Table Of ContentFoundatioofnC sri tilcM aedia
andI nofrmatioSnt udeis
Foundofa CtiroinMtisec daailnla drifo rmaStiotund liaesyd so wnf oundatifoontrsh aen alysis
ofm ediian,f ormaatinodin n formatteicohnno loigynt wenty-firstc entuirnyf orma
tiosno ciaesty,w ell introdutchitenh ge oreatnidec malp iricanle cteosostlaostr hye
as
stufdyot rh cer itisctauldo yfm ediaan din formatCihorni.s tiFaunc hssh owtsh reo le
classiccrailt tihceaolcr aynp lafyo arn alystihineng f ormastoicoinae ntdty h ien forma
tioenc oriomy,w elalsa nalystihnrego loeft hmee diaan dt hien formaetcioonno my
as
in economdiecv elopmtehnent e,w i mperiaalinsdmt hen ewe conomcirics isT.h e
bookc riialctlyd iscutrsasnessf ormaotfit ohneIs n ter(n'ewte2 b. 0'i)n,t rodtuhcee s
notioofnal ternativea scm reidtimiaec dailaa n ds howtsh cer itical mreodliaean d
inform8:ttieocnh noclaongp yl aiync ontemposroacriye ty.
Thibso opkr oviadnee sx celilnetnrto dutcott ihsoetn u dofym ediian,f ormattieocnh
nolpagnyd i nfoartmiosno ciemty,aki ng ita valuarbelfee retnocofelo bro tuhn der
graduaantdep ostgradsutautdeeo nfts su bjescutcsh MediSat udiSeosc,i oloofg y
as
MediaS,o ciTahle orayn dN ewM edia.
isc hapirro fefsosmroe rd iaan dc ommunicasttiuodnai tUe psp sala
ChristianF uchs
UniversDietpyat'rmse notfI nformaatincdMs e diSat udiHeissr. e searicnht eraersets
social theorty,h eoclrriOy,tiT csaal n ds ociemty,e diaan ds ociaentdyi nformation
socisettuyd iHeeiss .t haeu thoofrn umeroaucsa dempiucb licatiinocnlsu,dI inntegr net
anSdo c(iReo9'utl e2d0ge0 8).
'Thien forimoanat ndc ommunicamteidoinarase a bsolucteenltryial n t hnee wg lo
balizweodrl do ft htew enty-cfeinrtsuTtry.o u ndersttahnerdio rlr ee quiarr eesn ewed
assessomfet nhtwe ayw ea nalyansde u nderstthaenm de dia, infoanrdm caotimon
municatCihorniss.tiF aunc hhsa sp erforanm eidn valuatbalsinek r econsidering clas
siMca rxisthte orayn dp olitical etcoho enluopmn yd erstcarnidti ctahlpell ya ocfet he
intertnhee't k,n owleedcgoen omayn'd, cilnasw sa ytsh aatff orildlu minatiinnsgi ght
intcoo ntempocrrarisyea sn dc apitdaelvieslto pm-ePnettG.'eorl diVincgCe,ah- nPcreol lor
(ReseaarncIdhn novNaotritohnUu)nm,ib vrUeiaKr si!J_,
'ChristiFaunc hissa d emandianngd a blyeo unsgc howlharo i nsiosntht esr elevoafnc e
oltrda ditioonfths o ughFto. undaqfti CornisMti ecdaailna d ITJformatiStuodnii sae f so rceful
remindethra tw ef orgaetot ur perthiel l egaocfyM arx -nott om entiTohne odor
AdornoH,e beMratr cuOssek,a Nre g.t. i.n detheedr ,a ngoefC ritiTchale orFy.or th ose
whob eliethveeI nteriPnheotn,e w,e b2 .a0n dw eb3 .c0h angeevse rythiDnrgF ,u chs'
treatiwilsel m akef oarv ery sobreeraid-n.Fg'r a1i1lenbks tet;He aqfd S ocioDloegyp artment,
CiU9Jn ivLeorns,dai ou9Jnt qfh.oThre oroifte hsIe n formaStoicoine3 ty,r de diti(o2n0 06)
'Founofda tCiritioMcneasdl ai nald rifo rmaSliotnu bdyCt' hreiss tiaFnu chissa s uperainodr
sophistiicnattreodd utcocti roint aincalayls oifcs o mmunicatiporno.v iand easc ces
It
sibyleedt e epilnyf ormuendJd erstaonfdm iendgih ai staonrdyth eorIny. partieular,
Fuchhsa s remarkafbalceiw liithty Martxhiesotary n d econoalnl).dhi ecm sa,k eas
a
compellciansgfe o trh esiirn guliarmp ortantcooe u rt imeAftse.r r eadingb otohkni,os
studeonrst c holinac ro mmunicatiolno oaktg lobalizatthiIeon nt,e rannedpt a r
will
tictiopradye mocratchyes amea gainT.h ibso osk houbledr equirreeadd ifnogalr l
whoc araeb out maendidda e mocra-cRy.o'b eMrctC hesnceoy-,aT uhteDh eoatr,ah n d
W
LifoefA mericanJonrnalistn
'ChrisFtiuacnhss ystemataincdral ellye ntldeisspsolsyoe fts h fea lsstea rts and pseudo
critiqfueet tenroitno gnl ym editah eory,b utc riticsalo citalh eomroyr eb roadly.
Reinstialnlgt he Marcxoimapno nevinttalst or igortohuosu ghhet , estabthlei shes
conceptguraolu ndwork nfeocare spsoalirtyi cal undeorfcs otmamnudniincga tive
capital-isJmo.Dd'eia Pnr,eqf sofs Poor liSctiiecanHatcol eb aanrWdti llSimaiCmto hl leges,
anadu thqfo Brl Tohge orayn Dde mocraacnydo thNeero libeFraaln atsies
'Founqfd CarititioMcnsea dlaia nl drifa �rtioSntu dpiesr oivdeasw elalr gu·eadnt dh eoraleltyi c
souncdr itioqftu heme ar cho fth eo he-!dimensiinosntralu,m entaadloipsttoi fom no d
ernI CTt harte infoerxciesstis ntgr uctoufdr oemsi natainoden c onomaincdp olitical
injustWiithc eistth.se orealtilcyan d empirically cgrroiutnpideceradsl p ecthteib voeo,k
isa ni mportcanotn tribtuotit ohneli teratuonrs eo cimale diai,n formaltiOoTna ,n d
informastoicoinTe htey.b ooskh ows chasloswi calc ritthiecoarli oefMs a rx,M arcuse,
HorkheeirAm,d orno aonthde rcsa nh elupsu nderstthaend de velopmienin ntfso rma
tioenc onoamnyd s ociaentd.y e nvialstaegren artiovlethe ast m ediaan dI CTc anp lay.
Ital sor efleocntc se leobrraaytn du ncritihcaaililno gf th eI nterwneeb�2 .a0n ds ocial
networiknags d emecratizing1tedcohmnionlaniotnthgi eep su,b lmiecdi aI.r ecommend
thisb ootko a nyonien tereisntt heIedn ternet, soacnidIal C Tma enddhi oaww ec an
uset hemt om akea bettweorrl d.'D ubrCaevckeaz. -KPreqfcesmsaqfonr /o rifovrimca,t ion
-
SystemAsu,s tSrcahlifoiaB onul s iTnhesUes,n ivqfer NeswiS 9Jo uWathles ,A ustralia
'Thisi sa c ourageaonudis m portwaonrtok f c rittihceaolfr oytr h 2e1 sCte nty.u Irn
ane roaf,s mall-asncdal loec al tChhersoitry,i Fanu hcs'bso oskt anodusti ni ts ng
willi
nestsom akeo verchinargc laiambso utth fe gsa ndp atholoogifc easp itsaloicsite ty.
ailin
ThankfullCy;h ristFiuacnhh sa sm ett het imelcyhal lengoef d eveloap icnrgi tical
theoorfyth e informatisoonc ietthyam ta tchtehses calaen dr eacho ft hisso ciety
itsel£M'a rAkn dr�jevPi4os tcdtooFerlalalo ttw h Cee rnfoetr C riatniCdcu aullrt Satlu dies,
-
Unisviqfe!J r Qgeensland
'Thibso okski1.lful l y combintehse orertiigcoawulir th p receimspei rirceasle atroc h
proviadnoe u tstanngdg iuidteoth e critiacnala lyosfi sm eanddi ai nformaItitio sn .
mustr eadifnogtr h osinet eresitnes do citahle oinrfy;o rmaticoanpailt alistmh e and
uncertfauitnu orfeth e globealc onoy.'m- VincMeonstCc aon,aRea sdeaCrhcahii nr
CommunicaanStidoo cnQy,i eee�Un n'isv Cerasni!)J,a da
RoudedgAed vancesin Sociology
1.V irtual Globalization 8.R aveC ulturean d Religion
Ediqyte Grda hSamtJ .o hn
Virtuaspla ces/tosupraicsets
EdiqyteD da vHido lmes
Creatioann dR eturnso f
9.
The CriminaSlp ectreL aw, SocialC apital
2. in
Literaturaen dA esthetics A newr eseaprrcohg ram
PteeHrut icnhgs EditebydH enkFl paa nRde aVOtelk er
3.l nunigrantsa ndN ational 10S.e l-fCare
Identityi nE urope Embodimepnetr,s oanuatlo nomy
AnnTrai ajjnlldaidou andt hesh apionfhg e alth
consciOusness
4.C onstructinRgi ska ndS aefty Chrisptoh{er} guras
inT echnologiPcraalc tice
EditqyeJ da Snuem meratndo n 11M.e chanismosfC ooperation
BoelBerner WernRearua bnJ der oJ:%eensie
5.E uropeanisaNtaitoino,n al 12Aft.e r theB ell
Identitieansd Migration Educatisouncaclep susb,lp iocli cy
Changesi nb oundacroyn structionasn df amilbya ckground
EdtiebydD alCtooynna le nKda ren
betweWeens tearnnd E astern
Albright
Europe
Wil!ftiedS pohann d TArinanjjnalda lidou
13Y.o uthC rim.e andY outh
LanguagIed,e ntitayn d Cultuinr eth e InneCri ty
6.
BiSlaln sd er
Conflict
A comapratsitvued oyfl anguaing e
ethnciocn fliicnEt u ropaen d 14E.m otionsan d Social
Eurasia Movements
DiarMmaaGcii toC lhlarfo st EdibyteH de lFelanmaa n Dde abK ring
Inunigrant Life the U.S. 15G.l oblaizatioUnn,c ertainty
7. in
Multi-discpieprlsipneacrtyi ves andY outihn S ociety
EditedD oqyn Rn.Ga a baacncCdio al in EditbyeH da neste-BrPlsfi olsEdri, k
J#zynLeea ch KliJ(.ing, MeilnMdial alsnK da rKiunr z
LoveH,e terosexuaanldit y YouthC ultures
16. 26.
Society Scenessu,b cultaunrdte rsi bes
PauJlo hnson Edtiebyd P auHlo dkainnsWodo!Jg na gn
Deicke
AgriculturGaolv ernance
17.
Globalizaatnidto hnne e wp olitic2s7 T.h eO bituaarsyC ollective
ofr egulation Memory
EditebydVa ughHaingg ainnGdsofe frey Bridget Fowler
Lawrence
28T.o cquevilVlieru'ss
ChallengHiengge monic Utopiaan dd ysotpiianW estern
18.
Masculinity sociaanldp olittihcoaulg ht
RicHhoarwds on MarFeka tshteorne
SociIasl olationM odern JewisEha tinagn dI dentity
19. in 29.
Society Througthh eA ges
RoeHloofr tulAannMjuaasc ,ha inedls e DavKirdae emr
LudwMieeenu wesen
TheI nstitutionalizoafti on
30.
20W.e bera ndth e Persisteonfc e SociWaell afre
Religion A studoyfm edicalizing
Socitahle ocry,a pitaliasnmdt he management
MikaHeoll mquist
sublime
Jsopeh Luogh
W. H.
The RoolfeR eligioinn
31.
21G.l obalizatiUonnc,e rtainty ModernS ocieties
andL ateC areersS ociety EditebydD etPlifol lack
in and
EdtiebydH anPset-Belro sSifealrndad, DanielA .O lson
V.
BuhcohalnzDd i Hrofo kc ker
SexR esearcahn dS exT herapy
32.
22B.o urdieuP'osl itics A socoigoilcanala lysoifMs a sters
Probleamnsdp ossliibti.i es andJ ohnson
Jeyr emLEane RoMsosr row
Media BiianRs e porting A CrisiofsW aste?
23. 33.
SociRaels earch? Understantdhirenu gb bissohc iety
Thec asoef r eviewienthgn ic MarOt'iBnr ien
inequalini etideusc ation
MarryHna mmye rsle
Globalizatiaonnd
34.
Transofrmationosf L ocal
24A. GenerThaelo ryo fE motions SocioeconoPmirca ctices
and SocLiiaefl Edibyt Ueldr Scihkuee rkens
J#lrrDe.nT enHouten
TheC ultrueo fW elfare
35.
25S.o ciol,oR geyligiaonnd G race Markets
ApraSzda kolczai
Thei nternatrieocnaaslot fi ng
pensiaonndc arsey stems
lnBgoode
CohabitatiFoanmi,l ya nd Changing Relationships
36. 45.
Society EdibteyMd a lcBorylnmai nnJod h n
Ti.danaN azio Ermisch
LatinAm ericaa nd For01ala ndl nforntaWlo rk
37, 46.
Conten1poraMroyd ernity Theh iddweonr rke gimine Europe
A socioloignitcearplrt eitoan Edibyt BeidrPf gaiut- EffiLnlugiser,
JoMsaeu riDdoom ingues Flaquer anPde rJ ensen
H.
Explorintgh e Networked InterpreHtUDlinagn Rights
38. 47 .
Worldosf P opulaMru sic Socisacli enpceer spectives
Milieu cultures Edibyt Rehdi aMnonroganan Bndry an
Pet"Weebrb S.Tu rner
TheC ulturSali gnificanocfe ClubC ultures
39. 48.
theC hilSdt ar Boundariideesn,t iatnidoe tsh erness
JanOe' Connor SilRvieiaf
EuropeaInn tegratiaosan n EasterEnu ropeaInm migrant
40, 49.
ElitPer ocess Fa.nilli es
Thef ailuorfea dream? MikaReolbai la
MaxH aller
Peoplaen dS ocieties
50.
41Q.u eer PoliPteircformaanlc e RomH arraen dd esignitnhges ocial
andP rotest sciences
Bery'aSmhienp ard Iukv aLann genhove
Cosm.opoliStpaanc es SociThaelo ry
42. 51. in
Europgel,o balizthaetoiroyn , Conte01poraArsyi a
ChrisR urriford AnBnr ooks
ContexotfsS ociCaalp ital FoundatioonfsC riticMale dia
43. 52.
Socinaelt woinr kcso mmunities, andl nfor01atiSotund ies
markeatnsdo rganizations ChrisFtiaunc hs
Editebyd R ay-HMsayu Nna&Lin n a nd
RonBarledig er Co01paniont oLif e Course
53.A
Studies
FeminisD01o,n1 estiityc and Thes ocialhis taonrdi caclon teoxft
44.
PopulaCru lture the Britbiisrhct ohh osrttu dies
Edibyt SetdaGi clyla isnJ do anne MichWaadsewlo rtha nJdo hBny nner
Hollows
Foudnatiosno fC ritical
Mediaa ndI nforamtion
Stduies
Christni Fauchs
�� ���!�n�Jl�up
LONDONA NDN EWY ORK
Firpsutb lis2h0e1d1
byRoudedge
2 ParSkq uarMei,l tPoanr Akb,i ngdOoxno,n O X144 RN
Simultanepouubslliysi hnte hdUe S Aa ndC anada
byRoudedge
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Routledgea nim prinift th eT qyloFrr anGrciso uapn,i '!formbausin ess
is &
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All
oru tiliiznae ndyf oromr b ya nye lectronic, moeroc thhameneria cnals,,
nowk nowonr h ereafter iinnvcelnutdpeihdno,gt ocopaynidrn egc ording,
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LibrCaaryta loguPuingb licaDtioanta
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FuchCsh,r istian
Foundatioonfcs r itimceadila a ndf oundasttiuodni es/by Christian Fuchs.
p.cm.
Massm edia-8ocaisaple c2t.Ms a.s mse di3a..C ritictalh eo4r.y.
I.
Informastoicoine ty.
Informatteicohnn o--l-8oogcyiaaslp ectTsi.tl e.
5. I.
HMJ206:F832 011
302.23'1-dc22 2010033866
ISBN9:7 8-Q-415-58(h8b8k1)- 2
ISBN:978-0-203-83086-4�bk)
Contents
Lisoftfi gures
X11l
Lisoft tahles
XV
Introduction 1
1
PART I
Theory 9
Criticthale oryt oday 11
2
2.1Wh atis c riticthaelo ry? 11
2.2T hper obofl iemmm anaenntdcr ea ndsecniecncne ri tictahle ory 26
2.2.Th1ep osintoitvofiis criottiqn u e 28
2.2.T2hep ostmondoetrofion cn ri tique 29
2.2.Cr3i tthiecoaarylsi mmantenrta nscendence 34
2.3
Thdee boantr ee distriabnurdtie ocno gntihtpeior no:bof l bema se
ansdu peurcstituncrr rietic tahle ory 43
2.3.1
FraasneHdro nnetthh:de e boantr ee distrainbdu tion
recognaisatr iefroanm iofn tghp er oboflem b asaen d
superstruicnct riutirctheae lo ry 43
2.3.2
Basaen sdu perstrruecctounrseti odweaarr edds:
dialemcotdofie cslao lc ainead!J dialectic-materialistic
morpahli losopf!y 48
2.4Dia lectpichaill oasnocdpr f!yi titchaelory 53
2.4D.i1a lectthiic�aaklsidi engo logy 53
2.4.N.e2g adtiiavleecA tidcosra:nn oBd h askar 55
24.. 3M arcuBsloe,ca hn d b�tohsneud bj:e ctd-ioablejcetcitc 58
2.5C onclusion 71
Criticmaedila andi nformatiosnt udies 75
3
3.1l riformatsicoienan ncmdee daian cdo mmunisctautidoine s 75
3.2C ritimceadlci oam,m uniacnadt iiorifonr smtautWdni es 93
3.3D ialecpthiiclaolas nocdpri f!yt miecdaaialn idrifo rmatsitound ies 121
3.4l riformants ioocthiee!Jo aryn idrif ormactioapniatla lism 112
3.5C onclusion 132
Coenntts
X
KarlM arx andc ritim.ceadli aa ndi nform.atisotnu dies 153
4
4.1I ntroduction 135
4.2
ThMea rxicacinur qfi ctpa ital 137
4.K3a Mralr oxmn e dainacd o mmunication 141
4.3.1r loqfe t hmeei dia nc omomdpirtyuo cdtion 141
The
4.3.M1e.d1ti heanc oasl otegcyh nqfo rlotagioyn alizati1o2n4
4.3.T1h.se2ep cpificr oqfc ecpsaistc aolnt creaantnido n
ceanltirziantteh ri eloamnqf thmee dia 134
4.3.Th1e.s 3ep cffircoqfle m edcipaai tailtn h peru ocdtqfi on
medcioan tents 144
4.3.T1h.ge4ne elrr aoqfl theem ediiinan a t-graonrizational
cpoorrcaotem munication 146
1.3.T1h.ge5e nreorqfla telh m ee diitnah g oelb alization
qf cpaitalism 174
4.3.T2h e qfr toehml eedi inca o mimtyoc cdiurlation 148
1.3.T2h.se1ep cfoinficct qfi moeindia nftausctret ur
cpaitiantelh accubmytru alnasitimnoign t t
medciao ntents 184
4.3.T2h.me2e daisca a rsr ieaqfrd tisviengrm esgesthsaa t
adnvcaceo mimtyso adles 194
1.3.Th2e.g 3e nreorqflea t lhm ee diinrae u dcgit nhe
cciurlaatintodun r ntiomqfve ec prait al 149
1.3.M2e.d4ai natd hg elb oailzaqfti woonr trladd e 151
4.3.2The.s 5ap tcieanlitra zatiloqfn cp aitbya mle aqfn s
trapnosrtaatnicdoo nm mcuantiion 151
4.3M.e3d ainaid de ology 152
4.3A.l4t ernarltivoeeofs media 145
the
4.4C onclusion 155
PART II
Cases tudies 161
Them. ediaa ndinf orm.atione conom.ayn dt hen ewi m.periali1sm6 3
5
5.1It nruocdtion 136
5.2T heoqfri neesiwp m elriiaasnmgdo l bcapalil tisam 167
5.3
Ane pmiraincaal:Jqfls t eihn se iwpm erialism 176
5.3.T1hc eo nceqfn ctapriattaioln 167
5.3.T2hd emo inaqfn ficnea cnpaciet al 177
5.3.T3hi epm ortqfa cnpacietaep lxo rt 181
5.3.T4he ec ondovimiisofci t oehwn o ralmdgo b ngic orporations 158
5.3.Th5ep oilticdviails qfi tohwneo rld 179
5.4
Iriformatciapointaaallnisth dmen eiwpm eriaalnisep mmi:ric al
anaf:Jsis 203
5.4.T1hc eo ntcrenan tcifipa oitiantlh i erif ormsaetcitoonr 203
5.4.F2i nacpnaictaean ildrifo mratcipaoint al 207
5.4.Cp3ai taeplxo arnttd hi rifeo rmaitnuiodsnt ries 208
