Free English Grammar

487 Pages·2016·17.97 MB·English

by  Mary Ansell

EngliGsrha mmar
ENGLIGSRHA MMAERX:P LATNIAONASND E XECRISES
byM aryA nseSlelc.o enddi tCioopny.r ©i 2g0h0t0
Them ateritahlbi osio mnka yb eu sefdr eefloyr naonny· ceormcmpiuaplro sheo;w ever,
noc hantgoet sh ceo ntmeanyt mbaed wei thtohueetx prpeesrsm isosfti hoaenu thor.
Thec onteonftt hsbe o ocka bne s eeanta g lanfcreot mh Tea bolfeC ontewnhtisc,h
contaliisnnt skoa lolft hmea tercioaveldr .Te heiraesl soI nadne x.
TOT HER EADER
Thibso ohka tsh feo llofweia tnugr es:
Alolf tehses enptoiianolftE sn glgirsamhma arr ceo vered.
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Eacpho ionfgt r ammaris cleexaprllayia nneddi ,li lsu stbyr atexeadm ples.
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Foerv eirym porptoanintot fg rammar,m oorneeex eorrca irspeer sod veidt,om akiet
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easiteolr e aarnnrd e memtbhemera terial.
Answefrotsrh eex ercairspeer sod veid.
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As umamroyf t hues easn fdo rmaotfit ohEnen glviesrthbe nsiegssi vfeonr easy
*
reference.
Gramtmiacadleltye rmriunlefedoss r p ellpirnogn,u ncainadpt uinocnt,u aartei on
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included.
Thega rmmaorfN orAtmhe riEcnagnl iiss hea mspihzed.
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Gramtmiacdailf ferbeentcweefseo nr maanlid n forEmnagll ispho ianortueet d.
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TABLE COONF TENTS
THEU SEASN DF ORMIAOTN TOHFEE NGLVIESRHTB E NSES
THEAC ITVVEO ICOEFT HEVE RTBO S HOW
THVEE RTBO BE TAHNEPD A SSVIOVIECO FET HEVE RTBO S HOW
COMMOENN GLIISRRHE GUVLEARRB S
CHAPT1ETR.h es impplree soeftn thv ee rtbo be
1.G rammar
2.V erbf orms
3.U seosft eh ismlpep ersnette nse
4.T he siemp prelstoe fnth ev erbt o be
a.A ffirmsattaitveem ents
b.Q uestions
c.Ne gaivets tateentms
d.Ne gatqiuvees tions
e.T aqg uesiotns
Exercises
CHAPT2E.TR h esmi plep resoefvn etr obtsh eharn t ther bvt eo be
1.T hef ormaotfith eo nis mlepp ersnet
a.Th e mpsliep resoefnh ettv ertboh aev
2.S pelrluilnfegosa r d disin gnt hteh ipredr ssoinn gular
a.V erebnsd inyg in
b.V erebns diinn0 g
c.Ve rbesn diinnchg , sh,,x o sr z
3.P ronuncoifta hteeis eon ndn gi
4.T hea uxildioa ry
a.Q uestions
b.N egatsitvaet ements
c.Ne gaivteq uesiotns
d.T aqg uestions
e.Th ev erbt oha ve
Exercises
CHAPT3E.TR h ep ersnetc ontinuous
1.U seso ft ehp resecnotn tinuous
2.F ormaotfit ohnpe r esceonntt inuous
3.S pelrluilnegst hffeoo rrm aotfit ohpner espeanrctti iple
a.V erebnsd iinnags ielnte
b.Ve rsbe ndiinnige
c.O n·es yalblelv erbsn dnegii nas iglenc osnonnatp recebdye sdnai g elv oewl
d.V erbs otfh amonon rese y llwahbilceenh di nas incgolnes opnraencte bdyae d
snig lveo wel
4.Q uestainondne sg atsitvaet ements
a.Q uestiso n
b.N egatsitvaet ements
c.N egatqiuvees tions
d.T agq uestions
5.C ompanro ifts houees so fth es imepp lersent apnerdsen tc onintuosu
Exeisrecs
CHAPT4E.TR h ep respeenrtf aencdt ptrhees peenrtf ceocntt inuous
1.U soef t hper espeenrtf ect
2.F ormaotfit oehnp e rsent eprefctR:e guvlerasbr
3.S pelinlg lreus afdodr iendtg of ortmh pea spatr tpilce i
a.V erebns diinnags ilee nt
b.V erebns diinnyg
c.V erebns diinnags ingle cpornescoendaensdti nbvgyol weae l
4.P ronuncoifta hteeid eo nn ding
5.F ormaotfit oehnp renstpe eferc:tr rIelagruv erbs
6.Q uestainodnn esg atsitvaet ements
a.Q uestions
b.N egatsitvaet ements
c.Ne gaietvq ueisotns
d.T aqgu estsi on
7.T hep renstep efrecctont inouus
a.U se
b.F ormation
c.Qu estionnse gaainetvds t eamtents
Exreceiss
CHAPT5E.TR h es impplaes t
1.U seosft hsei pmlpea st
2.F ormatioonft hsei mlepp ast
a.Th ev ertbob e
iQ.u estiondnn se gaatstiavemtee nst
b.O thveerr bs
iQ.u estainondne sg atsitvaet ements
3.T hes impplaeso tft ou sfeo llobwyae ndi nnfiitive
Exercises
CHAPT6E.RT he pcaosntt intuhopeua ssp,te rfaencdt thpee rpfacesoctnt t inuous
1.S ummaroyft hues est hoEefn gltiesnhs es
2.T hep ascto ntinuous
a.Us e
b.F oramtion
c.Q uestainodn sn egsattaitveem ents
3.T hep aspte rfect
a.U se
b.F ormation
c.Qu estionnesg aiaetvns dtte aments
4.T he ppaesrtfc eocntt inuous
a.U se
b.F ormation
c.Qu etsisoa nnde gnaets itveamtents
5.S ummaroyf tfhoer maotfit ohEnen glpirsseehn t paanstdte nses
6.E mphasttiact ements
Exercsi se
CHAPT7E.TR h efu tutreen ses
1.T hes impfluet ure
a.U se
b.F ormation
c.Q uestoins naengda ets itveamtents
2.T heo ncjguatnie xoperssidentegr mniatiaonncd o mpulsion
3.T hep resceonntt inoufto ogu osf o llobwyae ndi nftiinvie
4.T he fuctounnrtueios u
a.U se
b.F ormation
c.Qu estionnse gaaivnetds t teaments
5.T he fupteurrfee ct
a.U se
b.F ormation
c.Qu etsisoa nnnde gaets itvatements
6.Th ef uteup rerfecttniu ocuosn
a.U se
b.F ormation
c.Q uestainondne sg atsitvaet ements
7.S ummaroyft hfeo rmaotfit ohEneng lishr etf ensuest u
8.C lauses
a.C ooirndeac tlauses
b.S ubordcilnaautsee s
c.T hep aspte rfaencdt thpelp eas sitm
d.T he oufst eh e prienssu ebnotr dcilnaauttseoee xsp rfeustsu re actions
Exercises
CHAPT8E.RC onjugawtiittohhn aesu xilwioaurlyd
1.U seosft haeu xilwioaurlyd
2.F ormation of wciottnhhj aeuux igalartiwyio ounlsd
a.Th es ipmlceo ngjautiwointth he a uxilwioaurlyd
b.T hec ontincuoonujastu igwointt heh uaxliiawroyu ld
c.T hepe rfceocntj ugwaitttihho en ialuiwxaoruyl d
d.T hep erfceocntt isnc uoonujugwaitttihho aenu xilwioaurlyd
3.S ummaroyf tfhoer maotfit ohcneo njugawtiittohhn aesu xilwioaurlyd
4.T he· ·feui tntu ehrp ast"·
Exreceiss
CHAPT9E.TR h es ubnjcutive
1.U seosft ehs uubnjct iev
2.F ormaotfit oehn u sbjctuinev
3.F ormcaolm manadnrsde quests
4.W ishes
a.A ne arltiiemre
b.T hes amtei me
a.T heS imepP rlenseti ndaiteci v
b.T heo thera tiintvdeein cses
c.S umamry tohffeo rmaotfit ohinen cdaititveen soefts h pea ssvioviec e
3.Q uestainodn sn egsattaitveem ents
a.Q ueiosnts
b.Ne gavets iatteenmts
c.Ne gaivteq uesiotns
4.C hangtihneg voofi vcaee r b
5.C hangtihnvego iocfe v ae rb wphrielsneeg rt vhimee aniofn gsa e ntence
a.Ch angnigt hvee rb tfehra ocmt ivvoeeit coh etp assvioveie c
b.Ch anngg ihetv erfbr othme p assviovietc oeth ea civtev oice
c.C hangtihnvego iceav eorfwb h ich btoatkahde ise rcotb jeacntad n i dnierct
object
6.T hes ubnjcutimvoeoo df t hpea ssvioviec e
a.Us eo ft he lseip emrspnetsu bjunec tiv
b.U soef t hpea sfto romfst hseu bnjcutei v
Exeisrecs
CHAPT1E3.RN ounTsh:ef ormaotfip olnu rals
1.P ropneoru ns
2.C ountean obulsn
3.T hef ormaotfipl orunlas
a.N ouns einncd hi,,ns hg,s oxr z
b.N ouns einnyd ing
c.P laulrosfp ropneoru ns
d.N ounnsd ieinnfg o rf e
e.N ousn nediinn0g
f.F oreign words
g.H yphennaotuends
h.N umebsra nlde tters
iI.rr eagrup llrulas
Exeisrecs
CHAPT1E4.RS ingcuoluanrt naobulnes
1.T he oufsd ee termwiinteshri sn gcuoluanrt able nouns
2.A anda n
3.T heu soef a a nda nb eofres nig ulcoaurn tean boluns
a.Aw eakenfeordom fo ne
b.N amianp gr ofession
c.M akniga g enesrtaalt ement
d.R eferritnosgo methinnomgte ntioneeofder b
e.A o ra nw ittheh m eanigno fp er
4.T he ustehb ee offo srien gcuoluanrt naobulnes
a.R efenrgr sitoom etmheinntgi obneefdor e
b.R eferritnosgo metnhgiu nieq u
c.R eefrrnigt os oemthinwghe n icto nissri edodeb viwohuast eiasn tm
d.R eferrngit os oemthinagsa c lass
Exeisrecs
CHAPT1E5.RP ularlc ouanbetln ouns
1.T hae bsencaed eotfe rmbienfeoprrl eu croauln table nouns
a.M akniga g enesrtaalt ement
b.R efenrgtr osi ometnhoimtne gn tiobneefdo re
c.N amianp gr ofession
2.T heU soef T heB efoprleaul cr ounletn aobusn
a.R eferrnig sotome tnhgi emntieodn efbore
b.R efenrgtr osi omethinigit cs w ohnesni doebrveiwdoh uast m eiasn t
c.N amesn aotfi onalities
d.A dejcteisev frreritnocg l asosfe ospp ele
3.T heu soef t hew itphr oerpn ouns
a.N ameosfp eople
b.N amseo f places
4.N ouunss ed ionn lptylh uer al
Exercises
CHAPT1E6R.U ncounntoaubnles
1.T hae bsencaed eotfe rmbienfeourrn ec ountable nouns
a.M akniga g enesrtaalt ement
b.R eferrngit os oemthinnomgte ntioned before
2.T heus eo ft heb efroeu ncotubaenln ousn
a.R eferrnig stooem tnhgi emntieodn efbore
b.R efenrgtr osi omethinigit cs w ohnesni doebrveiwdoh uast m eiasn t
3.T he oufsu en countablere fnteooiru n ndsi vttiohd iunagls
4.N ouns whbiece hie trchc aonut nabolrue n coulen tab
a.D iefrefnceisn me aning
b.R eferritnoag tyopfsoe m ething
c.R efenrgtr opi lacuessef dos rp ecaicftiicv ities
d.N amesm eoafl s
5.I nftiinvuiesse dt hipenl ace of nouns
6.Ge runs d
7.S pecivferibcfs o lwleodb yi nftiienvsi agnedr unds
a.Ve rbfso llobwyie fndi inviets
b.V erfbosl lobwyee idt hienrft iinvoiergs e runds
c.V erfboslw leodb y gerunds
Exercises
CHAPT1ER7.N ouns inpdoiscsaetsaisnncdig oo nm posuunbdj ects
1.W ayisnw h ich poisissn ecdsaistieodn
a.T hee ndisn g
b.T hee ndis'n g
c.Ph reasse gbnininwgi tohf
d.T woc onsecnuotuinvse
2.A greemenotfv erwbist cho llencotuianvnsecd o mposuunbdj ects
a.C oelclvtein ouns
b.A mounctosn seidd earwsh oal e
c.C ompousnudb jects
iC.o mpound subajnedc ts with
iiC.o mpousnudb jewcittoshro r nor
d.No unfso leldo wbeysc rdiepp thiarvess
Exreceiss
CHAPT1E8R.P ersopnraoln ouns
1.T he usbejcitevc ase
2.A greement poersfo nlap ronsow uintthh eaintre cdeents
a.M alaen fde maalnet ecedents
b.S ingaunlpdal ru arnatle cedents
c.H umaann d hnuomn·aa nn tecedents
3.S peciuasleo sfi t
4.T heo bjecteic vase
5.P ossesspievres opnraoln ouns
a.P ossessive adjectives
iP.o sseasdsjiveeecs tu isvewdi th gerunds
b.P osssesipvreoo nuns
6.Re felxveip ronouns
Exeisrecs
CHAPT1E9RO .t ehrp ronouns
1.I nedfienp irtonso un
a.Th eu se oonfei nge nerale msenttast
2.R eciprporcoanlo uns
3.D emonasttiprvreo nouns
4.I netrrogaptriovneo uns
a.D iercqtue stions
b.T hep ronwohuon
iW.h o
iiW.ho m
iiWih.o se
c.W haatn wdh ich
d.Ind iecrtq uestsi on
iI.nt errogeaw toirvd haess u btject
iiI.ne trrogawtoirvdte haoesb jeocft v ae robrp reposition
iiTih.e vteor bwb iet ahn ouonrp roncooumnp lement
5.R elatpirvoen ouns
a.De finnga ind neofnniing· delrtaievc lsaeus
iN.on ·edfniinregla teic vlauses
iiD.enf iinrge lactliavues es
b.T hat
c.W hich
d.W how,h oma ndw hose
e.C omparoiftsh eou ns oef th a,tw hicahn wdh o
fO.t hreerl aptriovne ouns
Exercises
CHAPTERD e2et0r.me irsn
1.D eetrmeirnsu setdor e fre gtroo uopfts w o rpsneso tohr ings
2.D etermuisneeadrss s i ngourl aprlp urroanlo uns
3.T he oufsa el,b l otahn eda ch
4.T heu seo fn o,n oena nndo t
5.T heus eo fs omea nadn y
6.T he usaen oot,fho eterh,ro thearnsed l se
7.T he oufso enl y
8.T he oufsf ee,w l itatnlsdee veral
9.Th e xeprieosnsss uch. ..t ha,t .s.ot. h aantd t oo
a.Su ch ...t hat
b.S o. .t.ha t
c.T oo
Exercises
CHAPT2E1RA .de jcteis:vP osiitnais oenn tncee
1.P ropaedrj ectives
2.A ttribaudetjcitviev es
a.O rdoefra ttribaudtjievcet ives
iD.e tremierns
iiGe.ne rlad esrcitipeva dejcteisv
iiAid.j ectiinvdaeitscic nogl or
ivA.d jectiinvdeiscm aattienrgi als
v.T hep osiotfip orno paedrj ectives
viD.e figna diejnctievs
viiO.r diandaejclt eisv
b.P unctuautseidwo inht a ttrieba udetjcitevisv
c.S treussse d awtitbtruhiit vaed jectives
iA.d jectiinvdaeitsci ng materials
iiD.e figna dijnectindiivceiasgntl ocaionto rt ime
iiDief.i naidenjcgit veisni dcatpiunrsgpe o
3.P rediacdaejtcteie vs
a.A ttribaudetjcitviewv heiscc ahbn e u seadsp rediacdajteec tives
iO.r der
iiP.u nctuation
b.A dejcteiswv hiccahn usbeedo nlaysp r edicaadtejec tesi v
c.L inkvienrgb s
4.I tnerpolaadtjeedc tives
5.A djectpihvraaalsn ecdsl auses
6.P articuispealdsae dsej ctives
a.Pr eesntp arctieipsl
b.Pa tsp artiecsi pl
c.D angglp iartinceisp l
d.P aspta rticwihpilfceohsl l tohwve e rtbob e
Exercises
CHAPT2E2RA. d ejcivtes uisnce odm pisaorn:Ps arIt
1.P osiftoirvomefsa djectpirveecsea dnefddo lwleodb ya s
a.T hep osiftoirvcmeo mbiwnietadhn oun
b.T heus eo fel lipsis
c.Th eu soef tsuhbjeec teic vase
2.C omparaantdis vueepra ltvief oromfsd jaectwihvieucshs e end insg
a.C om parativaed jfeoecrswtm hisiv cuoshfee n ndgis
iS.p elrluilnegs
iiI.r regaudljaerc tives
iiTihe.c omapratfiovrem feodl ltbohywa n
ivT.h ec opmaratfiovrfemo lwleodb ya n oufno,l lowtehda nb y
v.T he oufse el lipsis
viT.h eu soef t hseu jbceticvaes e
viiP.r oregsisevc ompsaornsi
b.S ueprlaetf iovromfsa dejctievs hiwcuhs en degisn
iS.pe lilgnr lues
iiI.r regular adjectives
iiTih.es ueprlaftoirvpmer ecebdyet dh e
ivT.h eu soef el il sp si
v.T hec opmasroionf on eo rm orteh iwnigtsah g roup
Exreicses
CHAPT2E3RA. d jectuisveiedncs o mpariPsaor2n ts :
1.C omparaatnisduv peer laeft oirvomfsa dejctiwvheisdc ohn outs eend isn g
a.C omparateif ovrmTsh:eu se moorfe
iT.h eco mpaatrifvoer fmo lwleodb yt han
iiP.r ogrecsosmipvaer isons
b.T he oufsl ee ss
iT.h ec onuscttrileosn.s .t.h an
iiTh.e c onstrnuocatts i.. .o n as
iiTih.ec o nstruclteisaosnn d less
c.S upleartfiovrem s
2.T haed jectmiavn,eym su chf,e wa nldi tutsleetd oc ompaqruea ntities
a.Th eu soef m ayn,m uch,f ewa nldti ltew ithn tcaobualneud n coulenn toaubns
b.S ynonymsf omra nayn md uch
c.Po siteif vorumsse idnc o mparnsi so
d.C omparatfiovrem s iuncs oemdp arsi son
e.Su perlfaotriumvssee idnc omparisons
3.T hea djectsiivmei,dsl iafferrenatn sda mues eidnc o mparisons
4.M akilonggi ccaolm parisons
Exreicses
CHAPT2E4RA. d verPboss:i itnais oenn tence
1.A dvewrhbsi mchod iyaf dejctiavneodst haedrv erbs
a.In tenisefrsi
2.A devrbwsh imchod iyvf erbs
a.A dveorfbf sr equency
b.A dveorfb mste i
c.A dveorfbm sa nner
d.C onnecadtveirnbgs
e.Ad vebpr hrasaensd cloafpuu spreoss e
f.A dveorfbl so coant i
iH.e raen tdh ere
iiT.hre eus de aasnin trodruycw toord
iiIniv.e rwtoerdod dr er
g.Ne gavteai devrbs
iD.o ubnleeg atives
iiI.n verwtoeroddr der