From Retribution to Public Safety: Disruptive Innovation of American Criminal Justice

235 Pages·2017·1.266 MB·English

by  William R. Kelly, Robert Pitman and William Streusand

FROM RETRIBUTION TO
PUBLIC SAFETY

FROM RETRIBUTION TO
PUBLIC SAFETY
Disruptive Innovation of
American Criminal Justice
William R. Kelly,
with Robert Pitman and
William Streusand
ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD
Lanham • Boulder • New York • London
PublishedbyRowman&Littlefield
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Copyright©2017byRowman&Littlefield
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorby
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whomayquotepassagesinareview.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Kelly,W.R.(WilliamRobert),1950–author.|Pitman,Robert,1942–author.|Streusand,
William,author.
Title:Fromretributiontopublicsafety:disruptiveinnovationofAmericancriminaljustice/William
R.KellywithRobertPitmanandWilliamStreusand.
Description:Lanham,MD:Rowman&Littlefield,[2017]|Includesbibliographicalreferencesand
index.
Identifiers:LCCN2016049485(print)|LCCN2017005706(ebook)|ISBN9781442273887(cloth:
alk.paper)|ISBN9781442273894(electronic)
Subjects:LCSH:Criminaljustice,Administrationof—UnitedStates.|Recidivism—UnitedStates.
Classification:LCCHV9950.K4532017(print)|LCCHV9950(ebook)|DDC364.973—dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2016049485
TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsof
AmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperfor
PrintedLibraryMaterials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992.
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments vii
Introduction 1
1 TheGreatAmericanPunishmentExperiment 9
2 FourMajorThreatstoRecidivismReduction:Intellectual
Deficiencies,DrugAddiction,Neurodevelopmental
Problems,andMentalIllness 23
3 TheSpecialCaseoftheJuvenileBrain 59
4 ThePathForward:ChangingBehavioralHealth 83
5 CriminalIntentandDiversion 117
6 ThePathForward:DivertingDisorderedOffenders 129
7 Costs,Benefits,andChallenges 161
Notes 181
References 195
Index 219
v

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I
would like to once again thank my wonderful wife and partner, Emily,
whose support and encouragement has allowed me to continue on this
journey of criminal justice reform. None of this would be possible with-
outher.
I would also like to thank my collaborators Robert Pitman and Bill
Streusand. This book has benefited enormously from their expertise on
matters such as mens rea, criminal procedure, prosecution, psychiatric
assessment,psychologicaldysfunction,andtreatment.Theendresultwas
possible because of our collective appreciation of the shortcomings of
criminal justice policy and the existence of evidence-based alternatives
that can actually accomplish things like reductions in crime, recidivism,
criminalvictimization,andcost.
Dr.LawrenceHauser,MD,isapsychiatristinAustinwhohasexperi-
ence working with the mentally ill in jails. He read the manuscript and
providedveryinsightfulsuggestions.Thankyou,Larry.
In February 2016, I was diagnosed with lymphoma. I have been in
remission since August 2016. I was fortunate enough to have the best
oncologist in Austin, and I would like to thank Dr. Michael Kasper and
the wonderful, dedicated folks in the Texas Oncology infusion room,
especiallyMarilyn,formakingadifficultsituationsomuchbetter.Partof
the chemo treatment included megadoses of steroids, which kept me
awakefor whatseemedlike daysonend.Iowe adebtofgratitudeto the
steroidsforfacilitatingmuchofthewritingofthisbook.
vii
viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to thank the Charles Koch Foundation for providing me
with funding during the summer of 2016. The organization had no sub-
stantiveoreditorialinputinthisproject.
I thank the University of Texas, especially my colleagues in the soci-
ology department, for support during this effort. Lindsey Nichols, an
undergraduate psychology major at UT Austin, provided invaluable re-
searchassistanceonthisproject.
Last, but not least, I would like to thank Rowman & Littlefield, espe-
ciallyeditorKathrynKnigge,formakingthisprocessenjoyable.
WilliamR.Kelly
October2016