Free Radicals and Aging

453 Pages·1992·16.01 MB·English

by  Denham Harman (auth.)

EXS 62
Free Radicals
and Aging
Edited by Ingrid Emerit
Britton Chance
Birkhauser Verlag
Basel . Boston . Berlin
Editors' addresses:
Dr. Ingrid Emerit Prof. B. Chance
Directeur de Recherche C.N.R.S. University of Pennsylvania
Institut Biomedical des Cordeliers Department of Biochemistry
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie and Biophysics
15-21, Rue de I'Ecoie de Medecine 0-501 Richards Building
F-75006 Paris Philadelphia, PA 19104-6089
France U.S.A.
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the
absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws
and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher cannot assume any legal responsibility for given data, especially as far as
directions for the use and the handling of chemicals and drugs are concerned. This informa
tion can be obtained from the manufacturers.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Free radicals and aging / edited by Ingrid Emerit, Britton Chance.
p. cm.-(EXS; 62)
Includes index.
ISBN 978-3-0348-7462-5 ISBN 978-3-0348-7460-l(eBook)
DOl 10.1007/978-3-0348-7460-1
I. Free radicals (Chemistry) -Physiological effect. 2. Aging-Molecular aspects.
3. Free Radicals-metabolism-congresses.
I. Emerit, Ingrid. II. Chance, Britton. III. Series.
[DNLM: I. Aging-physiology-congresses. WI E65 v.62 / WT 104 F8529]
RB170.F75 1992
612.6'7-dc20
Deutsche Bibliothek CataIoging-in-Publication Data
Free radicals and aging / ed. by Ingrid Emerit; Britton
Chance.-Basel; Boston; Berlin: Birkhiiuser, 1992
(EXS; 62)
ISBN 978-3-0348-7462-5
NE: Emerit, Ingrid [Hrsg.]; GT
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the
material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations,
broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data
banks. Under §54 of the German Copyright Law, where copies are made for other than
private use, a fee is payable to 'Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort', Munich.
©1992 Birkhiiuser Verlag
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1992
P.O. Box 133
CH-4010 Basel
Switzerland
(FAX: + +41/61 271 76 66)
ISBN 978-3-0348-7462-5
Contents
Preface.................................................. x
Part I: The Intrinsic Aging Process
Theoretical Considerations
D. Harman
Free radical theory of aging: History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
v. K. Koltover
Free radical theory of aging: View against the reliability theory 11
M. G. Simic
The rate of DNA damage and aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
R. G. Cutler
Genetic stability and oxidative stress: Common mechanisms in
aging and cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
J. Miquel, E. de Juan and l. Sevila
Oxygen-induced mitochondrial damage and aging. . .. . . . . . . . . 47
Biochemical Markers of Aging
B. Chance, W. W. Bank and C. Zhang
Instabilities of metabolic regulations in aging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
E. R. Stadtman, P. E. Starke-Reed, C. N. Oliver, J. M. Carney
and R. A. Floyd
Protein modification in aging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
C. Guarnieri, C. Muscari and C. M. Caldarera
Mitochondrial production of oxygen free radicals in the heart
muscle during the life span of the rat: Peak at middle age. . . 73
M. R. Marzabadi, D. Yin and U. T. Brunk
Lipofuscinogenesis in a model system of cultured cardiac
myocytes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
vi
I. Ceballos-Picot, A. Nicole and P.-M. Sinet
Cellular clones and transgenic mice overexpressing copper-zinc
superoxide dismutase: Models for the study of free radical
metabolism and aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
J. Remade, C. Michiels and M. Raes
The importance of antioxidant enzymes in cellular aging and
degeneration .......................................... 99
G. Barja de Quiroga, M. Lopez-Torres and R. Perez-Campo
Relationship between antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and aging 109
W. G. Siems, T. Grune, B. Beierl, H. Zollner and H. Esterbauer
The metabolism of 4-hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation
product, is dependent on tumor age in Ehrlich mouse ascites
cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
J. Vifia, J. Sastre, V. Anton, L. Bruseghini, A. Esteras and
M. Asensi
Effect of aging on glutathione metabolism. Protection by
antioxidants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Part II. Age-Related Diseases
Cardiovascular System
H. Esterbauer, G. Waeg, H. Puhl, M. Dieber-Rotheneder and
F. Tatzber
Inhibition of LDL oxidation by antioxidants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
N. Dousset, J. C. Dousset, M. L. Sotera and P. Valdiguie
Desialylated low density lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. . . . . . 158
D. Boscoboinik, E. Chatelain, G.-M. Bartoli and A. Azzi
Molecular basis of IX-tocopherol inhibition of smooth muscle cell
proliferation in vitro ................................... 164
Brain
P. H. Evans, E. Yano, J. Klinowski and E. Peterhans
Oxidation damage in Alzheimer's dementia, and the potential
etiopathogenic role of aluminosilicates, microglia and
micronutrient interactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
K. L. Brugge, S. Nichols, D. Delis, T. Saitoh and D. Truaner
The role of alterations in free radical metabolism in mediating
cognitive impairments in Down's syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
vii
B. Delbarre, G. Delbarre and F. Calinon
Free radicals and neurotransmitters in gerbil brain. Influence of
age and ischemia reperfusion insult. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
M. Hiramatsu, R. Edamatsu and A. Mori
Free radicals, lipid peroxidation, SOD activity, neurotransmitters
and choline acetyltransferase activity in the aged rat brain. . 213
J.-F. Ghersi-Egea and M.-H. Livertoux
Evidence for drug metabolism as a source of reactive species in
the brain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Cancer
N. I. Krinsky
Anticarcinogenic activities of carotenoids in animals and cellular
systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
M. Gerber and C. Segala
Aging and cancer: Plasma antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in
young and aged breast cancer patients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
B. M. Hannigan, S.-A. M. Richardson and P. G. McKenna
DNA damage in mammalian cell lines with different antioxidant
levels and DNA repair capacities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
C. E. P. Goldring, W. L. Hu, N. R. Rao, C. Rice-Evans,
R. H. Burdon and A. T. Diplock
Variable a-tocopherol stimulation and protection of glutathione
peroxidase activity and non-transformed and transformed
fibroblasts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
P. Bienvenu, L. Caron, D. Gasparutto and J.-F. Kergonou
Assessing and counteracting the prooxidant effects of anticancer
drugs................................................. 257
Eye Disease
A. Taylor
Effect of photooxidation on the eye lens and role of nutrients in
delaying cataract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
W. Schalch
Carotenoids in the retina - A review of their possible role in
preventing or limiting damage caused by light and oxygen .. 280
M. Do/y, M.-T. Droy-Lefaix and P. Braquet
Oxidative stress in diabetic retina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
viii
Cartilage, Collagen and Skin
Y. Henrotin, G. Deby-Dupont, C. Deby, P. Franchimont and
I. Emerit
Active oxygen species, articular inflammation and cartilage
damage............................................... 308
J. C. Monboisse and J. P. Borel
Oxidative damage to collagen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
I. Emerit
Free radicals and aging of the skin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Diabetes, Gastrointestinal Tract
A. J. Sinclair, A. H. Barnett, A. J. Girting and J. Lunec
Modulators of free radical activity in diabetes mellitus: Role of
ascorbic acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
T. Yoshikawa, S. Takahashi and M. Kondo
Possible role of free radicals in the chronic inflammation of the
gut... . . . . .. .... . . .... . . . ... . ... . . .... .. . . ... . ... ..... 353
Part III. Epidemiologic Studies, Nutrition and Antioxidant
Supplementation
Y. Artur, B. Herbeth, L. Guemouri, E. Lecomte, C. Jeandel and
G. Siest
Age-related variations of enzymatic defenses against free radicals
and peroxidates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
M. SimonojJ, C. Sergeant, N. Garnier, P. Moretto, Y. Llabador,
G. Simonoff and C. Conri
Antioxidant status (selenium, vitamins A and E) and aging. . . . 368
M. Eichholzer, H. B. Stiihetin and K. F. Gey
Inverse correlation between essential antioxidants in plasma and
subsequent risk to develop cancer, ischemic heart disease and
stroke respectively: 12-year follow-up of the Prospective Basel
Study................................................. 398
M. Meydani
Vitamin E requirement in relation to dietary fish oil and
oxidative stress in elderly ............................... 411
J. J. Strain and C. W. Mulholland
Vitamin C and vitamin E - synergistic interactions in vivo? ... 419
ix
A. Z. Reznick, E. H. Witt, M. Silbermann and L. Packer
The threshold of age in exercise and antioxidants action . . . . . . 423
G. P. Deucher
Antioxidant therapy in the aging process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Acknowledgements... . ... . .... .. ..... . .. ........ . . . ....... 438
Subject Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Preface
Many theories have been advanced to account for the process of
aging. The argument that free radicals cause non-specific damage to
macromolecules, such as DNA, lipids and proteins, has been called the
free radical theory of aging. This theory proposed by D. Harman in
1956 has become quite persuasive in recent years due to developments in
free radical biology. It is of practical interest, because it raises the
possibility that the aging process could be influenced by interventions
that modify free radical reactions. Since we are principally dealing with
oxygen-derived free radicals, natural or synthetic antioxidants may have
the power of retarding the aging process. The two major causes of
death, atherosclerosis and cancer, are also related to increased oxygen
radical production and can possibly be influenced by appropriate an
tioxidant treatment.
In our modern societies, average life expectancy now approaches a
maximum of about 85 years. The risk of death drops after birth to a
minimum figure around puberty and then rises almost exponentially at
a standard rate so that few individuals reach 100 and none live beyond
115 years. Appropriate nutrition pr,pgrams aimed at decreasing morbid
ity and mortality caused by degenerative diseases and non-specific age
changes, and - if necessary - antioxidant supplements, should extend
the span of healthy, productive life. It is indeed the primary objective of
aging research to improve the quality of life and not simply extend it.
This means that years can be added during which not only the individ
uals, but also society would benefit of the skills gained over a lifetime.
This volume assembles a selection of articles which have been criti
cally refereed and whose authors were requested to write their respective
contribution in the style of a small review. The carefully chosen group
of authors who agreed to contribute to this volume emerged from the
conference "Free Radicals and Aging" which took place in Paris at the
end of September 1991 under the auspices of the Society for Free
Radical Research, the University of Paris VI and the Centre National
de la Recherche Scientifique.
The Editors