Table Of ContentAward-winning TeachSource Video Cases
bring the realities of the classroom to you
Fast forward to your fi rst classroom. How
will you manage the many tasks for which
you’ll be responsible? Establish expectations
and mutual respect? Create groups in which every student
participates and learns? Deal with disruptive students?
44 Chapter 2 The Teaching Profession
%ll TEACHSOURCE VIDEO CASE
Teaching as a Profession: Collaboration with Colleagues
Watch Teaching as a Profession: Collaboration with Colleagues and think about
what collaboration as a teacher means to you. What do you think are the
challenges and rewards associated with collaboration? After watching the video,
answer the following questions:
1 Explain how the teachers in this video case exemplify the concepts of teacher
empowerment and site-based decision making that are described in this chapter.
2 In this video case, we meet a group of teachers who are trying to address an im-
portant issue related to the school’s math curriculum. Is their collaboration successful?
Why or why not?
TeachSource Video Cases will help to prepare you by giving
you a frontline look at the challenges and opportunities real
teachers experience every day—and how they handle them.
These engaging case studies present actual classroom scenarios
in four- to six-minute video modules, which you can view
from the convenience of your computer. In addition to getting
the fi rsthand perspective of numerous teachers in a variety of
situations, you’ll learn practical techniques that you’ll be able to
put to use right away.
As you read this text, TeachSource Video Case boxes introduce the video segments, which are
available to view on this book’s Premium Website. Each Video Case is supported by actual materials
from the video case, such as the teacher’s lesson plan or sample student work; interview transcripts;
key terms with defi nitions; bonus footage; and questions that ask you to refl ect on the teacher’s
approach and assess what you would have done in the same situation. For the complete list of Video
Case topics, turn to this book’s inside back cover pages.
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E L E V E N T H E D I T I O N
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OF EDUCATION
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and University of Nebraska at Omaha
Gerald L. Gutek
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with David E. Vocke
Towson University
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 13 12 11 10 09
Brief Contents
P A R T O N E Understanding the Teaching Profession 1
Chapter 1 Motivation, Preparation, and Conditions for the Entering Teacher 2
Chapter 2 The Teaching Profession 30
P A R T T W O Historical and Philosophical Foundations 55
Chapter 3 World Roots of American Education 56
Chapter 4 Pioneers of Teaching and Learning 96
Chapter 5 Historical Development of American Education 127
Chapter 6 Philosophical Roots of Education 165
P A R T T H R E E Political, Economic, and Legal Foundations 207
Chapter 7 Governing and Administering Public Education 208
Chapter 8 Financing Public Education 235
Chapter 9 Legal Aspects of Education 259
P A R T F O U R Social Foundations 303
Chapter 10 Culture, Socialization, and Education 304
Chapter 11 Social Class, Race, and School Achievement 338
Chapter 12 Providing Equal Educational Opportunity 371
P A R T F I V E Curricular Foundations 411
Chapter 13 The Changing Purposes of American Education 412
Chapter 14 Curriculum and Instruction 433
P A R T S I X Effective Education: International and American Perspectives 469
Chapter 15 International Education 470
Chapter 16 School Effectiveness and Reform in the United States 495
Glossary 535
Index 544
iii
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Contents
Preface xii
CHAPTER 2 The Teaching Profession 30
P A R T O N E
Is Teaching a Profession? 31
Understanding the Teaching Profession 1
A Defi ned Body of Knowledge 31
Controlling Requirements for Entry
CHAPTER 1 Motivation, Preparation, and
and Licensing 33
Conditions for the Entering Teacher 2
Autonomy in Deciding about Spheres
Choosing a Career in Teaching 3 of Work 34
Motivations for Choosing Teaching 3 High Prestige and Economic Standing 34
The Challenge of Teaching All Students 3 Trends Toward Professionalism 36
■ From Preservice to Practice: Considerations 4 The Scope of Collective Bargaining 36
Teaching Force Diversity: A Growing Concern 4
Professional Practice Boards 37
■ Overview 1.1: Ways to Improve Your Employment
Mediated Entry 38
Prospects 6
■ TeachSource Video Case: Mentoring First-Year Teachers:
Supply/Demand and Salaries 6 Keys to Professional Success 38
Job Opportunities 6 Staff Development 40
Pay Scales and Trends 8 Merit Pay 40
Preparing Teachers 11 ■ Technology @ School: Professional Development
Opportunities on the Internet 41
Certifi cation 11
■ Taking Issue: Alternative Certifi cation 13 ■ Taking Issue: Merit Pay 42
School-Based Management 43
Trends in Preservice Education 14
Adequacy of Preparation Programs 16 ■ TeachSource Video Case: Teaching as a Profession:
Collaboration with Colleagues 44
Prospective Teachers: Abilities and Testing 17
Teacher Organizations 44
Teacher Abilities 17
■ From Preservice to Practice: The SBM Team 45
Testing Teachers 17
■ Overview 2.1: Comparison of the National Educations
Job Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction 18
Association (NEA) and the American Federation of
Teacher Satisfaction 18 Teachers (AFT) 46
State and District Standards and Teacher Stress 19 National Education Association (NEA) 46
Coping with Stress 20 American Federation of Teachers (AFT) 47
■ TeachSource Video Case: Teaching as a Profession: Specialized Professional Organizations 48
A Student Teacher’s Perspective 20
■ Overview 2.2: Major Specialized Professional
Reforming Schools by Improving Teacher Organizations for Teachers 48
Qualifi cations and Functioning 21 Religious Education Organizations 49
National Reports 21 Parent-Teacher Groups 49
■ Technology @ School: An Internet Location for Organizations for Prospective Teachers 49
Prospective Teachers 21 ■ Overview 2.3: Professional Organizations
The No Child Left Behind Act 22 Students Can Join 50
The Holmes Partnership and Other Groups 24
Reactions to the National Reforms 25
School Reform and Teacher Empowerment 26
Outlook for Teaching 27
v
vi Contents
CHAPTER 4 Pioneers of Teaching
P A R T T W O
and Learning 96
Historical and Philosophical Foundations 55
Comenius: The Search for a New Method 97
Principles of Teaching and Learning 98
CHAPTER 3 World Roots of American
Education and Schooling 99
Education 56
Infl uence on Educational Practices Today 99
Education in Preliterate Societies 57
Rousseau: Educating the Natural Person 99
■ From Preservice to Practice: Learning National Identity
■ Overview 4.1: Educational Pioneers 100
through Patriotic Songs 58
Principles of Teaching and Learning 102
Education in Ancient Chinese Civilization 59
Education and Schooling 102
Confucian Education 59
Infl uence on Educational Practices Today 103
■ Overview 3.1: Key Periods in Educational History 60
Pestalozzi: Educator of the Senses and
China’s Contribution to World and Western
Emotions 103
Education 63
Principles of Teaching and Learning 104
Education in Ancient Egypt 65
Education and Schooling 105
Religious and Secular Concerns 65
Infl uence on Educational Practices Today 105
Egypt’s Historical Controversies 66
Herbart: Systematizing Teaching 106
■ Technology @ School: Connecting Ancient Egypt to the
Principles of Teaching and Learning 106
Elementary and Middle School 66
Education and Schooling 106
The Hebraic Educational Tradition 67
Infl uence on Educational Practices Today 107
Education in Ancient Greek and Roman
Froebel: The Kindergarten Movement 107
Civilizations 68
Principles of Teaching and Learning 108
The Sophists 70
Education and Schooling 108
Socrates: Education by Self-Examination 71
Infl uence on Educational Practices Today 109
■ Taking Issue: Universal Truth or Cultural Relativism? 72
■ From Preservice to Practice: Using a Story to Connect the
Plato: Eternal Truths and Values 72
Past and Present 109
Aristotle: Cultivation of Rationality 74
Spencer: Social Darwinist and Utilitarian
Isocrates: Oratory and Rhetoric 76
Educator 110
Education in Ancient Rome 76
Principles of Teaching and Learning 110
Greek and Roman Contributions to Western
Education and Schooling 111
Education 78
Infl uence on Educational Practices Today 111
Islam, Arabic Learning, and Education 78
Dewey: Learning Through Experience 111
Medieval Culture and Education 80
Principles of Teaching and Learning 112
Aquinas: Scholastic Education 81
■ Taking Issue: Dewey’s Learning by Experience 113
■ Overview 3.2: Major Educational Theorists
Education and Schooling 113
to CE 1600 82
Infl uence on Educational Practices Today 114
The Medieval Contribution to Western Education 84
Addams: Socialized Education 114
Renaissance Classical Humanism 84
Principles of Teaching and Learning 115
Erasmus: Critic and Humanist 85
Education and Schooling 115
The Renaissance Contribution to Western Education 85
Infl uence on Educational Practices Today 116
■ Overview 3.3: Signifi cant Events in the History of Western
Education to CE 1650 86 Montessori: The Prepared Environment 116
Principles of Teaching and Learning 116
The Religious Reformation and Education 87
Education and Schooling 117
Luther: Protestant Reformer 89
Infl uence on Educational Practices Today 117
The Reformation’s Contribution to Western
Education 90 ■ TeachSource Video Case: Elementary School Language
Arts: Inquiry Learning 118
The Enlightenment’s Infl uence on Education 91
Piaget: Developmental Growth 119
Principles of Teaching and Learning 119
Contents vii
Education and Schooling 120 Arab Americans 157
Infl uence on Educational Practices Today 121 The Immigration Controversy 158
Freire: Liberation Pedagogy 121 Two Closing Historical Issues 158
Principles of Teaching and Learning 121 A Persistent Issue: Teaching about Evolution 158
Education and Schooling 121 A New Issue: Teaching in a Global Society 159
Infl uence on Educational Practices Today 122 ■ TeachSource Video Case: Multimedia Literacy: Integrating
■ Technology @ School: Building Your Philosophy of Technology into the Middle School Curriculum 160
Technology in Education 123 Connecting with History of Education throughout This
Book 161
Thinking about Pioneers in Education as Historical
Mentors 123
CHAPTER 6 Philosophical Roots of
Education 165
CHAPTER 5 Historical Development of
Special Terminology 167
American Education 127
■ Overview 6.1: Philosophies of Education 169
The Colonial Period 128
Idealism 170
New England Colonies 128
Key Concepts 170
■ Overview 5.1: Signifi cant Events in the History
The Basic Questions 171
of American Education 130
Implications for Today’s Classroom Teacher 172
Middle Atlantic Colonies 132
Southern Colonies 133 Realism 173
Colonial Education: A Summary View 133 Key Concepts 174
The Early National Period 134 The Basic Questions 174
Implications for Today’s Classroom Teacher 175
Franklin: The Academy 134
Jeff erson: Education for Citizenship 135 Pragmatism 176
■ Taking Issue: Schools and American Culture 136 Key Concepts 176
Benjamin Rush: Church-Related Schools 136 The Basic Questions 177
Webster: Schoolmaster of the Republic 137 ■ TeachSource Video Case: Middle School Science
Instruction: Inquiry Learning 178
The Movement toward Public Schooling 137
■ Technology @ School: The Debate over Standardized
The Common School 138
Testing 179
Mann: The Struggle for Public Schools 139
Implications for Today’s Classroom Teacher 179
Normal Schools and Women’s Education 139
Catharine Beecher: Preparing Women as Teachers 140 Existentialism 180
The One-Room School 141 Key Concepts 180
■ Technology @ School: Studying the One-Room The Basic Questions 181
School 142 Implications for Today’s Classroom Teacher 182
McGuff ey Readers 142 An Existentialist School: Summerhill 182
The Development of American Secondary Postmodernism 183
Schools 143 Key Concepts 184
The Academy: Forerunner of the High School 143 The Basic Questions 185
The High School 144 Implications for Today’s Classroom Teacher 186
Secondary-School Organization 145 Educational Theories 187
The Development of Educational Technology 146 ■ Overview 6.2: Theories of Education 187
The American College and University 147 Essentialism 188
Education in a Culturally Diverse Society 148 The Basic Questions 189
African Americans 148 Implications for Today’s Classroom Teacher 190
■ From Preservice to Practice: Connecting the Past Perennialism 190
and the Present 149 The Paideia Proposal 192
Native Americans 152
The Basic Questions 192
Latino Americans 153
Implications for Today’s Classroom Teacher 192
Asian Americans 155
viii Contents
■ Taking Issue: Education: Child Centered or Subject CHAPTER 8 Financing Public Education 235
Matter? 193
Tax Sources of School Revenues 237
Progressivism 194
Local Financing for Public Schools 237
Key Concepts 195
Property Tax 237
The Basic Questions 196
Other Sources of Local Funding 238
Implications for Today’s Classroom Teacher 196
■ Overview 8.1: Other Income Sources by Level
Critical Theory 198 and Spending Pattern 238
Key Concepts 198 Local Resources and Disparities 239
The Basic Questions 199
State Financing of Public Schools 240
Implications for Today’s Classroom Teacher 201
State Revenue Sources 240
■ From Preservice to Practice: Students’ Perceptions and
■ Taking Issue: Expanding Funding for Public
Feelings and the Offi cial Curriculum 201
Education 242
Constructing Your Personal Philosophy of States’ Ability to Finance Education 243
Education 202 State Aid to Local School Districts 244
The Courts and School Finance Reform 245
P A R T T H R E E ■ From Preservice to Practice: Funding Woes 246
Federal Education Funding 247
Political, Economic, and Legal Foundations 207
Current Trends in Federal Aid to Education 248
CHAPTER 7 Governing and Administering School Finance Trends 250
Public Education 208 ■ Technology @ School: Finding School Financing
Information on the Internet 250
Local Responsibilities and Activities 209
Taxpayer Resistance 251
Characteristics of Local School Boards 209
The Accountability Movement 251
■ From Preservice to Practice: A Partnership in Decision
■ TeachSource Video Case: Assessment in the Middle
Making? 211
Grades: Measurement of Student Learning 252
School Board Responsibilities 212
Tax Credits, Educational Vouchers, and School
The School Superintendent and Central Offi ce Staff 213
Choice 252
The Principal and the School 214
Streamlining School Budgets 254
Parent and Community Involvement 217
School Infrastructure and Environmental Problems 255
■ TeachSource Video Case: Parental Involvement in School
Culture: A Literacy Project 218
CHAPTER 9 Legal Aspects of
Size of Schools and School Districts 219
Education 259
■ Taking Issue: Charter Schools as Public School
Reform 220 The Court System 260
Intermediate Units 223 State Courts 260
Federal Courts 260
State Responsibilities and Activities 223
The Governor and State Legislature 224 Teachers’ Rights and Responsibilities 262
The State Board of Education 225 Testing and Investigation of Applicants for Certifi cation
The State Department of Education 226 or Employment 262
The Chief State School Offi cer 226 Employment Contracts and Tenure 263
■ Taking Issue: Tenure for Teachers 264
The Federal Role in Education 227
Due Process in Dismissal of Teachers 264
Federal Educational Agencies 227
Negotiation and Strikes 265
Returning Responsibility to the Federal
Protection against Assault 266
Government 228
Protection against Unreasonable Search
■ Technology @ School: School Governance Information
and Surveillance 266
Available on the Internet 229
■ Overview 9.1: Selected U.S. Supreme Court Decisions Af-
Nonpublic Schools 230
fecting Teachers’ Rights and Responsibilities 267
■ TeachSource Video Case: Foundations: Aligning
Freedom of Expression 267
Instruction with Federal Legislation 230
Academic Freedom 268
