From Agnatic Succession to Absolute Primogeniture

85 Pages·2017·5.43 MB·English

LLoouuiissiiaannaa SSttaattee UUnniivveerrssiittyy LLaaww CCeenntteerr
LLSSUU LLaaww DDiiggiittaall CCoommmmoonnss
Journal Articles Faculty Scholarship
2012
FFrroomm AAggnnaattiicc SSuucccceessssiioonn ttoo AAbbssoolluuttee PPrriimmooggeenniittuurree:: TThhee SShhiifftt ttoo
EEqquuaall RRiigghhttss ooff SSuucccceessssiioonn ttoo TThhrroonneess aanndd TTiittlleess iinn tthhee MMooddeerrnn
EEuurrooppeeaann CCoonnssttiittuuttiioonnaall MMoonnaarrcchhyy
Christine Corcos
Louisiana State University Law Center, [email protected]
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RReeppoossiittoorryy CCiittaattiioonn
Corcos, Christine, "From Agnatic Succession to Absolute Primogeniture: The Shift to Equal Rights of
Succession to Thrones and Titles in the Modern European Constitutional Monarchy" (2012). Journal
Articles. 326.
https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/faculty_scholarship/326
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FROM AGNA TIC SUCCESSITOON A BSOLUTE
PRIMOGENITURE:
THE SHIFTT O EQUAL RIGHTSO F SUCCESSION TO
THRONESA ND TITLESI NT HE MODERN
EUROPEANC ONSTITUTIONAMLO NARCHY
ChristAilniecC eo reas*
2012M ICH ST.L .R EV.1 587
.
TABLEO FC ONTENST
INTRODUCTION 1588
.......................... ............................................. ..................
I. TYPESO FH EREDITARSYU CCESSION. . ... 1598
..... .................... . .................
A. Ruleosf I nheritaanndcT eh eir Pur.p.o.s.e.s. .......1.5.9.8. ..................
B. AgnatSiucc cessi.o.n . . . . 1602
... ... ................. ... .............. .......... ............
C. MaleP rimogeniture.. .. . .. . .... 1603
............ . . . ...... ............. .. ..... ........ . .. ...
D. ElectSiuvcec ess(iEolne ctMiovnea rchy) 1606
............. ....................
E. OtheTrh eorioefSs u ccession .. ... . 1609
........... .................... . .... ..........
1. SuccessTihorno uMgahr ria.g.e. .. . .. ....1609
. ... ... .. .... ....... . ..... .. . . ..
2. Ultimogeniture. . .. . .. ..... .1 610
.... .......... ... .... ..... ......... .. .... . .. .. ... ......
II.T RADITIONOABLJE CTIONTSO F EMALER ULE .....................1..6.1.1. ........
A. TheQ ueeRne gnaanstW ife . 1611
...................................... ...............
B. TheF emalaesH eir .. .. . ..1618
........ ....... ............. ............... ..... ............ .
IIIC.H ANGESIN SUCCESSIROUNL ESA ND THES HIFT TO
COGNAT ICS UCCESSION .. . . 1624
.. ·········· ... ····· ......... ... ...... . ... ......... .... .... ......
A. Sweden ..... . .... 1624
............ .. . .. ................... ........ ........ . .......................
B. Norwa.y. .............................................1..6..2..5.. ...............................
C. TheN etherlands . . . . . .. 1626
............. ... ................ .... .... ............. .. ...........
D. Belgium.. . . . . .. .1628
... ...... ............. ..... ..................... ................. .. ....... ..
E. Denmark . .. . . . .. 1629
........... .... . ............ .... ........... ...... ................. ..... . ....
F. Luxembourg . . ... . 1630
......... ............... ... . . ............ ...............................
G. TheD isenchantwmietnMhta leP rimogeniture ... 1632
............... . ......
IV.A CLOSERL OOKA TT HET RANSITIFORNO MM ALEP RIMOGENITURE
* AssociPartoef esosfLo arw L,o uisiSatnaaUt nei verLsaiwtC ye nteArs;s ociate
Professor,a nWdoG meennd'Sestr u dPireosg rLaomu,i siSatnaUatn ei verAs&iMt.yT hanks
toA laLienv assaenudOr l ivMioerre teParuo,f esosfLo arwsL, o uisiSatnaUatn ei verLsaiwt y
Centfoerrh ,e lpdfuils cusosfiC oinvC iold ei ssues; LJaennenC,io foerrd inCaetnotroe,fr
CivLialw S tudifoersa ,s sistwainttcher aantsilofrnosm S panilsahn gudaogceu menatnsd;
Susan GualtieCro,m pFaorraetaiingvdne ,,I nternLaatwiL oinbarla rLiSaUnL ,a wC enter
Libraaryn,dD anieGlolree( nL SLUa w2 01fo2r)r eseaarscshi stance.
1588 MichigSatna tLea wR eview Vol2.0 12:1587
TO ABSOLUTE SUCCESSIONT:H E SITUATIONIN SPAIN AND THE
UK 1635
.... ... . ........ ............................. .................... ............... ............ .......
A. Spai.n.. .................................................................................1....6..3 5
1. TheC urreSnitt uatiinSo pna inM:a leP rimogeniture
Undetrh eS panish Cons.t.it.ut.i.o..n ... . . .1635
.. ... ....... . . ... . . ... ... ... ..
B. TheS ituatiinto hneU niteKdi ngdom .. ... ....1650
..... . ..... ................ . . ..
1. TheS uccesstioo nt Thher on.e .. . .. . .1650
.. ................. .. ...... ... . ... ... .
2. TitloefNs o bili.ty. .. . ....... .... .. . 1653
... .. . .. ............ ... .. . . .. .... . . ... . .... ....
C. EuropeUanni oDni rectiGveensd,eD ri srciminatainodn ,
AbsoluPtrei moegnituirnte h eM atteorft hIen heritoafn ce
Titles. .. ...... . . .. .... .. .........1658
..... .... . ... .. ... . ..... ........ ....... . ... .. ........ .... .. . . .
D. UndecidaenddU nresolPvreodb lem.s. . . 1662
.... . .............. .............. ...
1. TheS pouseT'ist le. . . . . . .. . ..1 662
...... ............. ........ ...... .... ..... . .... .... .
2. Financaensd D ivorc.e.s. ................ .. ...1666
.... ..... . .. .. .. . . . . .... . .... . ..
CONCLUSION. .........................................................................1...6 ..6..8.. .........
INTRODUCTION
On Octo2b8e,2r 0 11,t heh eadosft heB ritiCsohm monwealmtehm ber
stataegsr eetdor emovbea rriteort sh es uccessoifot nhe fi rst-bcohrni lodf
thes overeiwghne,t hmearl eo rf emalteo,t het hronoeft heU niteKdi ng­
dom1. S ucha rule-trhuel oef a bsoluotrefu ,l l(c ognatpirci)m ogen2i-ture
ensurtehsa tth eo ldecshti lrde,g ardloefsg se ndeirn,h ertihtesc rownI.n
addititohneh, e adosf s tataeg reetdo r emovteh eb art ot hem arriage of
memberosf t heR oyaFla miltyoC atholiaclst,h3o utghhes overeciagnnno t
bea Catholsiicn,c e theo rQK uienegn o ft heU niteKdi ngdoims t heh ead
oft heC hurcohf E nglanTdh.e4m edirae portleidt tilfae n,y o,p posittioo n
l. JohFn. B urnsB, ritMiosnha rcShcyr aps oRfMu alleSe u ccesisnNiew o nS tetpo
ModernizNa.tYiT.oI MnE,SO ,c t2.9 ,2 011a,tA 4.T hec hangwea sh ead-snapIpni2 n0g0.8 ,
theB ritigsohv ernmeanbta ndonaenad t temtpotc hangseu ccessruiloenso nlay w eeka fter
plannitnoig n trodtuhceSe i ngElqeu alityS eBeAin ldlr.e Pwi ercUe-,T uornnR oyaSlu cces­
sioLnaw Chagne,T heT elegraApphr,.2 8, 20a0t8h ,t tpww:w//.telegraph.c/o .uk/news
uknews/thlefarmoiylay/1905565/U-tum-on-roaywa-lc-hsauncgec.e(hsvtsimisloi nAt-pelrdi l
122,0 13).
2. Aso pposteodo rdinparriym ogeniwthuerrete,h efi rstbosrno ni nhertihtees s tate
"ttoh eex clusoifyo onu ngseirb linBgLsA.C"K 'S LDAIWC TIONA1R3Y1 (19 tehd 2.0 09).
3. Foran extensdiivsec usosfito hnem echanisimnsv olviencd h angitnhgev arious
statuitnevso lvientd h eC ommonwealctohu ntrsieeesg ,e neraAlnlnye T womeyC,h agnign
thReu loesfS uc�cseiotnot hTeh ro(nSey dneLya wS chL.e gaSlt udiReess earPcahp eNro .
111712,0 11)[ heremafter TwCohmageniyg,n t hReu leasv]a,i laatbht ltep :/e/rpsa.pssrn.com/
sol3/papers.cfin?a9b4s3t2r8aA7cn;tn _eTi wdo=mle yT,h e Australiaanndt hCReru olwenss
ofS uccesQsUiAoDnRA,NT J,u n2e0 09a,t4 4-45.
4. SeBeu rns,s upnroat Ie,a t A 4.
FromA gnatSiucc cesstioAo bns oluPtrei mogenitur1e5 89
thed ecisiIonnd.u5l giinns go me enthusailatsetrniacth iivset or"iwchaalt -if­
ingt"h Dea ilMya ilc hirruped:
If threu lnheeaswbd e einnf oricn1e 5 0M9a rgaTruedtow oru lhda vtea ktehne
throinnes toefHa edn VrIyI TIh.ac to uld havtehR ee mfoennaanttwi oounnl edv er
have ptlaakacenenEd l izaIbw eotunhle dv hearv bee eQnu eeInft. hp er achtaidc e
been chaasrn egceedan stt lhlyea csetn tBurriyt,ca oiunhl adv hea tdw oQ ueen
Victobraictakobs a cPkr.i nVceiscst otrhPiera i,n Rcoeyswasol u lhda vaec ceded
tot hteh roinn1e 9 I0 i nstoefKa idn Egd waVrIdI W.h ens hdei ejdu satf ew
montlhast heerrs, o nK aisWeirl heIlIwm o ulhda vaes centdhetedh rone­
sometwhhiinccgho uhladv per evetnhtFeei drW sotr lWda rT.h eQ ueeonfE ng­
lanndo ww ouhladv bee etnhc eo mpleutneklnyoP wrni nMcaersCisee c ioflP er us-
S.i a6 .
Whiluen detrh esreu leMsa rgartehteo, l dessutr vivcihnigl adn,do lder
survivdianugg htoefrH ,e nryV IIw,o uldh ave succeheidme,td7h el ikeli­
hoodt hatth eE nglanodfT udotri mewso ulhda vep utt hesreu leisn tpol ace
isn ilB.u ts uppowsee platyh eg ameH.a da bsolute primobgeeennti hteu re
ruloen,e c annonte cessaarsisluym teh at the Reformatniootnh avmei ght
touchEendg lands'hso reWsh.i lHee nrVy IItuIrn etdo t hPe rotesfatiatnihtn
parbte cauistpe r omisheidm a s oluttioot nh es ticpkryo bloefmd ivortchee,
Protesrteanlti giroeuvso lutaitotnr acottehde driss satiwsifitehd Rtohmea n
CathioclC hurcihn,c ludmianngy i nE nglanadsw elals o nt hec ontin8e nt.
To suggetshta ittw ouldh aven oi nfluen(crea thtehra lne sisn fluenicne )
Englainsda r athlearr glee ap.
5. GirlEsq uailn B ritiTshhr onSeu ccessBiBoCnN ,E WS (Oc2t8.,2 011),
htpt://www.bbc.coI5. 4u9k2/6n0e7w.s /uk-
6. TimS hipm&a Dna miGeany lIfe W,i lalnsdK atHea vaeG irFli rSsht'e,II B e
QueeCno!m monweAaglrteheH si stoCrhiacn gteoG ivSeex EqualiinRty o yaSlu ccession,
MAIOLN LI(NOEc 2t8.2, 0 11) ,h ttwwpw:./ad/ilymai/ln.ecwos./uakrti/cUK.l-er-o2y0a5l4­467
successsi-oCno-mlmaownwealth-agree-se-qhuiasltioTtrhyiea.c rh-ttcimthclial.tne lg'ees - sex
ispe rhoavpesro lpyt imaisws etlislci, nt chehi ysp othfeitrisctda-albu ogrnhh tatesom r a teri­
aliazned, t hooa ust lbiovthehe f ra tahneldri ves eteth oce o ntinoufta htmeio onna rScehey .
id.
7. Ont hlei offeM argaTruedtos reM,eA RJAP ERRYT,H ES ISTEORFSH ENRYV III:
(
THET UMULTUOLUISV EOSF M ARGAREOTF S COTLANADN DM ARYO FF RANCE1 998M)a.r ga­
remta rrieadsh efri rhsuts bJaanmdeTV so fS cotlIadna td1 .0M .a rgargerta'nsd daughter
was MSatryu atrhdtea, u ghotfMe arr gasroeJnta 'msVe .sI da t2 24.
8. Ifw ec agni vtehR ee formataib oeng indnaitniebgt,e giann1 51w7h etnh eolo­
giaMna rtLiunt hfaemro usnlayi lheiNdsi netyT-hFeisvoeents h Peo wearn Edff icaocf y
Indulg(eDnicsepuspt raodtei oc laravtiirotniuentu dilsg teinarutm)ot hdeo oorfst hCea stle
ChuricnWh i ttenGbeerrmga,Mn iyc.h Mauelll MeatrttL,iu nt heNri'nse ty-FiveH ITShT.e ses,
REVS.e,p2 t0.0 a3t4, 6 4,7 E.v eintf h Een glmiosnha rhcanhdo jto intehmdeo vememnatn,y
oft hGee nnparni nces adsti hdSe,w edakinisdnh (g e ventduiafodlr,le yx)a mpSeleee,.. g .,
Cv.. W EDGWOODT,H ETH IRTYYE ARSW AR5 0(51 97T3h)eR. e formeantdiieon1dn 6 4w8i th
thsei gnoiftn hgTe r eaotfWy e stphaattl hipaato; i tnhtCe,a thmoolniacr acnhtdsh Peo pe
reciozgentdh atthP er otecsotuanenstth r aids uccesdsefuflelnytd heebdie rl iSeefeis d.a t
525-26.
1590 MichigSatna tLea wR eview Vol2.01 2:1587
TheD ailMya il'sse cohnydp otheitnivcoalQlvu ienegVn i ctoria's
daughstuegrg easnet vse bni ggleera Hpa.d9a bsolpurtiem ogreebn eietn
�
threu liene ffiecn1t 90 1( oera rlsiote hra,t p rtehsest uopr reo vmiadlee
heiwrassn osto g reaatn)ad,s sumtihntaght fie r sVti ctwoerrieeav ebro rn,
thyeo ungVeirc towroiualhd a vteh ousgehrti obuesfolrsyee lecath iunsg­
_
banldi tkhene e phoeftw h Kei nogfP rusasy ioau,nm gan w how asli kteol y
inheart ihtr o10nT eh.e marorfti waosg oev ereainag lnlsi,ta hnacwtoe u ld
britnogg ettwhnoea rt iaonnwdsi ,ti htt h peo ssitbhioalntie t yo fm itghhetm
becosmueb sertvoti heoent th wearso, n e thuantp awlaastt oma obslsteu b­
jects ilnmi ovnianrgco hfti hepese riIondd.e ietwd a,so noef t hree asons
thfaetm asloev ereisgnoms u cdhhia ffidc ufilntdyi ng suitaabnlde consorts,
ar eastohnam ta nsyu bjeancdtm sa npyo litpihciallo sorpehseitrshste e d
ideoaffe malreu 1l1eT h.u fesw, c ounttrhiaaetcs c eptthieedd e oafm onar­
chayl saoc ceptthieedd eo afa bsoplruitmeo geniture.
Thuhsa,Vd i ctboereihnae m ro thehre'issrh ,ae l most cweorutladi nly
nohta vmea rrtihehede itroa notthherro anned, ohwenhr e iwro uladl most
certanionhtla yvb ee eKna isWeirl helAmsfo. r1t 2h ree feretnotc here e al
liEfel izaIbIae s"t Phr inMcaersiCsee cinloes ,u"cp he rswoonu ledx iastt
all.
9. SeeG irElqsu ailnS uccestsoBi roint Tihsrho nseu,pn roat 5e.
l0 . Bothc ontemporaanrdit ehseP rincReosysa hle rsedlefs crihbeermd a rriaagsae
lovmea tchbu,t h ads hek nownt hasth ew ast oi nhetrhiett h ronseh,ea lswoo ulhda vuen der­
stootdh e consideirnavtoilovanessdd ,i dh erm othewrh ens hef ircsatm et ot het hronSee.e
CAROLLEYR ICKSOHNE,R L IITLMEA JESTY:T HEL IFE QOUFE ENV ICTORI7A4 -8(41 997).
Whenl ookionvge pro ssihbulseb antdhse, young VQiuceteontr hioau gshetr iouasbloyut th e
implicatoifmo anrsr yian rge ignimnogn arcohrt heh eitro a thronaen,de ventuaclhloysa e
husbanwdh o wasn eithSeer.ei d.;Br endRaa lphL ewisV,i cto&r Ailab er2t2 B,R IT.
HERITAG1E8 2,1 ,2 4-2(52 001A)s.I d iscuusnst,ri elc enrtolyya falm iliaensd t hec ountries
thehye adh aveb eenc oncerneadb ouste curitnhget hroangea intshtep otentcilaalio mf a
foreign-hbeoiarnrt ;t hes amet imes,u cfahm iliaecst ivseeleyok u ts pousoefsr oyarla nfko r
thehieri rasp pareanntd, thsepsoeu saelsm osnte cessacroimlefry o mo therru ling hSoeusee s.
infSreac tiIoIn. TAh.i tse nsiaonndi, r oniyso, b viouSso.m er oyafalm iliehso,w evenro,t ably
theH apsburmgasd,ea policoyv,es re vergaeln eratioofmn asr,ry inhge irasn,ds o increasing
thepiorw earn dd omainSse.ge e nerAaDlAlMyW ANDRUZSKAT,H EH OUSEO FH ABSBURSGI:X
HUNDREYDE ARSO FA EUROPEADNY NAST(YC athlEepesnt e&i nH ansE pstetirna nDso.u,­
bleda&y C o.1 964()1 956) (distchueps rsoi-nfogr emiagrnr iapgoel iocfyt heH absburgs).
TheA ustribarna ncohf t hefa milyt ooaks i tmso tto":B elglear aan/ti tiuf, e /Aiuxs tria
nube(fL'eo tt hefrisg whatr sb,u ty ouh,a ppAyu strmiaar,r yI)d..a t7 4.T hes trateaglilci anc­
esb egawni tthh ed oublmea rriaogfPe h ilainpdM argaroefBt u rgundIyd.a. t 8 0.T he empire
grewfu rthetrh routghhec hildarnednh eirosfM aximiloifaA nu strIi,ea v entuaellleyc ted
HolRy omanE mperoarn,dt hme arriaogfMe a ximilainadnM ary ofB urgundtyoJ, u anaan d
Juaonf C asti(lteho el decshti ldorfeI ns abIea ln dF erdinIaIn)Sd. e ei d.T hipso lilceydt he
Hapsburgs eventuatlhlleya rtgeoem sptbi uriienlE tu ropaen dt heN ewW orldI.d.
11.S eie nfrSae ctiIoIn. A.
12.Evenh adt heP rincReosysa mla rried theF rfuetduerrIeiI cIk, naunmyb eorf
factomr.isg hhta vec ombinteod chaenvgeen itnso rdetrh aKta isWeirl helmmi ghnto th ave
beebno rn.S eeER ICKSOsNu,p nroat 1e0 a,t 1 45.
FromA gnatSiucc cesstioAo bns oluPtrei mogeniture1 591
Inc ountrpireesp arfoirn gth ea dvent a feomfa les overeimgant,t ers
canm ovem uchm ores moothlAys.s umintgh aatl tlh inpgrso ceeasde x­
pecteSdw,e denn'esx sto verewiiglnbl e fe malei,n s pitoeft hef actth atth e
reignimnogn archha sa sonW.h enC arlX VI Gustafd'asu ghtVeirk toria
wasb orn onJ ulyI4 ,1 977h,e rf ather-tyhoeu ngeosfta familoyffi ve
childroefwn h,o mfo urw ered aughters-n-odtni edc essafarviolryt hen o­
tiotnh at fhiirss t-cbhoirnls dh oulbdeh eitro t het hrorneeg ardloefss esx1 .3
BecauCsea rXlV I wasm aleh,e a utomaticbaelnleyf ifrtoemd t hicsi rcum­
stanbcyeb ecomihnegi tro t het hro1n4eW .h enh iso wns onC arPlh illwiaps
born,t heea geralnyt icipmaatleecd h ilddi splaVciekdt orfoiraa fe w months
andw asr ecogniazseh de iarp pare15n btu,tt heS wedisAhc to fS uccession
changtehd er ulesT.h1e6a doptioofnt hisst atustiegn alas s hiift na ttitudes
towartdh er ighotfsw omeng enerailnml ayt teorfsp roperatnydi nheritance.
Whilweo menh adi nherittheeSd w edisthh roinnet hep astth,e hya d always
donseo i nt hea bsenocfem aleh eirsT.h1e7r uletsh acth angtedh ep ossibil­
itoyf fe malei nheritoafnt cheeS wedisthh rocnaem ei n1 810w itthh eS we-
13.S eeL ancCea mpbSewleld,iQ suhe eWnil lB eP eoplCeh'osi cAeD,V ERTISER,
Feb1.92 ,0 0a5t5, 0 ( "KiCnagrg lr umbtlhewasht i Vlieoc rtiisda o ians gt erjloiobnf pg r e­
paritnorg e ihgen , woulpdr esfttehiraPl trl i nce Caarllm otPswhtoyi elaiyrpos,u nger,
shouilndh tehrheie ta dgear.").
14. Be1t8w1eb8ee,ng inwniitnthghB ee rnadottea nd1dy9 n8at0sh,tySe w edish
monarfoclhlyo waegdn astuiccc esSeseii d.o n.
15. tTehr"emh eaiprp arreenfettr"ots h pee rswohnoi sc onsibdyer riegodhfb t i rth
nexitnl itnose u ccteote hdte h roonfaer eigmnoinnagr SceheB. L ACKL'ASWD ICTIONARY,
supnrao t2e,a t7 92U.n deasr y sttehmpa rt efemrasls eu ccesesvieionffen m,a lceassn u c­
ceeadfe ,m alceh icladnn e vbeer" heiarpepsasr" Se eneit d..S hcea onn lbye" heiprrees­s
sumptivhee,iw"rh oit s"h per esumed" ttoto h tesh urcoscnieene,tcd he me o narccohu ld
alwabye"s p resutmofe adt"(h oe"rrm othieftrh "se o veriesfei mganl aem )a lweh om ight
disptlhafece em aSleeei. d.T hel egfiaclt iwoonu lpdr esummaabilnyte avieinnffo ,re xam­
plteh,fee m almeo naricsph a smte nopaeusspee,c iinta hlilsy t neochwn olaodgviacnacleldy
agSee.ie d. I wto ucledr tamianilnyti atfih mnea lmeo naricso hfa nayg es,i ntcheme o narch
migshttfai tlhlae s ro wnh ow oudlids palna" chee iprreesssu mpSteieid v.e ."
16.S ee The Act of SuccessSiVonE,R IGES R(IJKaSDn5A.,G 2 012),
ht:t/pw/ww.rdiakgse/ne.ns/eHtohwe--Riksdag-wo/rTkhse/-DCeomnosctriatcuytion/The-Act­
of-SuccTehseps rieosnKe/in.nta g n Qdu eehna vteh rcehei ldH.Mr eKni.gn CarXVlI Gus­
taf,S WEDISRHO YALC T.,h ttwwpw:./k/ungahuysaeltc.osuer/t/rrooyalfamily/hmkingcarl
xvisgtauf.4.39l65 1I86 40255 7t2180(0l0a6vs4it4s .iFhteteb2md.3l 2 , 0 13C)r.o wPnr incess
ViktmoarrriiaDe adn iWeels tloinJn ugn 1e9 2,0 1S0e.eS w edish PCrrionwcnVie kstso ria
·
WedsF itnTersasi nBeBrC,N EWS( Ju1n9e2, 0 12h)t,t p://wwuwk./bnbecw.se/o1.0357860.
Shgea vbei rFtehb ru2a32r,0y 1 t2oa d aughSteeeSr we.d ePnr'isn cViekstso rGiiav Beisr th
toB abDya guhteBrB,C N EWS( Fe2b3.2, 0 12h)t,t p://wcow.wu.kb/bnce.ws/world-europe-
17144A5c5c0o.r tdoit nhngee ws uccesrusleitsoh,nic sh iilsnd o ws ecoinnld i net hteo
thraoftneher em ro thSeerei. d.
17.Q ueen Chriisnthienrtaih Stewhe eaddd ti hsrho inn1e 6 3r2e,i gfnreo1dm6 3t2o
165a4n,d atbhdeinc ianfat veodor fh ecro usCihna,r Gluesst aSveugese .ne rGaEllOyR GINA
MASSON, QUEEN( SCHeRc&Ik SWeTarIr NbAu1 r9g6,8U )l.r iElceaa nrourlfraeo dm1 71t9o
1720.fi rTSshwtee dqiusehe n, Margfraorm1e 3t8,9 1 r4tu1oJl2 Oe.Sd E DPAHH MUSSE,V EN
MEDIEQVUAELE 2N6S1 2,7( 51 972).
1592 MichigSatna tlea wR eview Vol2.0 12:1587
dish kiandgo'pst iooftn h eG ascoJne anB emadottacn,o 1ffxi ceirnN apole­
onI 'asr mya ndt he consequent imptohreSt aaltiLicao wn1. 9To hfe c hange
in1 980m adeS wedetnh efi rsEtu ropemaonn archtyor ecogntihzeep rinci­
pleo fe quaslu ccesstioot nh et hroneF.u2r°t hetrh,eb irtohf P rincess
Viktoridaa'usg htienFr e brua2r0y1 s2u ggestthsa t Sweden will sec succes­
sivqeu eenshai spp,e ctatchlaefet w othecro nstitutmioonnaarlc hiheasve
witnessseidn,c2e1 ntohremi sm alen,o tf emalseu,c cession.
Furthtehrr,e oet heyro unwgo menw aiats t hefiart hefrislt lh er oles of
heir-appianrte hneti r reskpiecntgidvoemo sfN orwa2y2,t heN ethearnlds,23
andB elgiumI.n2a 4d ditimoenm,b erosf t he Spapnuibslhi fcr eedliys cuss
whetherrul eosfs uccesssihoonu lcdh angteoa llotwh el nfanLteao noerl,­
derd aughtoefrt heP rincoefA sturitahseh, e itro t het hronteo,i nhertihte
kingdowmh,e ther oars onnio set v ebro rnt oh erp arenAtftse.r h erb irth:
18.W henB ernadostutcec eetdoe dtt hhreo inn1e 8 18he,a dopttherede gnnaalm e
CharleXsI V John.C harleXIsV John,E NCYCLOPtEDBIRAI TANNICA,
http://www.britannica.0c7o2m/7/C7Eh Bacrhleecsk-eX(dIl/Vavt-sioJtspo iiFhtcene/b 2dl.3 ,
2013H)i.ds e scenCdaarXnlVt I G ustraefigtnosd ay.
19.I nteresptriintogotrl h ayed, o ptoifto hnNe a poleCoondiiecn1 804t,h Bea sques
int hFer enpcahro tft hBea sqcuoeu nrtercyo gntihzieed deo afa s ingfilres t-hbeoirnwr h,o
neverthcoeulnleodsdt si spoofst ehp er opewrittyh tohupete rmisosfti horene sotft hsei b­
linSgeseM. a rie-PAirerrirzea bSaulcacgeasS,st iroant eignti hePesy renienet sh1 e9 tChe n­
turyT:h eB asqCuaes e1,0H ISFTA.M 2.7 12,7 1-2772,6( 200H5o)w.e vtehrae,d veonftt h e
NapoleCoondisecw ept tahweatsyre a ditpiroancatIlid. ca et2s 7.2" .T hCei vCiold oef 1 804
imposeeqdu paalr tiatmioonangl t lh ceh ild(rmeanla en dfe malweh)e tnh eec onoemqiuci ­
libroifut mhh eo usaen d lwaanstd hr eateSniendmc.oe s fatm ilioewsn esdm aplrlo perties,
succespsairtvietc ioounel vde ntucaalublsayen kruptIcd.y ."
20.l S§U CCSEISONSORD(NSTvNeGn fOsrkf attnings[SsFaSm1]l8 i1n0g: 0926)
(SwedF.o)tr.h d eu tietsh Keoi fnu gn dtehrSe w edicsohn stitmuotniaorncsahelyDe u, t ioefs
thMeo narcShW,E DIRSOHY ACLT .h,t tp://uwnwgwa.hkuset.se/royalmcoonu­rt/monarchy/the
archyinsweesdoeftnh/edmuotinar1c6h0.15451.83492657f21380020.0h3(tlmavlsi ts iNtoevd.
5,2 012I)ni. t Fsa cSth eetthsSe,w ediIsnhs tietxuptleat ihnes worokfti hnSegw se dish gov­
ernmentS.e e GovernmeTnhte: S wedisShy steomf GovernmeSnWtE,D EN.SE,
httwwpw:/./sweden.se/eng/Home/Society/Govemment-politics/Facts/Swedish-System-of­
Governme(nltav/si ts ite2d3 2,F0 e1b3.) .
21.T her arree ceenxta mpilnecsl tuhdoeos feg randmodtahuegrh,at nedgr r,a nd­
daughQtueere nWsi lhelmJiunlai,aa nnadB, e atirnit xh Nee therlaanndsd iss tGerrasn d
DuchesMsaersi e-AdaenlCdah iadrel oofLt utxee mboSuereQg u.e e(n2s0 atnhd 2J s tC entu­
rie,s H)E TK ONINKLHJU IIKSh ,t :t/p/wkwowin.n kklhijus ni.l g /l obale-paugbirniaesk/etna/a lr
english/history/quletes-ncse-n%t2u8r2(i0letashvs%-it2as 9niF/dte -eb22d. 3 2,0 13C)h;a r­
lottEeN,C YCLOPtEBDRIJAT ANNhItCtAwwp,w: /./britanni/cEaB.cchoe/mctkoepdi7c5/2110/
Charl(oltavtsiets iFteebd. 20231,3 ).
22.T heC rowPnr inocfNe o rwayh aasd aughwtheowr i ll suhcimce eveetdnh ough
sheh asa youngberro thSeereO. r deorf S uccessKiOoNnG,E HU(SMEaTr 5., 2 009),
ht:tww/pw/ .kongehuset.no/c27302/ar.t ikkel/vis.html?tid=28654
23.T hroSnuec cessHiEoTKn O,N INKHLUIIJShKt, t p://www.konnli/neknlciyjcklh uis.
. �
oped1e/mioen/akrocnihnukilsi/jtkr-oon(olpavvsoitls giFiteneb2gd.3/ 2 , 0 13).
24.P nnceEslsi saobfeB tehl gibuomrn,i n2 0I0, i st hoel decshti olfdP rince
. .
Phthptphehe,e ia�rp aretnotK inAgl beIrItS. e eR oyaFla milByE,L AGNIM ONARCHY,
http:/./mwwownarchte-.fabmei(/llryao syta lFveib2s.3i 2,t0 e1d3 ).
FromA gnatSiucc cesstioAo bns oluPtrei mogenitur1e5 93
Ther ig-hwtinnge wspapEelrM undloe dt hec allfosr a constitucthiaonnga.el. . .
"Theb irtohfa daughtaecrc entutahteen se edt or efortmh eC onstitu"t iitao rn­
�
guedI.tw asi llogitchaa"lta s ocietthya its w orkintgoe liminaaltelel eentosf
25
sexisfrmo m itlsa ws dnooctds o t hes amew ith miotnsa rchy."
Why havem anyo ft hec onstitutional imnoE nuarrocphei-enso te
thaetx,c epfto rN orwayt,h eayr ea lsmoe mbers tatoefst heE U26-made
thesceh angeasb andonitnhgem ales uccesspiroenfe renacned,h owh ave
thedyo nei t? fIanc tth,e hya ved onei tt hroutghhe ilre gasly stemisnt, h e
samew ayt hatth eoyr igineanlfolryc eadg natsiucc cessoirom na lep refer­
ence.27
Oner easofno rt her elatirvaepliycd h angien a ttitmuadye bteh ei n­
creasitnugmt owar"dc ommonebrr"i daesm ongt he rofaymaill ieofsE u­
ropeM.a leh eirtso t het hronteo dadyo nots implcyh oosneo n-royal
brides-tihswa,ti vewsh oa ren otfr om other prionrrc oeylahylo useIsn.­
creasintghleyyc hoose brwihdoe asr en ote ven froamr istoc(rnaotbilce )
houses-briwdheosh avei,fn otw orkincgl asast,l eausptp emri ddlcel ass
25. EdwarOdw en,C lamotuoLr e Bta bBye F utuQruee eTnI,M E(SL ONDON)N,o v.
1,2 005a,t3 5.
26. See19 92T reatoyn EuropeUanni opnm bl(.a si ne ffec1t9 92()l istsionmge of
thec urremnetm berosf t heE U).S wedenf,o re xamplceh,a ngeidtr su lebse forei tj ointehde
EU in 1995.S eeS wedeEnU,R .U NION,h ttp://eu.reoup/aabout-eu/countries/member­
countriese/ns/wienddex_e(nl.ahvstitms itFeedb2 .3 ,2 013)T.h eU niteKdi ngdojmo ineidn
1973.U niteKdig ndom,E UR. UNION,h ttp://eu/raobpoau.te-ueu/countries/member­
countriietse/dukningdorn/index(_leanvs.iths timtF eedb 2.3 ,2 013)B.e lgiujmo ineidn1 952
asa foundinmge mberB.e lgiEuUmR,.U NIONh,t tp://euraobpoau.te-ue/u/countries/member­
countrilegsi/ubme/inedne.xh t(ml avsits itFeedb2 .3 ,2 013)T.h eN etherlaanldsjsoo ineidn
-
1952 as a foundinmgember.N etherlaEnURds., UNIOhNt,t p://europa.eu/about­
eu/countries/rm-ecmobuentrieersl/annedtsh/index(_leanvs.iths timtF eedb 2. 3, 2013). Den­
mark join1e9d7 3iD.ne nmarEkU,R. U NIONh,t tp://e.ueruo/paabout-eu/countries/member­
countriemsa/rdke/ninedne.xh t(ml avsits itFeedb .2 3,2 013)S.p aijno ineidn1 986S.p ain,
p
EUR. UNIhOtNt,p ://ae.ueruo/abuo/ucto-uentries/membesr/-scpoauinnt/rieinned.ehxt( ml ast
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visitFeedb 2.3 ,2 01)3. L uxemboujrogi neads a foundimnegm beri n1 952L.u xembourg,
EUR.U NION,h ttp://europuat.-eeuu//acboountries/mem/bleurx-ecmobuonutrrgi_/eeisnn.d ex
htm) (lastF evbi2.s3 i,2t 0e1d3 )N.o rwayi sn ota nE U members tabtuetm aintacilnoss tei es
to tEhUe.N orwaya ndt hEeu ropean NUOnRiWAoYnM ,IS SIOTNOT HEE U (Oc2t0.,2 0 11),
http://www.aeuy-.noorrgw/eu/_naonrdwt_ah yee _u /.
27. Whilae d iscussoifmo onn archsiucc cessoiuotns iEduer opiesb eyontdh es cope
of tAhritsi ccloen,s idfoerre ,x amplteh,ec urre"nstu ccescsriiosnii nsJ "a paEnm.p eroArk i­
hithoa stw o sonsb,o toh fw homh aved aughteTrhseE. m perory'osu ngseorn h aso nes on.
TheJ apanelsien oef s uccesspiaosns eosn lyt hroumgahl esT.h eJ apanePsaer liamaenndt
publhiac veb eend ebatifonrg s omet imew hetheferm alessh ould inthheetr hirto nSee.e
FocuIsm:p erSiuaccle ssIisosnBu eeh iTnadl oknsF emalMee mbeSrtsa't Juasp,an ePsoel 'y
& Pol.D,e c.5 , 2011( httwwpw:/./thefreelibrary.com/FOCUS%3A+lmperial+succession
+issue+behienndt++rteaclks+on.+-.f.ae 0m2a7l4e1 252(9l5a)sv tis itAepdr i1l6 ,201J3a)p;a ­
neseI mperiHaolu sehoAlgde ncyw ebsiatteh ttpww:w//.kuncahio.go.jp/ein(dleaxs.th tml
visiAtperdi 1l6 ,2 013()g ivignegn ealoagnyds uccessriuolneo sfE mpiroefJ apan).
1594 MichigSatna tLea wR eview Vol2.0 121:5 87
backgrounCdrso.w2n8P rincFree deroifk Denmamrakr riaenda dvertising
executfriovme AusrtaliaP,r2i9n cWei lleAml exandoefrt heN etherlands
marritehde d aughtoefra formeorffi ciailn t heA rgentinmiialni tarrey­
gime,P3r0i nFceel iopfeS paimna rriaej do urnailst-anddi vorcaettd h a-t·11
andi n2 001t,h eC rownP rinocfeN orwamya rried a wyoomuannwg h oh ad
a chilbdy a drudge al3e2Ar s. onec ommentaptooirn otust ",W e arca long
28.T hep resKeinnotgf N orway VH amraarlradic eodm moner, Sonja Haraldscn, in
196a8ft eorv ercoompipnogs ifrtoimoh ni sp arenSetesH .e rM ajesty SQounejean.
KONGEHU(SAEpT1r 0., 2h0t1t2wwp)w:,./ k/ongehus8e2t/.anrot/ick2k7?c2tli/dv=i2s8.7h tml
38S.i milCaarrlly ,G XuVsIot faS vw edmeanr rSiieldSv oimam erwlhaotw ha,sn ootn lay
commonbeurt a lsGoe rman-bH.Mo rn.Q ueenS ilviSaW,E DISRHO YALC T.,
httwwpw:./k/ungeath.uosysea/lrcourmt/irloyy/ahlmfqaueen6s0il5lI5 v8i4a2.51487.0f3029 61
01483.(hltavmsilts iFteeb2d.3 2 ,0 13P)r.i nBceeasrstit xh,he e irteots hsDe u ttchhr ornaen,
intsoi miolpapro swihteisnohn ae n nounhec1re9 d6 e6n gagetmoCe lnatvu osAn msbear g,
Germdainp lowmhaoht a bde eanm emboefrt hHei tYloeurta hnh da sde rveidnt hWee hr­
machMta.r lSiismeo Cnlsa,uv so Anm sber76g,P, o pulDaurt cPhr inNc.e,YT .I MEOSc,t7 .,
2002B,8 .a t
29.D anisPhr ince Marries BABuCs tNrEaWlSi( aMna,y 1 4,2 004),
http://cnoe.wusk./b2b/ch.i/esutrmoH;pe re /3R7oy1a1l8 3H7ti.hgeCh rnoewsPnsr incess,
KONGEHUShETt,t p://kdokn/geehnh/gutlsiheset--.hroouysael/Crown-/Phrrihn-cteh-eC­ouple
crown-p(rlianvscites siFste eb2d.3 2 ,01 3).
30.D utch PrMianrcrei eHsi s MaxiBmBaC, NEWS( Feb2., 2 012),
http:s/./bnbecw/.2c/oh.iu/k1e7u9r7o2.p3se3t/ m .
31.S eeW eddiBnegl lFso rS painR'osy alBsB,C N EWS( May2 2,2 004),
http:./b/bcncoeu..wks/2/hi/europese/ea3 l7s3Ro5o 2l1aF3nl.das mtiAmnn;ai l,y sFiutsu:r e
QueetnosB e' CommoneUrPsI,.'C( ONMo 3v,.2 003h)t,tww pw:./u/cpoim./Buss_iNneewss/
Security-ln1d1/u 0sAn3ta/ryl /y2s0i0s3-/F utur-ec-oqmumeoennesIr--st/oU-Pbe
141l0 06 7885896/.
32.W ildC hilWde dsN orwegiParni ncCeN,N WORLD( Aug2.5 ,2 001),
http:/c/narnt.iccolme/8s2-.2050/1w-o0rwralyd./hna_oaIkb_o ins hop-gunnar-staalseth-mette­
marjietes-mst-hoiby-psa=rPtWMyO:-R gLiDrC.lo ?m patrheme a rrioafAg leb eDrutk,oe f
_
Yorske,c osnodon f GeVo arngQdeu eeMna ry Gorfe Barti ttaoEi lni,z abeth Bowes-Lyon,
daughttehErea rolfS torfa thSmeoEer LeIZ.A BLEOTNHG FOTRHDEQ, U EEMNO THE7R- 281,-
28(1 98(1d)e scrtihcbeoi unrgt asnhwdie pd diAntgt )ht.ei mneom, a lmee mboefrt hreo yal
familhyal de gallya c moamrmroisneiednr tc hete i moefJ ameIwsIh eJna mheis msmealrf­
rieAdn nHey ded,a ughotfte hrEe a rolfC larenSdeoeC no.rr ectainodCn lsa rifications,
GUARDI(ANNo 2v1.2, 0 10h)t,tww pw:./ug/ardiuakn/.tchoe.g uIaO r/dnioavn//2220/ corrections
-clarifriocyaatli-nowgne-sdc-doimm(osnheorwssi onmgde e baotveet rh ues oef t htee rms
non-royaclo mvmeornsTeuhrsec) u.r rPernitno cfWe a lehsa msa rrtiweocd ommoners,
DiaSnpae nacneCdra miSlhlaan Sde.eS arLayha Clhla,r lCeasl Elnsd t ot hAeff aiHre:' II
HappiWleydH isCa milNl.aY,T. I MEFSe,b1 .12 ,0 0a5tA, lA.r guatbhmleoy s stp eccutlaar­
lyu nequal imnta errromifssa o gceri aanilkn t hBer itRiosyhFa alm iilnry e cmeenmto hrays
beetnh oaftP rinWciel loifaW ma letshe,el dseoron f C haralneDdsi antaoC, a theMriidn­e
dletoonAn p,r 2i9l2, 0 1S1e.eT imeTso piKcast,Me i dedtlon-tDhuec heosfCs a mbri,d ge
N.Y .T �iES( S�te.1 42,0 12h)t,t p:s/./ntyotpiimces.ceonmc/et/otpi/mreeslfetero/pmi cs/peop
/kate_mtdd.lhett8moqlnaM?/.im dddelxiesnt eoint rhoeynrao lar m emboefra n obhloeu se.
SeeT heD ucheosfCs a mbriOdFgFeI, CWIEABLS IBTREI MTO.N ARCHhYt,tw pw:w/r./oyavl.. go
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u hecurrentRoyalFamilyd/gTeh/eTDhuecDohufecCshasemosbfsrCiadmgb(erl.iaasstp x
v1s1Fteeb2d.3 2,0 13H)e.rl a cokfs taatnudtsh Qeu eenu'nsw illitnogg rnaehnsetstr h e
staotfu" sH eRro yHailg hnheaslsse "td oo npea rticcounlsaerq uOenJn ucne2e.6 2,0 12,
FromA gna/Sfurc:c esstioAo bns oluPtrei mogeniturel5 95
way fro1m9 36w henB ritaiKni'nsgE dwarVdI IaIb dicabteecda uosfeg ov­
ernmento pposittiooh ni sm arriatgoeW alliSsi mpsoann,A mericadni ­
vorceeW.e" h3a3v e aclosmoea lonwga yfr om thel at1e9 50wsh enP rincess
MargarReots eo fE nglantdh,ep reseqnute eny'osu ngesirs tgearv,eu ph er
chosenh usbanGdr,o up CapPteatieTnro wnsenbde,c auhsiesfi rsmta rriage
endeidn d ivorcPer.i34n cWei lliamr'esc ent martroKi aatgeeM iddleton35
revitaltihzede edb atoev err evisiooftn h es uccessriuolnet sot heB ritish
thorne3t6ot hee xtentth awti thian m atteorfm onthtsh eC ommonwealth,
newssu rfatcheadt Qtuheee hna sr e-isstuheeOd r deorf P recedeinntc heeR oyaHlo usehold,
whicfohr ceCsa theraisna e c,o mmonewrh,e nh erh usbainsdn otp resetnotc ,u rtsteoty h e
royalbolrny w omeno ft hef amilSye.eD ucheosfCs a mrbidMgues Ctu rtsteo' yB loPordi n­
cessBeBsC,N 'E WS(J un2e5 , 20h1t2t)pww,:w //.bbc.cnoe.wusk//uk-1858S0a3m2G 2r;e en­
hilKla,t Deo wgnradeDdu:c heIssTos l dt oC urtsteyo' BloPordi nceBsesaetsr'ai ncdEe u ­
genAiseN ewP rotoPcuolsFshu ture DQouwenet nhR eo yaRla nkgisnM,A IOLN LI(NJEu ne
25, 2012),h ttpww:w//.dailayiml.co.ukr/tniecw2ls16e/3-a936/Will-Duchess-Cambridge­
curetys-Prin-cBeesastrice-EugeTnhieoe n.lhryto mylaw.li few hoh ast oc urtsteoCy a therine
ina lcli rcumhs�tsai sS ophiteh,ew ifoef t heE arolf W essexwh,o n oti ncidenitsaa lllsayo
"commoneGrr.e"e nhsiullp,rA aga.i nt,h ed aughtienrt sh icsa seE,u genained B eatrihcaev,e
taketnh es tyloeft heifra theArn,d rewa,u tomaticwahlillyae,p parentthle"y c ommoner"
wiveosfC harlaensdW illihaamv en otS.e ei dI nC amillcaa'sset ,h eQ ueeno ptetdog ive
thnee wcomaer b oositnp recedeRnicceh.a Erdde n& RoyaN ikkhaRho,y aWle ddgi:Nn ew
BriKdaet Mei ddleTtaokneH se rP lacient hReo yaHli erarTcEhLyE,G R(MAPayHI ,2 011),
httwwpw:/./telegroa.puhke./wcns/uknews/rdodyianlg-/w5e874687/Royal-wedding-new­
bride-Katlee-tMoind-dtakes-her-place-icnh-yt.hhet-ImRnlCo .ay tahle-rhiineer'astr hec ase,
Queehna s nyoettd ones o.S eei dH oweveprr,e sumaobnlcye C harlbeesc omKei nga nd
Camilhliacs o nsto,Wr illiawmi'fswe o ulbde comteh es econrda nkirnogy alla diyn t hel and
as thew ife of tahpep ahreeainnrtd a, l tlh eo therro yalla diiensc,l udtihnePg r incReosysa l
andt hed auhgteorsft heD ukeo fY ork, would chuarvtest eothy oe rS.e ei dH oweverro,y al
geneoagliswtesr beu sy betfhoewr eed dintgr aciCnagt hienre'lsi neaagned,u ncoverseudc h
intetriensign formatiaosnt hef amicloyn nectiboentsw eeWni lliaanmd C atheraisnt eh aotf
SirT hoamsF airfaanxd A gnesG ascoigSnee.eT heA ncesotrfCy a therMiinded leton,
WILALMIA DDAMRSE ITWIESNER GENSEEARLVOIGChIEtCStAp,:L / /www.wargs.com/royal/
kate.h(tlmavlsi ts iFteebd2. 3 ,2 01)3.
33. Flamisnui,p nroat 3e1 .
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