Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity

353 Pages·2004·2.63 MB·english

by  Lawrence Lessig

This PDF version of Free Culture is licensed
under a Creative Commons license. This license permits
non-commercial use of this work,
so long as attribution is given.
For more information about the license,
click the icon above, or visit
<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/>.
--
You can buy a copy of this book
by clicking on one of the links below:
<Amazon>
<B&N>
<Penguin>
<Local Bookstore>
14773_00_i-xviii_r9jm.qxd 2/10/04 3:46 PM Page i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
S32
FREE CULTURE
R33
❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚ ❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❘ ❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❘❘❙❚❘❙❚ ❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚
4TH PASS PAGES
14773_00_i-xviii_r9jm.qxd 2/10/04 3:46 PM Page iii
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
ALSO BY LAWRENCE LESSIG 28
29
The Future of Ideas:The Fate of the Commons 30
in a Connected World 31
S32
Code:And Other Laws of Cyberspace R33
❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚ ❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❘ ❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❘❘❙❚❘❙❚ ❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚
4TH PASS PAGES
14773_00_i-xviii_r9jm.qxd 2/10/04 3:46 PM Page iv
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
THE PENGUIN PRESS
30
NEW YORK
31 2004
32S
33R
❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘ ❘❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❘❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❚❘❙❚❘❙
4TH PASS PAGES
14773_00_i-xviii_r9jm.qxd 2/10/04 3:46 PM Page v
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
FREE CULTURE
24
25
26
HOW BIG MEDIA USES TECHNOLOGY AND THE
HOW BIG MEDIA USES TECHNOLOGY AND 27
LATHWE TLAOW LTOO CLKO CKD ODWOWNN CCUULLTTUURER E AND CONTROL 28
CRANEDA TCOINVTIROTLY CREATIVITY 29
30
LAWRENCE LESSIG
31
S32
R33
❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚ ❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❘ ❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❘❘❙❚❘❙❚ ❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚
4TH PASS PAGES
14773_00_i-xviii_r9jm.qxd 2/10/04 3:46 PM Page vi
1
2 THE PENGUIN PRESS
3 a member of
Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
4
375 Hudson Street
5 New York,New York 10014
6
Copyright © Lawrence Lessig,2004
7 All rights reserved
8
Excerpt from an editorial titled “The Coming of Copyright Perpetuity,”
9 The New York Times,January 16,2003.Copyright © 2003 by The New York Times Co.
Reprinted with permission.
10
Cartoon by Paul Conrad on page 159.Copyright Tribune Media Services,Inc.
11
All rights reserved.Reprinted with permission.
12 Diagram on page 164 courtesy of the office of FCC Commissioner,Michael J.Copps.
13
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
14
Lessig,Lawrence.
15
Free culture :how big media uses technology and the law to lock down
16 culture and control creativity / Lawrence Lessig.
p.cm.
17
Includes index.
18 ISBN 1-59420-006-8 (hardcover)
19 1.Intellectual property—United States.2.Mass media—United States.
3.Technological innovations—United States.4.Art—United States.I.Title.
20
21 KF2979.L47 2004
343.7309'9—dc22 2003063276
22
23 This book is printed on acid-free paper.
24 Printed in the United States of America
25 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2
26 Designed by Marysarah Quinn
27
Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above,no part of this publication may
28 be reproduced,stored in or introduced into a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form or
29 by any means (electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording or otherwise),without the
prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.
30
31 The scanning,uploading,and distribution of this book via the Internet or via any other
32S means without the permission of the publisher is illegal and punishable by law.Please pur-
chase only authorized electronic editions and do not participate in or encourage electronic
33R
piracy of copyrighted materials.Your support of the author’s rights is appreciated.
4TH PASS PAGES
14773_00_i-xviii_r9jm.qxd 2/10/04 3:46 PM Page vii
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
To Eric Eldred—whose work first drew me
15
to this cause, and for whom
16
it continues still.
Co17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
S32
R33
❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚ ❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❘ ❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❘❘❙❚❘❙❚ ❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚
4TH PASS PAGES
14773_00_i-xviii_r9jm.qxd 2/10/04 3:46 PM Page ix
(to navigate this PDF,
use the bookmark bar) 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
CONTENTS 12
13
14
15
In16
17
PREFACE xiii
18
INTRODUCTION 1
19
20
“PIRACY” 15
21
CHAPTER ONE: Creators 21
22
CHAPTER TWO: “Mere Copyists” 31
23
CHAPTER THREE: Catalogs 48
24
CHAPTER FOUR: “Pirates” 53
25
Film 53
26
Recorded Music 55
27
Radio 58
28
Cable TV 59
29
CHAPTER FIVE: “Piracy” 62
30
Piracy I 63
31
Piracy II 66
S32
R33
❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚ ❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❘ ❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❘❘❙❚❘❙❚ ❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚
<http://free-culture.org/get-it>
4TH PASS PAGES
14773_00_i-xviii_r9jm.qxd 2/10/04 3:46 PM Page x
1 “PROPERTY” 81
2 CHAPTER SIX: Founders 85
3 CHAPTER SEVEN: Recorders 95
4 CHAPTER EIGHT: Transformers 100
5 CHAPTER NINE: Collectors 108
6 CHAPTER TEN: “Property” 116
7 Why Hollywood Is Right 124
8 Beginnings 130
9 Law: Duration 133
10 Law: Scope 136
11 Law and Architecture: Reach 139
12 Architecture and Law: Force 147
13 Market: Concentration 161
14 Together 168
15
16 PUZZLES 175
17 CHAPTER ELEVEN: Chimera 177
18 CHAPTER TWELVE: Harms 183
19 Constraining Creators 184
20 Constraining Innovators 188
21 Corrupting Citizens 199
22
23 BALANCES 209
24 CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Eldred 213
25 CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Eldred II 248
26
27 CONCLUSION 257
28
29 AFTERWORD 273
30 Us, Now 276
31 Rebuilding Freedoms Previously Presumed:
32S Examples 277
33R Rebuilding Free Culture: One Idea 282
❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘ ❘❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❘❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙❚❘❙ ❚❘❙❚❘❙
4TH PASS PAGES