Table Of ContentFoundations of Islāmic Psychology
Foundations of Islāmic Psychology: From Classical Scholars to Contemporary Thinkers
examines the history of Islāmic psychology from the Islāmic Golden Age through the
early 21st century, giving a thorough look into Islāmic psychology’s origins, Islāmic
philosophy and theology, and key developments in Islāmic psychology.
In tracing psychology from its origins in early civilisations, ancient philosophy, and
religions to the modern discipline of psychology, this book integrates overarching
psychological principles and ideas that have shaped the global history of Islāmic
psychology. It examines the legacy of psychology from an Islāmic perspective, looking
at the contributions of early Islāmic classical scholars and contemporary psychologists,
and to introduce how the history of Islāmic philosophy and sciences has contributed to
the development of classical and modern Islāmic psychology from its founding to the
present. With each chapter covering a key thinker or moment, and also covering the
globalisation of psychology, the Islāmisation of knowledge, and the decolonisation of
psychology, the work critically evaluates the effects of the globalisation of psychology
and its lasting impact on indigenous culture.
This book aims to engage and inspire students taking undergraduate and graduate
courses on Islāmic psychology, to recognise the power of history in the academic
studies of Islāmic psychology, to connect history to the present and the future, and to
think critically. It is also ideal reading for researchers and those undertaking
continuing professional development in Islāmic psychology, psychotherapy, and
counselling.
G. Hussein Rassool is Professor of Islāmic Psychology & Consultant for the Riphah
Institute of Clinical and Professional Psychology/Centre for Islāmic Psychology,
Pakistan. He is a Fellow of the International Association of Islāmic Psychology
(FIAIP) and Royal Society of Public Health (FRSPH); Member of the International
Association of Muslim Psychologists, and Al Balkhi Islāmic Psychology Education
and Research. He is the Chair of the Rassool Institute of Islāmic Psychology
Research.
Mugheera M. Luqman is currently the Head of Tarbiyah Department, Riphah
International University, Pakistan. He is a member of the Research and Ethics
Committee (REC) in the Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences. He is
pursuing his doctoral studies with the Riphah Centre of Islāmic Psychology.
Foundations of Islāmic
Psychology
From Classical Scholars to
Contemporary Thinkers
G. Hussein Rassool and
Mugheera M. Luqman
Cover image: © Getty Images
First published 2023
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© 2023 G. Hussein Rassool and Mugheera M. Luqman
The right of G. Hussein Rassool and Mugheera M. Luqman to be identified as
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalog record has been requested for this book
ISBN: 978-1-032-02005-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-00546-1 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-18141-5 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003181415
Typeset in Times New Roman
by MPS Limited, Dehradun
G. Hussein Rassool
Dedicated to Idrees Khattab ibn Adam Ibn Hussein Ibn Hassim Ibn
Sahaduth Ibn Rosool Ibn Olee Al Mauritiusy, Isra Oya, Asiyah Maryam,
Idrees Khattab, Adam Ali Hussein, Reshad Hassan, Yasmin Soraya,
BeeBee Mariam, Bibi Safian & Hassim.
Mugheera M. Luqman
Dedicated to my father, Abdul Qavi Luqman, my mother, Asiya Madani,
my brothers, sisters and my wife and sons.
Abu Hurayrah reported the Prophet Muhammad ( ) as saying: “If
anyone pursues a path in search of knowledge, Allāh will thereby make
easy for him a path to paradise; and he who is made slow by his actions
will not be speeded by his genealogy” (Sunan Abi Dawud).
Contents
List of Figures ix
List of Tables x
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
SECTION I
Foundation and Revival of Islāmic Psychology 1
1 Foundation of Islāmic Psychology: The “Dodo Bird” Revival 3
2 The Golden Age of Islām 16
3 Islāmisation of Knowledge in the Evolution of Islāmic
Psychology 24
SECTION II
Classical Scholars: Philosophers, Physicians, and Theologians 41
4 Abu Yusuf Yaqub Ibn Ishaq Al-Kindī 43
5 Ibn Miskawayh, Ibn Rushd, and Al-Fārābī 48
6 Abū Bakr Mohamed Ibn Zakariya Al-Rāzī 56
7 Abu Zayd Ahmed Ibn Sahl Al-Balkhī 61
8 Abu Ali Al-Husayn Ibn Abdullah Ibn Sīnā 70
9 Abu Ḥāmid Muḥammad Al-Ghazâlî 79
10 Ibn Taymīyah Al-Ḥarrānī 85
11 Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawzīyah 98
12 Ar-Rāghib Al-Aṣbahānī 110
13 Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Faraj ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Ibn Al-Jawzī 118
viii Contents
14 Ibn Khaldūn Al-Ḥaḍramī 129
15 Ibn Rajab Al-Ḥanbalī 136
SECTION III
19–21st Century Scholars, Academics, and Clinicians 149
16 Allāmah Muhammad Iqbāl (Pakistan) 151
17 Malik Badri on His Contributions to the Revival of Islāmic
Psychology (Sudan) 155
18 Amber Haque (US/India) 164
19 Abdur Rasjid Skinner (UK) 169
20 Akhbar Husain (India) 172
21 Rania Awaad (Egypt/US) 177
22 Muhammad Tahir Khalily (Pakistan) 184
23 Suleyman Derin (Turkey) 188
24 Hamid Rafiei-Honar (Iran) 192
25 Saleh Bin Ibrahim Al-Sanie (Saudi Arabia) 199
26 Pavlova Olga Sergeevna (Russia) 203
27 G. Hussein Rassool (Mauritius/UK) 208
SECTION IV
Epilogue 215
28 Shifting the Paradigm: Decolonising Psychology Knowledge 217
29 Islāmic Psychology: Promising Past and Challenging Future 229
Index 235
Figures
8.1 Ibn Sīnā’s hierarchy of needs 72
10.1 Psycho-spiritual ailments and diseases 87
11.1 Ibn Qayyim’s fundamental principles of treatment interventions 102
12.1 Al-Aṣbahānī’s four levels of man’s progress 112
12.2 Behavioural treatment through ‘Ibādah (worship) 115
13.1 Ibn al-Jawzī’s human cognitive development chart 119
28.1 Decolonising psychology 220
28.2 Rassool’s vertical and horizontal integration curriculum approach 225
29.1 Role legitimacy, role adequacy, and role conflict 233
