From Peacekeeping to Peacemaking: Canada’s Response to the Yugoslav Crisis

254 Pages·2001·12.901 MB·English

by  Nicholas Gammer

From Peacekeeping to Peacemaking
FOREIGN POLICY, SECURITY, AND STRATEGIC STUDIES
Editors: Alex Macleod and Charles-Philippe David
The Foreign Policy, Security, and Strategic Studies Series seeks to
promote analysis of the transformation and adaptation of foreign
and security policies in the post-Cold War era. The series welcomes
manuscripts offering innovative interpretations or new theoretical
approaches to these questions, whether dealing with specific strategic
or policy issues or with the evolving concept of security itself.
MONOGRAPHS
Canada, Latin America, and the New Internationalism:
A Foreign Policy Analysis, 1968-1990
Brian J.R. Stevenson
Power versus Prudence
Why Nations Forgo Nuclear Weapons
TV. Paul
Canadian Policy toward Kruschev's Soviet Union
Jamie Glazov
From Peacekeeping to Peacemaking
Canada's Response to the Yugoslav Crisis
Nicholas Gammer
COLLECTIONS
NATO after Fifty
Enlargement, Russia, and European Security
Edited by Charles-Philippe David and Jacques Levesque
From Peacekeeping to
Peacemaking
Canada's Response to the
Yugoslav Crisis
NICHOLAS GAMMER
The Centre for Security and Foreign Policy Studies
and The Teleglobe+Raoul-Dandurand
Chair of Strategic and Diplomatic Studies
McGill-Queen's University Press
Montreal & Kingston • London • Ithaca
© McGill-Queen's University Press 2001
ISBN 0-7735-2.151-8 (cloth)
ISBN 0-773 5-2.205-0 (paper)
Legal deposit second quarter 2.001
Bibliotheque nationale du Quebec
Printed in Canada on acid-free paper
This book has been published with the help of a grant
from the Humanities and Social Sciences Federation of
Canada, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and
Humanities Research Council of Canada. Funding has
also been received from Okanagan University College.
McGill-Queen's University Press acknowledges the
financial support of the Government of Canada through
the Book Publishing Industry Development Program
(BPIDP) for its activities. It also acknowledges the
support of the Canada Council for the Arts for its
publishing program.
Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data
Gammer, Nicholas, 1949-
From peacekeeping to peacemaking : Canada's response to
the Yugoslav crisis
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7735-2151-8 (bound) - ISBN 0-7735-2205-0 (pbk.)
i. Canada—Foreign relations—Yugoslavia. 2. Yugoslavia-
Foreign relations—Canada. 3. Canada—Foreign relations-
1945-. I. Title.
FC25I.Y8G35 2001 327.710497 000-901481-0
FI029.5-Y8G35 2001
Typeset in 10/12 Sabon by True to Type
This book is dedicated to my father, Alexej Gammer,
a survivor of two civil wars, two emigrations,
and a Balkan concentration camp. His courage, strength,
and remarkable intelligence are my inspiration.
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Contents
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction 3
PART ONE: CANADIAN-YUGOSLAV RELATIONS
i 1941-59: The Early Years 17
2. 1960-89: Shared Interests 39
PART TWO: THE NEW ETHIC OF INTERVENTION
3 Redefining Canadian Foreign Policy and
the Emerging Crisis 63
4 A Prime Minister's Directive and the "New Ethic
of Intervention" 80
PART THREE: THE MULRONEY AGENDA
5 The Evolution of Multilateral Intervention 95
6 Recognition: The Croatian Case Study 116
7 Canadian Foreign Policy and International Law 140
8 From Sarajevo to Srebrenica: Doing More with Less 151
9 The Role of Public Opinion and Political Leadership 166
viii Contents
PART FOUR: BACKING OUT OF BOSNIA
10 There Is a Limit to Being a Boy Scout 175
11 Speaking Softly and Carrying a Small Stick 187
i z Challenging Sovereignty: Assessing the Shift in
Canadian Foreign Policy 195
Notes 213
Index 2.39
Acknowledgments
There were many individuals who were instrumental in helping me
publish this, my first book. I am appreciative of all those in the Depart-
ment of External Affairs, the Department of National Defence, and
Canada's armed forces who were willing to share their invaluable
insights with an aspiring academic. I am grateful to Tom Keating for
inspiring me to undertake this study and for always being generous
with his time. To my friend, Lynn Duncan, I am especially appreciative
of her astute and tireless assistance through the revisions of my manu-
script. Thank you to Roger Martin of McGill-Queen's for patiently
guiding me through the intricacies of publication. It also gives me plea-
sure to acknowledge Okanagan University College for its encourage-
ment and support of my work. Finally, I am grateful to the Aid to
Scholarly Publications Program for making this book possible. To my
wife and three sons I remain indebted for enduring my many absences.