N. Pierce, M. Nagano, P Zahradka, N.S. Dhalla (eds.): Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Diabetes.
2003.
ISBN 1-4020-7311-9
9. N.S. Dhalla, A. Chockalingam, H.I. Berkowitz, PK. Singal (eds.): Frontiers in Cardiovascular Health.
2003.
ISBN 1-4020-7451-4
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH
Editors
NARANJAN S. DHALLA, PhD, MD (Hon), DSc (Hon)
Distinguished Professor and Director
Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences
St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre
Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba
Winnipeg, Canada
ARUN CHOCKALINGAM, PhD
Assistant Director
Institute of Circulatory & Respiratory Health
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Vancouver, Canada
H. IVAN BERKOWITZ, MBA
Consultant
Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences
St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre
Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba
Winnipeg, Canada
PAWAN K. SINGAL, PhD, DSc
Professor
Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences
St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre
Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba
Winnipeg, Canada
....
.,
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Frontiers in cardiovascular health / editors, Naranjan S. Dhalla ... [et al.].
p. ; ClD. - (Progress in experimental cardiology ; 9)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4613-5085-9 ISBN 978-1-4615-0455-9 (EBOOK)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-0455-9
1. Cardiovascular system -Diseases-Prevention. 2. Cardiovascular
system-Diseases-Risk factors. 1. Dhalla, Naranjan S. II. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Cardiovascular Diseases-etiology. 2. Cardiovascular Diseases-metabolism
3. Cardiovascular Diseases-therapy. 4. Life Style. 5. RiskFactors. WG 120 F9347 2003]
RA645.C34F76 2003
616.1 '05-dc21
Copyright © 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 2003
AU rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission
from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specificaUy for the
purpose ofbeing entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by
the purchaser of the work
Permission for books published in Europe: [email protected]
Pcrmissions for books published in the United States of America: [email protected]
Printed on acid-free pap er.
Contents
Dedication: A Tribute to Dr. Bohuslav Ostadal IX
Preface X111
Acknowledgments xv
I. RISK FACTORS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
1. Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease 3
JAMES T. WILLERSON
2. The Role of Inflammation in Cardiac Function and Repair 19
MARK L. ENTMAN, KEITH A. YOUKER, VENKATESH LAKSHMINARAYANAN,
TARECK O. NOSSULI, OLIVER DEWALD, C. WAYNE SMITH,
AND NIKOLAOS G. FRANGOGIANNIS
3. Cardiac Repair Following Infarction 29
YAO SUN AND KARL T. WEBER
4. Protein and Phospholipids Composition of Human Myocardium in Children with
Congenital Heart Disease 37
VA.CLAV PELOUCH, MARIE MILEROVA., BOHUMIL HUCIN, MICHAELA ADAMCOVA.,
BLANKA PANUSKOV A., AND JAN SKOVRA.NEK
5. Human Atherosclerosis: New Participants? 55
YU. A. ROMANOV, E.L. SOBOLEVA, V.N. SMIRNOV, AND A. BOBIK
6. Aging and Dietary Lipids Modulate Ca2+-Dependent Mitochondrial Function in
the Post-Ischemic Heart 73
SALVATORE PEPE
7. The Role of Nuclear Receptors in HDL Formation 83
GORDON A. FRANCIS
8. Vascular Complications in Diabetes: Risk Factors and Pathogenic Correlates 97
PUNAM K. CHOHAN, THOMAS NETTICADAN, AND NARANJAN S. DHALLA
9. Hypercholesterolemia and Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetic Patients 109
CHIARA BOLEGO, ANDREA POLI, AND RODOLFO PAOLETTI
v
vi Contents
10. Altered Substrate Utilization in the Diabetic Heart: Role of
Lipoprotein Lipase 119
THOMAS CHACKO, NANDAKUMAR SAMBANDAM, AND BRIAN RODRIGUES
11. Does Reperfusion Cause Any Injury to the Myocardium? 145
PETR OSTADAL, IRENA ZDOBNICKA, AND NARANJAN S. DHALLA
12. Fulminant Myocarditis-From Lethal Disease to Survival 159
TOHRU IZUMI, NAOYOSHI AOYAMA, MOTOTSUGU NISHII, HITOSHI TAKEHANA,
CHIEKO MATSUDA, KEN KOHNO, JUNICHI NAKAHATA, AND TAKAYUKI INOMATA
13. Homocysteine/Coronary Atherosclerosis and Cardiac Transplantation: A Case
Control Study 171
RAMESH N. KUNDUR, MAUREEN P. FLATTERY, ROBERT S. HIGGINS,
AND MICHAEL L. HESS
14. Drug Development Based on Functional Genomics of Overloaded
Cardiomyocytes: CPT 1 vs. PPARaipha Effects of Etomoxir 177
HEINZ RUPP, ANGEL ZARAIN-HERZBERG, AND BERNHARD MAISCH
15. Mutational Profiles and Molecular Etiologies of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
and Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Asian Populations 195
AKINORI KIMURA, MANATSU ITO-SATOH, TAKEHARU HAYASHI, MEGUMI TAKAHASHI,
TAKURO ARIMURA, MICHIO YASUNAMI, SU YEOUN LEE, TAE HONG HWANG,
WON-HA LEE, AND JEONG-EUY PARK
II. NUTRITION, METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 207
16. Flavanol-Rich Foods and Cardiovascular Health 209
CARL L. KEEN, ROBERTA R. HOLT, FERNANDO CARRASQUEDO, M. ERIC GERSHWIN,
TIN K. MAO, AND HAROLD H. SCHMITZ
17. Benefits of Dietary Fiber for Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes 227
QIMING SHAO AND PAMELA M. KEAGY
18. Nutrition and the Brain-Heart Connection 243
RAM B. SINGH, KUMAR KARTIKEY, MAHMOOD MOSHIRI, NARANKAR S. NEKI,
UDAl P. SINGH, ADARSH KUMAR, DANIEL PELLA, AND SHANTI S. RASTOGI
19. Vitamin D and Atherosclerosis: A Noteworthy Link 261
CHANDRASEKHARAN CHERANELLORE KARTHA AND S. RAJASREE
20. Congestive Heart Failure as Metabolic Disease 271
JOSEF MORAVEC
21. Conditioned Nutritional Requirements: Therapeutic Relevance to
Heart Failure 289
MICHAEL J. SOLE AND KURSHEED N. JEEJEEBHOY
22. Stress and Dietary Fat Influence Cell Membranes and Death Due to Ventricular
Fibrillation and Heart Failure 295
SIGMUNDUR GUDBJARNASON AND V. EDDA BENEDIKTSDOTTIR
23. Pharmacotherapeutics of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy 307
RAMESH K. GOYAL AND NARANJAN S. DHALLA
Contents vii
24. Atherosclerotic Regression-A Myth or Reality 323
ADARSH KUMAR, HARHARPREET KAUR, PUSHPA DEVI, AND VARUN MOHAN
25. Monolayers of Apolipoprotein All at the Air/Water Interface 341
]. MAS-OLIVA, A. MARENO, S. RAMOS, ]. XICOHTENCATL-CORTES,]. CAMPOS,
AND R. CASTILLO
26. Changing Partially Hydrogenated Fat for Palmitic Acid in the Diet Increases
LDL-Cholesterol and Endogenous Cholesterol Synthesis in Normocholesterolemic
Women 353
MARGARET A. FRENCH, KALYANA SUNDRAM, AND M. THOMAS CLANDININ
27. Cytoprotection of Cardiac Myocytes by Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids 367
ALAIN GRYNBERG
28. The Effects of Taurine and Astragalus Membranaceus on Ion Currents and Their
Expression in Cardiomyocytes After CVB3 Infection 379
YING-ZHEN YANG, YAN-GANG SU, WEI-SHENG BAO, GONG-XIN LIV, AND HAOZHU CHEN
29. CoQ10 in the Treatment of Heart and Vascular Disease 395
RAM B. SINGH, KUMAR KARTIKEY, MAHMOOD MOSHIRI, NARANKAR S. NEKI,
DANIEL PELLA, SHANTI S. RASTOGI, AND SHIV S.L. SRIVASTAV
III. LIFESTYLE AND GLOBAL CARDIOVASCULAR BURDEN 421
30. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Disease: Impending Pandemic in Developing
Countries and Economies in Transition 423
ARUN CHOCKALINGAM AND MARIO F. DE CAMARGO MARANHAO
31. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women 439
GEETHA BHAT
32. Cardiovascular Disease in Women in the Middle East 445
WAFIA B. ETEIBA
33. Hypertension and Diabetes Situation in the Eastern Mediterranean Region:
With Special Reference to Iran 451
NIZAL SARRAF-ZADEGAN AND FIROOZEH SA]ADY
34. Coronary Artery Disease in Developing and Newly Industrialized Countries:
A Scientific Statement of the International College of Cardiology 473
DANIEL PELLA, RAM B. SINGH, BRIAN TOMLINSON, AND CHEE-WOON KONG
35. Social Inequalities, Nutrition and Health 489
ELISABETTA DELLA VALLE, SAVERIO STRANGES, ANTONIO CA]AFA,
GIOVANNI GUGLIELMUCCI, MARIA TRIASSI, AND EDUARDO FARINARO
36. The Potential Impact of CardioVision 2020 and Three Other Risk Factor
Scenarios on Population Rates of Coronary Heart and Cardiovascular Disease:
A Call to Action 495
LAMBERT A. WU, LEE N. BREKKE, MARK ]. BREKKE, REBECCA S. HOFFMAN,
AND THOMAS E. KOTTKE
37. Benefits of Exercise in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure 507
KOON K. TEO, MARK HAYKOWSKY, CATHERINE DEMERS, AND ROBERT S. MCKELVIE
viii Contents
38. Cardiac Adaptations to Swim Exercise with Administration of a Cysteine
Protease Inhibitor 519
GAVIN D. ARTHUR AND ANGELO N. BELCASTRO
39. Reversal of Coronary Atherosclerosis by Yoga Lifestyle Intervention 535
s.c. MANCHANDA, R. NARANG, K.S. REDDY, U. SACHDEVA, D. PRABHAKARAN,
S. DHARMANAND, M. RANJANI, AND R. BIJLANI
40. Prevention of Heart Failure-A Clinical Reality? 549
WILSON LEE AND J. MALCOLM O. ARNOLD
41. Diastolic Dysfunction, Redox Stress, Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and
Congestive Heart Failure in Diabetes Mellitus 563
M.R. (PETE) HAYDEN AND SURESH C. TYAGI
Index 583
A Tribute to Professor
Bohuslav Ostadal, DSc, MD
This book is dedicated to Professor Bohuslav Ostadal to recognize his outstanding
achievements in the area of Cardiovascular Sciences and Medicine. Prof. Dr.
Bohuslav Ostadal D.Sc. is head of the Department of Developmental Cardiology,
Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic in Prague. He
studied at the Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University in Prague and received
a MUDr (M.D.) in 1963 and completed his Ph.D. thesis in 1968. He started with
his scientific career at the Department of Pathological Physiology of the Faculty of
Medicine, chaired by one of the founders of modern Czech experimental cardiol
ogy Professor 0. Poupa. Studies on the onto- and phylogeny of the cardiac muscle
for understanding the basis of fetal and neonatal cardiology influenced many young
students at that time and became a specialty of the "Prague School" of develop
mental and comparative cardiology. Prof. Poupa introduced B. Ostadal to the prob
lems of the developing heart, asking him to analyze the relationship between the
phylo- and ontogenetic changes of the myocardial blood supply and the develop
ment of isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis. Their paper on myocardial
necrosis in the turtle, showing that the lesions were localized exclusively in the
inner spongious, vascularless layer of the cold-blooded heart was published in the
American Heart Journal in 1968.
Dr. Ostadal, together with the outstanding Czech embryologist, Dr. Rychter,
studied the mechanism of development of coronary vascularization of cardiac muscle
and extended this analysis from the ultrastructural point of view during his stay at
the Department of Anatomy, University ofWurzburg, Germany in 1969. After he
returned to Prague, he encouraged his coworkers in the Institute of Physiology to
follow the scientific ideas of Prof. Poupa and to analyze the effects of adaptation to
chronic hypoxia on the cardiopulmonary system. This topic was very attractive
also for colleagues working in clinical cardiology, particularly Prof. Widimsky and
his group; they started a long-lasting cooperation, describing protective and nega
tive signs of adaptation, reversibility of adaptive changes as well as the possible rela
tionship to the human disease and sports medicine. Permanent interest in the
developmental approach brought Dr. B. Ostadal in close cooperation with the pedi
atric cardiologists, particularly with Prof. Samanek and his Kardiocentrum. Together,
ix
x A Tribute to Professor Bohuslav Ostadal
they demonstrated metabolic adaptation of the atrial and ventricular tissue collected
from the hearts of children, operated for congenital cyanotic heart disease. Because
of the political situation at the time, all the international contacts were almost com
pletely interrupted and the future was all but promising. In order to compensate
for this precarious situation, Dr. Ostadal together with Dr. P. Braveny founded the
Czechoslovak Experimental Cardiology Study Group in 1972. The aim of the new
society was to acquaint experimental and clinical cardiologists with the newest
developments in world cardiology. The Study Group fulfilled this original goal for
further 30 years and is still very active.
In November 1989, Dr. Ostadal was elected as director of the Institute of Phys
iology of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (1990-95) and promoted to full
professorship at the Charles University (1992). From 1993 to 1998 he served as a
member of the Committee of the International Society for Heart Research and
became Secretary General of the XVth World Congress of this Society in Prague
in 1995. In 1996, he founded the international journal Experimental and Clinical Car
diology, published by the Pulsus Group, Canada, and has since been serving as the
editor-in-chief. In 2000 he organized the International Symposium on The Devel
oping Heart in Prague.
As a teacher in the Department of Pathological Physiology of the Faculty of Med
icine as well as one of the organizers of the Postgraduate School in Biomedicine
at the Charles University, Dr. Ostadal is in close contact with young students. He
has been awarded the prize of the Czech Ministry of Health (1995), Czech Medical
Association J.E. Purkyne (2000) and has received the Honorary J.E. Purkyne Medal
from the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic for achievements in biology
and medicine (2000). He is an honorary member of the Czech Medical Associa
tion, Czech Physiological and Czech Cardiological Society. Dr. Ostadal has pub
lished more than 200 full length papers, 2 monographs and edited 3 other
monographs. His Department of Developmental Cardiology, a part of Czech Center
of Excellence for Experimental Cardiovascular Research, now concentrates on the
analysis of the protective mechanisms of adaptation to chronic hypoxia during onto
genetic development, particularly in comparison with another protective phenom
enon, ischemic preconditioning. The aim of the whole research team is to help
better understand the pathogenetic mechanisms that determine the degree of cardiac
tolerance to oxygen deprivation as well as mechanisms responsible for different types
of cardiac protection. Over the years, Dr. Ostadal has transformed himself from an
avid student to an internationally respected teacher/researcher in Developmental
Cardiology.
Naranjan S. Dhalla, PhD, MD (Hon), DSc (Hon)
Arun Chockalingam, PhD
H. Ivan Berkowitz, MBA
Pawan K. Singal, PhD, DSc
