Table Of ContentProgress in Inflammation Research
Series Editor
Prof. Dr. Michael J. Parnham
PLiVA
Research Institute
Prilaz baruna Filipovica 25
10000 Zagreb
Croatia
Published titles:
T Cells in Arthritis, P. Miossec, W. van den Berg, G. Firestein (Editors), 1998
Chemokines and Skin, E. Kownatzki, J. Norgauer (Editors), 1998
Medicinal Fatty Acids, J. Kremer (Editor), 1998
Inducible Enzymes in the Inflammatory Response, DA Willoughby, A. Tomlinson (Editors),
1999
Cytokines in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock, H. Redl, G. Schlag (Editors), 1999
Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Skin Diseases, J.-M. Schroder (Editor), 1999
Immunomodulatory Agents from Plants, H. Wagner (Editor), 1999
Cytokines and Pain, L. Watkins, S. Maier (Editors), 1999
In Vivo Models of Inflammation, D. Morgan, L. Marshall (Editors), 1999
Pain and Neurogenic Inflammation, S.D. Brain, P. Moore (Editors), 1999
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Asthma, A.P. Sampson, M.K. Church (Editors), 1999
Novel Inhibitors of Leukotrienes, G. Folco, B. Samuelsson, R.C. Murphy (Editors), 1999
Vascular Adhesion Molecules and Inflammation, J.D. Pearson (Editor), 1999
Metalloproteinases as Targets for Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, K.M.K. Bottomley, D. Brad
shaw, J.S. Nixon (Editors), 1999
Forthcoming titles:
Gene Therapy in Inflammatory Diseases, Ch. Evans, P. Robbins (Editors), 1999
New Cytokines as Potential Drugs, S.K. Narula, R. Coffman (Editors), 2000
High-Throughput Screening for Novel Antiinflammatories, M. Kahn (Editor), 2000
Free Radicals and Inflammation
Paul G. Winyard
David R. Blake
Christopher H. Evans
-- _._----
Editors
Springer Basel AG
Editors
Dr. Paul G. Winyard Prof. Christopher H. Evans
St. Bartholomew's and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
The Royallondon School of Mediane and Dentistry Musculoskeletallnstitute
Queen Mary and Westfield College 986 Scaife Hali
25-29 Ashfield Street Pittsburgh, PA 15261
london E1 1AD USA
UK
Prof. David R. Blake
School of Postgraduate Medicine
University of Bath
Claverton Down
Bath BA27AY
UK
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the library of Congress, Washington D.C., USA
Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Free radlcals and inflammation led. by Paul G. Winyard .. , -Basel
; Boston ; Berlin: Birkhăuser, 2000
(progress in inflammation research)
ISBN 978-3-0348-9586-6 ISBN 978-3-0348-8482-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-0348-8482-2
The publisher and editor can give no guarantee for the information on drug dosage and administration contained in
this publication. The respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other sources of reference in each individual
case.
The use of registered names, trademarks etc. in this publication, even if not identified as such, does not imply that
they are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations or free for general use.
This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned,
specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of iIIustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro
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be obtained.
C 2000 Springer Basel AG
Originally published by Birkhăuser Verlag in 2000
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 2000
Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp. TCF 00
Cover design: Markus Etterich, Basel
Cover iIIustration: Macrophage-like cells within the rheumatoid synovium staining positive for activated NF-1CB.
With the friendly permission of Dr. Paul G. Winyard, st. Bartholomew's and The Royallondon School of Medicine and
Dentistry, london, UK
ISBN 978-3-0348-9586-6
987654321
Contents
List of contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
David R. Blake, Paul G. Win yard, Chris H. Evans
Preface............................................................................ xi
David R. Blake, Tulin Bodamyali, Cliff R. Stevens and Paul G. Winyard
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Tulin Bodamyali, Cliff R. Stevens, David R. Blake and Paul G. Win yard
Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and acute inflammation:
A physiological process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11
David R. Blake, Tulin Bodamyali, Cliff R. Stevens and Paul G. Winyard
Free radicals and pathology: current concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17
Owen T G. Jones and John T Hancock
The NADPH oxidase of neutrophils and other cells... ........................... 21
Nigel Beniamin
Nitric oxide - a novel antimicrobial agent........................................ 47
Roger Harrison
Xanthine oxidoreductase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 65
Vanessa Gilston, David R. Blake and Paul G. Winyard
Inflammatory mediators, free radicals and gene transcription. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 83
Matthew B. Grisham and Robert E. Wolf
Reactive metabolites of oxygen and nitrogen, adhesion molecule expression
and chronic joint inflammation ................................................... 99
Contents
Takashi Okamoto and Toshifumi Tetsuka
Role of thioredoxin in the redox regulation of gene expression
in inflammatory diseases .......................................................... 119
Yvonne Y. C. Lo, Johnson M.S. Wong, Wing-Fai Cheung and Tony F. Cruz
Reactive oxygen species and the regulation of metalloproteinase
expression ........................................................................ 133
Chris H. Evans and Maja Stefanovic-Racic
Nitric oxide and inflammatory joint diseases ..................................... 155
Heather MacPherson and Stuart H. Ralston
Nitric oxide and bone destruction ................................................ 169
Joseph Lunec and Helen R. Griffiths
Why does chronic inflammation persist? A radical autoimmune
perspective ........................................................................ 183
George A. C. Murrell
Radicals, granuloma formation and fibrosis ...................................... 195
Christopher A. Bombeck, Jianrong Li and Timothy R. Bil/iar
Reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and apoptosis .............................. 207
Harparkash Kaur and Barry Halliwell
Evolving measurements of radical products - how much do they tell us
about inflammation? ............................................................. 221
Sally Edmonds
Do antioxidants have a role in the therapy of human
inflammatory diseases? ........................................................... 241
Index .............................................................................. 253
vi
List of contributors
Nigel Benjamin, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Bartholomew's and The
Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London
EC1, UK; e-mail: [email protected]
Timothy R. Billiar, Department of Surgery, AI0I0 Presbyterian University Hospital,
200 Lothrop Street, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
David R. Blake, School of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Bath, Claverton
Down, Bath BA2 7 AY, UK; e-mail: [email protected]
Tulin Bodamyali, School of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Bath, Claverton
Down, Bath BA2 7 AY, UK; e-mail: [email protected]
Christopher A. Bombeck, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis
East Bay, 1411 East 31st St., Oakland, CA 94602, USA;
e-mail: [email protected]
Wing-Fai Cheung, Connective Tissue Research Group, Samuel Lunenfeld Research
Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G lX5 and Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S lAS,
Canada
Tony F. Cruz, Connective Tissue Research Group, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Insti
tute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G lX5 and Department of Cellu
lar and Molecular Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S lAS, Canada
Sally E. Edmonds, Oxford Regional Rheumatic Diseases Research Centre, Stoke
Mandeville Hospital NHS Trust, Mandeville Road, Aylesbury, Bucks HP21 SAL,
UK
List of contributors
Chris H. Evans, Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, 221
Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Vanessa Gilston, Bone and Joint Research Unit, St. Bartholomew's and The Royal
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, Uni
versity of London, 25-29 Ashfield Street, London El 2AD, UK
Helen R. Griffiths, University of Leicester, Division of Chemical Pathology, Hodgkin
Building, MRC Centre for Mechanisms in Human Toxicity, Lancaster Road,
Leicester, LEl 9HN, UK
Matthew B. Grisham, Ph.D., Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology,
Louisiana State University Medical Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA
71130, USA; e-mail: [email protected]
Barry Halliwell, Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 10
Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260; e-mail: [email protected]
John T. Hancock, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of
the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 lQY, UK;
e-mail: [email protected]
Roger Harrison, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath
BA2 7A Y, UK; e-mail: [email protected]
Owen T.G. Jones, Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, School of
Medical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 lTD, UK
Harparkash Kaur, Northwick Park Institute of Medical Research, Department of
Surgical Research, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HAl 3UJ, UK;
e-mail: [email protected]
Jianrong Li, Department of Surgery, AI0I0 Presbyterian University Hospital, 200
Lothrop Street, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
Yvonne Y.c. Lo, Connective Tissue Research Group, Samuel Lunenfeld Research
Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G lX5 and Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S lA8,
Canada
viii
List of contributors
Joseph Lunec, University of Leicester, Division of Chemical Pathology, Hodgkin
Building, MRC Centre for Mechanisms in Human Toxicity, Lancaster Road, Leices
ter, LEI 9HN, UK
Heather MacPherson, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Foresterhill,
Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; e-mail: [email protected]
George A.C. Murrell, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of New South
Wales, St. George Hospital Campus, Sydney 2217, Australia;
e-mail: [email protected]
Takashi Okamoto, Department of Molecular Genetics, Nagoya City University
Medical School, 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467, Japan;
e-mail: [email protected]
Stuart H. Ralston, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Foresterhill,
Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; e-mail: [email protected]
Maja Stefanovic-Racic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pitts
burgh School of Medicine, Room C313 PUH, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA
15213, USA
Cliff R. Stevens, School of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Bath, Claverton
Down, Bath BA2 7 AY, UK; e-mail: [email protected]
Toshifumi Tetsuka, Department of Molecular Genetics, Nagoya City University
Medical School, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467, Japan;
e-mail: [email protected]
Paul G. Winyard, Bone and Joint Research Unit, St. Bartholomew's and The Royal
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, 25-29 Ashfield Street, London El 2AD,
UK; e-mail: [email protected]
Robert E. Wolf, Division of Rheumatology, Louisiana State University Medical Cen
ter, 1501 Kings Highway, P.O. Box 33932, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
Johnson M.S. Wong, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and
Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario M5G lL6, Canada
ix
Preface
As in so many fields of scientific endeavour following the molecular biology revo
lution, our knowledge of the role of radicals not only in pathological states, but in
basic physiology has developed exponentially. Indeed, our evolving concepts have,
like so many political parties, been forced into dramatic "V-turns" and contortions.
Within our working lives, we have had to debate whether radicals made any con
tribution to any pathology, whilst now it is difficult not to entertain the view that
every physiological process is pivotally controlled by exquisitely sensitive radical
reactions.
Inflammation is, of course, an example of pathology evolving from physiology,
and in this book we have called upon both scientists and clinicians who have
research interests in the complex switching mechanisms that sustain these transi
tions. The book as a whole explores, from a physiological standpoint, how deter
ministic radical systems sensitive to their initial conditions can interdigitate, iterate
and feed back to control diverse cellular processes that create the inflammatory
response.
Whilst systems such as these to a mathematician would provide the basis for a
chaotic response, one is forced to marvel how, for all stages of an inflammatory
reaction, this system appears exquisitely controlled, making therapeutic manipula
tion both possible and, to some extent, predictable.
July 1999 Paul G. Winyard
David R. Blake
Chris H. Evans
