Fracture, Plastic Flow, and Structural Integrity: Proceedings of the 7th Symposium Organized by the Technical Advisory Group in Structural Integrity of Nuclear Plant, April 1999

213 Pages·2000·4.56 MB·English

by  Staff

FRACTURE,
PLASTIC FLOW
AND STRUCTURAL
INTEGRITY
The Proceedings of the 7th Symposium
organised by the
Technical Advisory Group on Structural
Integrity in Nuclear Plant (TAGSI)
held at TWI, Abington, UK
29 April 1999
Edited by
PETER HIRSCH
and
DAVID LIDBURY
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Book 772
First published in 2000 by
10M Communications Ltd
1Carlton House Terrace
London SWI Y 5DB
© 10M Communications Ltd 2000
All rights reserved
10M Communications Ltd
is a wholly-owned subsidiary of
The Institute of Materials
ISBN 1-86125-095-9
Typeset in the UK by
Fakenham Photosetting, Norfolk
Printed and bound in the UK at
The University Press, Cambridge
Contents
Foreword vii
25 Years of TAGSI and LWRSG x
Materials Factors and Structural Integrity of Reactor Components 1
B. L. Eyre .
The Micro-Mechanisms of Fracture in Steels Usedfor High Integrity Structural
Components 21
John Knott
Welds, Their Quality and Inspection Ability for High Integrity Structures and
Components 45
R. E. Dolby, I. J. Munns, C. R. A. Schneider and R. H. Leggatt
Material Conditions that Lead to Crack Arrest 65
F. M. Burdekin
Fracture Toughness - a Measurable Materials Parameter 85
J. D. G. Sumpter
Microstructural Development in RPV Steels 103
Colin English, Jon Hyde and Sue Ortner
Local Approach Modelling of Constraint Contributions to The Ductile to
Brittle Transition 129
A. R. Dowling and D. P. G. Lidbury
Loading Rate Effects on Tensile Properties and Fracture Toughness of Steel 149
C. S.Wiesner and H. MacGillivray
Material Factors which Influence Remaining Life of Components Subject
to Reheat Cracking 175
P. Neumann, D. A. Miller and R. A. Ainsworth
A Historical Perspective of Materials Related Structural Integrity Issues
in the Nuclear Industry 185
Brian Tomkins
v
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Foreword
This volume brings together the papers presented at the 7th Symposium organised by the
Technical Advisory Group on Structural Integrity of Nuclear Plant (TAGSI), held on
29 April 1999 atthe TWI Conference Centre at Great Abington near Cambridge, UK. This
one day Symposium entitled 'Fracture, Plastic Flow and Structural Integrity' was attended
by over eighty delegates. The Symposium, which marked 25 years of TAGSI and its pred-
ecessor theLight Water Reactor Study Group (LWRSG), was dedicated toSirAlan Cottrell,
FREng, FRS, whose eightieth birthday was on 17July 1999. Materials properties are con-
trolling factors inany assessment ofthe integrity, reliability and safety ofengineering struc-
tures and components, and Sir Alan's impact in this field has been second to none. His
influence has been felt not only through the pioneering advances he made in the science of
plastic flow and fracture, and in his studies of nuclear materials dating back to the 1950s,
but alsothrough the leading role heplayed inthe application ofthisknowledge to structural
integrity assessments generally, and to nuclear reactor components, including pressure
vessels, in particular.
The objectives of this TAGSI Symposium were to provide an overview of progress in
understanding of materials behaviour relevant to structural integrity assessments, covering
mechanisms of flow and fracture, effects ofneutron irradiation, reheat cracking, weld qual-
ity and inspection issues, fracture toughness characterisation, crack arrest, materials behav-
iour under dynamic loading and local approach modelling of the ductile-brittle transition.
These topics were addressed by distinguished authorities in the structural integrity field.
Key themes emerging from these contributions are that for structural integrity assessments,
a thorough understanding of the basic mechanisms controlling the failure modes and plant
life-limiting properties, good measurements, and the ability to develop predictive models,
are all vitally important. Plant life predictions usually involve extrapolation of experimen-
tal data to service conditions falling outside the range of conditions attainable in laboratory
tests. It is only through understanding of mechanisms and modelling that such measure-
ments can be extrapolated with confidence, and limiting margins defined. The better the
understanding, themeasurements andthemodelling, the greater isthe potential reduction in
the degree of conservatism which has to be used in the relevant failure avoidance/assess-
ment procedures such asR6. This applies equally to materials properties, applied andresid-
ual stresses, and inspection capability.
This approach to structural integrity assessments andplant lifepredictions through under-
standing and modelling isprecisely the strategy promoted and applied by SirAlan Cottrell,
and this record of the Symposium is a fitting tribute to his outstanding work in this field.
P. B. Hirsch
D. P. G. Lidbury
vii
Sir Alan Cottrell FRS
Photograph © Dona Haycraft Photography
Reproduced by kind permission of Dona Haycraft
Thanks also to Dr Stephen Heath, Jesus College, Cambridge
COTTRELL, Sir Alan (Howard), Kt 1971; FRS 1955; FEng: Master of Jesus College,
Cambridge, 1974-86 (Hon. Fellow 1986); Vice-Chancellor, University of Cambridge,
1977-79; b 17July 1919; s of Albert and Elizabeth Cottrell; m 1944, Jean Elizabeth Harber;
one s. Educ: Moseley Grammar Sch.; University of Birmingham. BSc 1939; PhD 1942;
ScD(Cantab) 1976. Lectr in Metallurgy, University of Birmingham, 1943-49; Prof. of
Physical Metallurgy, University of Birmingham, 1949-55; Deputy Head of Metallurgy
Division, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Berks. 1955-58; Goldsmiths'
Prof. of Metallurgy, Cambridge Univ., 1958-65; Fellow of Christ's CoIL, Cambridge,
1958-70. Hon. Fellow, 1970; Dep. Chief Scientific Adviser (Studies), Min. of Defence,
1965-67. Chief Adviser, 1967; Dep. Chief Scientific Advr to HM Govt. 1968-71, Chief
Scientific Advr, 1971-74. Part-time Mem., UKAEA, 1962-65, 1983-87; Member: Adv.
Council on Scientific Policy, 1963-64; Central Adv. Council for Science and Technology,
1967-; Exec. Cttee, British Council, 1974-87; Adv. Council, Science Policy Foundn,
1976-; Security Commn. 1981-92. Dir. Fisons plc, 1979-90. A Vice-Pres., Royal Society,
1964, 1976, 1977. Foreign Hon. Mem., American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1960;
Foreign Associate: Nat. Acad. of Sciences, USA. 1972; Nat. Acad. of Engrg, USA, 1976;
Mem., Academia Europaea, 1991-; Hon. Member: Amer. Soc. for Metals, 1972 (Fellow,
1974); Metals Soc., 1977 (Hon. FIM, 1989); Japan Inst. of Metals, 1981. FIC 1991; FEng
1979; Fellow, Royal Swedish Acad. of Scis; Hon. Fellow, Internat. Congress on Fracture,
1985-. Hon. DSc: Columbia Univ., 1965; Newcastle Univ., 1967; Liverpool Univ., 1969;
Manchester, 1970; Warwick, 1971; Sussex. 1972; Bath, 1973; Strathclyde, 1975; Cranfield,
1975; Aston, 1975; Oxford, 1979; Birmingham, 1983; DUniv Essex, 1982; Hon. DEng
Tech. Univ. of Nova Scotia, 1984; Hon. LLD Cantab, 1996. Rosenhain Medallist of the Inst.
of Metals: Hughes Medal, 1961, Rumford Medal, 1974, Copley Medal, 1996, Royal
Society; Inst. of Metals (Platinum) Medal, 1965; Reaumur Medal, Societe Francaise de
Metallurgic, 1964; James Alfred Ewing Medal, 1965; ICE, 1967; Holweck Medal, Societe
Francaise de Physique, 1969; Albert Sauveur Achievement Award, Amer. Soc. for Metals,
1969; James Douglas Gold Medal, Amer. Inst. of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Engrs.
1974; Harvey Science Prize, Technion Israel Inst., 1974; Acta Metallurgica Gold Medal,
1976; Guthrie Medal and Prize, Inst. of Physics, 1977; Gold Medal, Amer. Soc. for Metals,
1980; Brinell Medal, Royal Swedish Acad. of Engrg Sciences, 1980; Kelvin Medal, ICE,
1986; Hollomon Award, Acta Metallurgica, 1991; Von Hippel Award, Materials Res. Soc.,
1966. Publications: Theoretical Structural Metallurgy, 1948, 2nd edn 1955; Dislocations
and Plastic Flow in Crystals, 1953; The Mechanical Properties of Matter, 1964; Theory of
Crystal Dislocations, 1964; An Introduction of Metallurgy, 1967; Portrait of Nature, 1975;
Environmental.Economics, 1978: How Safe is Nuclear Energy?, 1981; Introduction to the
Modem Theory of Metals, 1988: Chemical Bonding in Transition Metal Carbides, 1995;
scientific papers to various learned journals. Recreation: music. Address: 40 Maids
Causeway, Cambridge CB5 8DD. T: [phone].
ix