From Freud to Jung: A Comparative Study of the Psychology of the Unconscious

342 Pages·1974·19.535 MB·English

by  Liliane Frey-Rohn

Liliane Frey-Rohn
J
F rOlll Freud to ung
A Comparative Study of the Psychology
of the Unconscious
Translated from the
German by
Fred E. Engreen and
Evelyn K. Engreen
Published by G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, for the
c. G. Jung Foundation for
Analytical Psychology
FROM FREUD TO JUNG
Copyright © 1974 by the C. G. Jung Foundation for
Analytical Psychology, Inc., New York, N. Y.
First published in Zurich by Rascher Verlag
under the title VON FREUD ZU JUNG: Eine vergleichende
Studie ZUT Psychologie des Unbewusslen.
© Copyright 1969 by Walter Verlag AG, Olten
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This book,
or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form
without permission from the publisher.
Published on the same day in the Dominion of Canada
by Longman's Canada Limited, Toronto.
Printed in the United States of America.
Library of Congress Catalogue Card No. 73-77114
ISBN 0-913430-24.2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Translators' Note x
Preface
Xl
Note of Acknowledgment
XIV
Introduction
3
I. The Origin of Jung's Point of View 3
2. Freud's Contributions Before the Turn of the Century 7
A. FROM TRAUMA TO THE FEELING-TONED COMPLEX
I. Association Experiment and Feeling-Toned Complex 13
n, Complex and Trauma 19
I. Acute and Chmnic Complexes 19
2. The Inner Unity of the Complex 22
3. The Nuclear Element as the Center of the Complex 24
4. Unconscious and Conscious Complexes 26
III. The Autonomy of the Unconscious Complex 29
I. The Ego-Complex and the Autonomous Complex 29
2. The Unconscious Complex as Part of the Personality 32
3. Personal and Impersonal Complexes 34
IV. Psychic Conflict and Complex 36
V. The Meaning of the Complex 39
B. FROM PSYCHIC "MECHANISMS" TO THE TOTAL PERSONALITY
1. Psychic Mechanisms in General 43
II. Substitution and Symbolization 44
III. Repression and Dissociation 48
I. The Theory of Repression in Freud's Psychology 48
2. Repression in the Light ot lung's Psychology 53
a. Development of Consciousness and Repression 57
b. Heightened U llconscious Performance and
Repression 62
IV. The Unity and Totality of the Personality 67
v
CONTENTS
C. FROM THE PERSONAL TO THE COLLECTIVE CONTENTS
OF THE PSYCHE
1. The Psychology of Fantasy 75
I. Fantasy as Distortion and Wish-Fulfillment (Freud) 75
2. Fantasy as Creative Formation (.Tung) 76
II. Archaic Fantasies 82
III. Goal·Directedness in the Psyche 85
IV. The Primordial Image 90
V. The Archetype as Structural Element and as Formative
Principle 94
I. The Archetypal Image as Creative Center 95
2. Archetypal Image and Consciousness 96
D. FROM THE UNCONSCIOUS DRIVE TO THE COLLECTIVE
UNCONSCIOUS
I. Freud's Concept of Consciousness and the Unconscious 101
II. Consciousness and the Unconscious in lung's Psychology III
I. The Totality of Consciousness and the Unconscious III
2. Ego and Consciousness 112
3· The Unconscious 117
a. The Personal Unconscious 117
h. The Collective Unconscious 121
III. Archaic Inheritance and Collective Unconscious 126
I. Archaic Inheritance and Instinct 128
2. Fantasies and Primal Scenes 129
3· Phylogenetic Inheritance and Historical Repression 131
E. FROM LIBIDO TO PSYCHIC ENERGY
I. Freud's Sexual Theory 135
II. Infantile Sexuality and the Organization of the Libido 141
I. Freud's Concept of Infantile Sexuality: Polymorphous
Perverse Disposition and the Diphasic Process of
Sexuality 141
2. Freud's Organization of the Libido and the Oedipus
Complex 142
vi
CONTENTS
3· Infantile Sexuality According to Jung 147
a. Polyvalent and Polymorphous Perverse Disposition 149
b. The Latency Period as the Beginning of Sexuality 152
c. The Oedipus Complex as an Archetypal Image 153
III. The Libido as Undivided Vital Energy (lung) 158
I. The Concept of Psychic Energy 161
2. Equivalent Transformations of the Libido 104
a. Principle of Equivalence and Transformation of
Energy 164
b. Symbol Formation and Equivalence Principle 167
3. Tension of the Opposites and Energic Adjustment 169
4· The Primary Connection of Archetypal Image and
Instinct 173
5. Incest Image and Rebirth 175
6. The Biological Hypothesis in Freud' s Works 178
7. Concluding Remarks 180
F. FROM THE CAUSAL TO THE HERMENEUTIC METHOD
1. Free Association and Freud's Causal Method
II. Bound Association and Jung's Finality-Oriented
Point of View 194
I. The Prospective and Constructive Method 195
2. The Method of Amplification 199
G. NEUROSIS AND DREAM
1. Neurosis: A Problem of Drives or of Personality? 205
I. Neurosis in the Light of Freud's Theory of Instincts 205
2. Neurosis as Personality Problem (lung) 212
a. Neurosis as Disunion with Oneself 212
b. Neurosis and Cure 218
c. Dissociation in Neurosis and Psychosis 220
II. The Dream as Symptom (Freud) and the Dream as
Symbol (lung) 225
I. Freud's Concept of the Dream 226
2. The Dream in jun[fs Psychology 229
a. The Dream as Manifestation of the Unconscious 231
vii
CONTENTS
b. Distortion or Symbolic Formation? 233
c. Wish-fulfillment or Self-portrayal? 235
}. Sleep-Preservation vs. the Function of Compensation 238
a. Dream and Sl eep 238
b. The Compensating Function of the Dream 239
4. The Meaning and Interpretation of the Dream 243
a. Dream Interpretation and State of Consciousness 247
b. The Assimilation of the Meaning of the Dream 248
c. Interpretation on the Subjective and Objective Levels 249
5. Historical SU1'Vey of the Concept of Projection 251
H. FROM SIGN TO SYMBOL
I. Symbolization and Symbol in Freud's Work 257
II. The Symbol as a Relatively Unknown Entity (lung) 261
I. The Incest Symbol 262
2. The Symbol as Mediator 265
3. The Symbol of the Self 269
a. The Self as a Uniting Symbol 270
b. The Religious Function of the Self 273
c. Archetype of the Self and Inner Experience 276
ApPENDIX: lUNG'S CONCEPTS FROM 1936 TO 1961
I. The Archetype-As-Such 281
1. The Archetype as a Regulator 282
2. Archetype and Instinct (Drive) 285
II. The Psyche Viewed from Transcendental Factors 289
1. The Archetype-As-Such: A Form of a priori Orderedness 289
2. The Relativity of Consciousness and the Unconscious 290
a. The Indeterminacy of the Unconscious 290
b. The Approximate Aspect of Consciousness 291
c. The Psyche as a Conscious/Unconscious Whole 293
d. The Psychoid-Unconscious as an Acausal
Arrangement in Psychology and Physics 293
}. Freud and Transcendental Reality 299
viii
CONTENTS
III. Concluding Remarks
Bibliography
Name Index
Subject Index
ix
TRANSLATORS' NOTE
In spite of its many Germanic roots, the English language often defies
translation from the German idiom. Throughout this work the trans
lators have endeavored to convey the author's intention and to
interpret the feeling behind her words. But wherever necessary we
have adhered strictly to her terminology-certainly in· so far as technical
terms are concerned and also in order to simplify indexing. Often we
felt that a more concise, more readable English text might have resulted
if less consideration had been given to these requirements.
The translators have been working as a writing team for many
years, producing many documented papers on medical and psychiatric
subjects. This experience contributed to the exacting research that
went into compiling over 200 English references which replace those
cited by Dr. Frey in original German sources.
If the present version of this work makes a worthy contribution, it is
because of the close collaboration between the translators and the
author. Although separated by more than a third of the globe, Dr.
Frey and the translators painstakingly checked every page of the draft
and brought each chapter into a compatible English version. 'Ve are
immensely grateful for Dr. Frey's patient and diligent cooperation.
Thanks are also due to Dr. Hilde Kirsch; to Ruth Cron, administrative
secretary, The C. G. Jung Institute, Los Angeles; to John Connor, head
librarian, and other personnel of the Los Angeles County Medical
Association Library; and to the various library facilities of the Univer
sity of California at Los Angeles.
Los Angeles, California Fred E. Engreen, Ph.D.
May 1973 Evelyn K. Engreen
x