From Al-Andalus to the Americas (13th-17th Centuries) Destruction and Construction of Societies

485 Pages·2018·5.64 MB·English

by  Thomas F. Glick

From Al-Andalus to the Americas (13th–17th Centuries)
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The Medieval and
Early Modern Iberian World
(formerly Medieval Iberian Peninsula)
Edited by
Larry J. Simon (Western Michigan University)
Gerard Wiegers (University of Amsterdam)
Arie Schippers (University of Amsterdam)
Isidro J. Rivera (University of Kansas)
Mercedes García-Arenal (cchs/csic)
Montserrat Piera (Temple University)
volume 65
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/memi
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From Al-Andalus to the Americas
(13th–17th Centuries)
Destruction and Construction of Societies
Edited by
Thomas F. Glick
Antonio Malpica
Félix Retamero
Josep Torró
leiden | boston
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Cover illustration: Carta universal en que se contiene todo lo que del mundo se ha descubierto fasta agora /
hizola Diego Ribero cosmographo de su magestad, ano de 1529, e[n] Sevilla. Bib id.: 714006. With kind
permission of the National Library of Australia.
Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface.
issn 1569-1934
isbn 978-90-04-36332-8 (hardback)
isbn 978-90-04-36577-3 (e-book)
Copyright 2018 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi,
Brill Sense and Hotei Publishing.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
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that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite
910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change.
This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner.
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Contents
List of Figures and Tables ix
List of Contributors xi
One Conquest, Two Worlds: An Introduction 1
Félix Retamero and Josep Torró
part 1
The Organisation of the Conquests: Political, Military and
Financial Aspects
1 Partners-in-Arms. Medieval Military Associations: From the Iberian
cabalgada to the American entrada 19
Josep Torró
2 Council and Urban Militias in the Crown of Aragon during the 13th
Century: From Conquering Militias to Monetary Exemptions 78
Enric Guinot
3 War and Booty as Incentives for Emigration: Tortosa and al-Andalus
(12th–13th Centuries) 103
Antoni Virgili
4 Medieval Factors in the Conquest of America: Organisation and War
Practices in the Incursions into Darién 130
Carmen Mena García
5 On the Use of Terror, Cruelty and Violence in the Spanish Conquest of
the Americas: Some Thoughts 163
Antonio Espino-López
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vi Contents
part 2
The Agrarian Organisation of the New Colonial Societies
6 Feudal Conquest and Colonisation: An Archaeological Insight into
the Transformation of Andalusi Irrigated Spaces in the Balearic
Islands 191
Helena Kirchner
7 The Agrarian Model of Valencian Moriscos 228
Manuel Ardit Lucas†
8 Iberian Colonisations and Water Distribution Systems (15th–16th c.):
A Comparative Approach 259
Félix Retamero and Virgilio Martínez-Enamorado
9 Commercial Crop or Plantation System? Sugar Cane Production from
the Mediterranean to the Atlantic 301
Adela Fábregas García
10 Early Colonial Utilization and Management in Peru 332
Inge Schjellerup
part 3
The Political Organisation of the New Colonial Societies. The
Management of the Conquered Populations and Lands 
11 Servants, Slaves or Subjects? Jews, Muslims and Indians as Royal
Property 359
David Abulafia
12 The Kingdom of Granada: Between the Culmination of a Process and
the Beginning of a New Age 383
Antonio Malpica
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Contents vii
13 Portugal, Morocco and Guinea: Reconfiguration of the North Atlantic
at the End of the Middle Ages 401
António de Almeida Mendes
14 The Peculiarity of the Spanish Empire: A Comparative
Interpretation 429
Josep M. Fradera
Index 449
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List of Figures and Tables
Figures
6.1 Sketch of a typical irrigated area with watermill, built in a valley bottom 197
6.2 Plan of medieval hydraulic systems in Puigcerdà, Catalonia (Spain) 198
6.3 Original layout of the hydraulic system of Coanegra. Watermills numbered as 1,
5 and 8 were built after the 1229 conquest 204
6.4 Diagram based in Coanegra’s system (Majorca) showing the areas wich can be
irrigated when one or some of the watermills are in motion 211
6.5 Hydraulic system of Bunyola (Mallorca, Balearic Islands) and dry farming
areas 214
6.6 Plan of the farming area of Felanitx (Mallorca): irrigated, dry areas, and
marshes 216
8.1 Irrigation system of Casarabonela (Málaga) 273
10.1 Inca terraces at Pisac 334
10.2 Machu Picchu, the Inca site built on a modified and leveled saddleridge 335
10.3 Indians weeding and thrilling. Martínez Compañón Vol ii, 1787 341
10.4 A woman grinding maize in Chuquibamba 342
10.5 Tilling the land with the ard and sowing potatoes at the altiplano near
Puno 344
10.6 T he pre-columbian oven at the archaeological site of Churru. 347
10.7 The Mediterranean introduced oven at Chilchos 348
10.8 Sugar mill made of hard wood in the Valley of Chilchos, Peru 350
10.9 Drawing by Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala c. 1615. A priest writes a letter on
behalf of a chief against one of the Spanish authorities 352
Tables
7.1 Dues in kind in the Marquisate of Llombai (1530–1594) 233
7.2 Distribution of irrigated fields in the Marquisate of Llombai (1581) 235
7.3 Property structure in the huerta, Marquisate of Llombai (1581) 235
7.4 Estate size distribution in the huerta, Marquisate of Llombai (1581) 236
7.5 Feudal rent structure in the Marquisate of Llombai (in percentages) 239
7.6 Property structure in the areas of the huerta of Gandía irrigated by the River
Vernissa (in percentages) 241
7.7 Average agrarian property size in the Duchy of Gandia before and after the
expulsion of the Moriscos (in hanegadas) 242
x List of Figures and Tables
7.8 Morisco property structure in Valldigna (1599–1600) (in percentages) 242
7.9 Property structure of land in the lower valley of the Segura River (1609) (in
percentages) 243
7.10 Property structure in Morisco lands around Nules (Castellón), before and after
the expulsion (in percentages) 244
7.11 Morisco property distribution in Elche (1600–1609) (in percentages) 245
7.12 Property structure in Asprelles (1600–1609) (in percentages) 246
9.1 Value and volume of sugar production in Nasrid Granada 308
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