From Ethnic Conflict to Stillborn Reform: The Former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia

292 Pages·2005·5.2 MB·English

by  Shale Horowitz

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From Ethnic Conflict
to Stillborn Reform
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From
Ethnic
Conflict
to Stillborn
Reform
The Former
Soviet Union
and Yugoslavia
Shale Horowitz
Texas A&M University Press, College Station
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Copyright © 2005
by Shale Asher Horowitz
Manufactured in the
United States of America
All rights reserved
First edition
The paper used in this book
meets the minimum requirements
of the American National Standard
for Permanence of Paper for Printed
Library Materials, Z39.48-1984.
Binding materials have been
chosen for durability.
library of congress cataloging-in-publication data
Horowitz, Shale Asher.
Fromethnic conflict to stillborn reform : the former Soviet Union
and Yugoslavia / Shale Horowitz.—1st ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 1-58544-396-4 (cloth : alk paper)
1. Former Soviet republics—Politics and government. 2. Former
Soviet republics—Economic conditions. 3. Ethnic conflict—
Former Soviet republics—Case studies. 4. Post-communism—
Former Soviet republics. 5. Democratization—Former Soviet
republics. 6. Former Yugoslav republics—Politics and government.
7. Former Yugoslav republics—Economic conditions. 8. Ethnic
conflict—Former Yugoslav republics. 9. Post-communism—
Former Yugoslav republics. 10. Democratization—Former
Yugoslav republics. 11. Yugoslav War, 1991–1995. I. Title.
jn6531.h64 2005
947.086—dc22 2004020730
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To David and Arlene Horowitz,
Timna Katz, and Shani Bornstein
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Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Part I. Introduction 1
Chapter 1. Democratization and Market Reform in War-Torn
Post-Communist States 3
Chapter 2. Theory, Statistical Tests, and Literature Review 27
Part II. The Former Soviet Union 55
Chapter 3. Azerbaijan 57
Chapter 4. Armenia 73
Chapter 5. Georgia 89
Chapter 6. Moldova 108
Chapter 7. Tajikistan 127
Part III. The Former Yugoslavia 143
Chapter 8. Croatia 145
Chapter 9. Bosnia-Herzegovina’s Muslims, Croats, and Serbs 164
Chapter 10. Serbia 186
Part IV. Conclusions 209
Chapter 11. War and the Contradictions of Reform Nationalism 211
Notes 225
References 249
Index 271
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Illustrations
Figures
Figure 1. Political Rights Indices, 1991–2002 7
Figure 2. World Bank Liberalization Indices, 1989–1997 9
Figure 3. Economic Liberalization and Corruption Indices, 1999 11
Figure 4. Agricultural Share of the Workforce at the Time of
Transition from Communism 13
Figure 5. Variation in Post-Communist Democratization and Market
Reform 31
Figure 6. How Ethnic Conflict Tends to Dislodge Incumbent, Particularly
Reformist Governments 35
Figure 7. Location, Development, and Ethnic Conflict 37
Maps
Map 1. Azerbaijan 62
Map 2. Armenia 78
Map 3. Georgia 94
Map 4. Moldova 112
Map 5. Tajikistan 131
Map 6. Croatia 146
Map 7. Bosnia and Herzegovina 169
Map 8. Serbia and Montenegro 191
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