Foundations for Microwave Engineering

945 Pages·2007·24.93 MB·English

A C LA S S lC R E I S S UE
Foundations
for Microwave
Engineering
SECOND EDITION
Robert E. Collin
Foundations for Microwave Engineering
SECOND EDITION
Donald G. Dudley, Series Editor
muiaUomjor Microwatt Engineering. Second Edition, covers the major topics of microwave engineering- Its presentation
defines the accepted standard for both advanced undergraduate and graduate level courses on microwave engineering.
An essential reference book lor the practicing microwave engineer, it features.-
• Planar transmission lines, as well as an appendix that describes in detail conformal mapping methods for their
analysis and attenuation characteristics.
• Small aperture coupling and its application in practical components such as directional couplers and cavity
coupling
• Printed circuit components with an emphasis on techniques such as even and odd mode analysis and the use of
symmetry properties
• Microwave linear amplifier and oscillator design using solid-state circuits such as varactor devices and transistors.
Foimdationi for Microwave Engineering, Second Edition, has extensive coverage of transmission lines, waveguides,
microwave circuit theory, impedance matching, and cavity resonators. It devotes an entire chapter to fundamental
microwave tubes, as well as other chapters on periodic structures, microwave filters, small signal solid-state microwave
mplifier and oscillator design, and negative resistance devices and circuits. Completely updated in 1992, it is being
eissued by the IEEE Press in response to requests from our many members, who found u an invaluable textbook and
an enduring reference for practicing microwave engineers.
<oul ihe Author
Robert E. Collin is the author or coauthor ol more than 150 technical papers and five books on electromagnetic
nSeory and applications. His classic text, Field Theory of Guided Waves, is also a volume in the series. Professor Collin has
had a long and distinguished academic career at Case Western Reserve University. In addition to his professorial
duties, he has served as chairman of the Department of Electrical Engineering and as interim dean of engineering.
Professor Collin is a life fellow of the IEEE and a member of the Microwave Theory and Techniques Society and
the Antennas and Propagation Society (APSI He is a member of the U.S. Commission B of URSI and a member of
the Geophysical Society. Other honors include the Diekman Award from Case Western Reserve University for
distinguished graduate teaching, the IEEE APS Distinguished Career Award (1992), the IEEE Schelkunoff Prize Paper
Award (1992). the IEEE Electromagnetics Award (1998), and an IEEE Third Millennium Medal in 2000. In 1990
Professor Collin was elected to the National Academy of Engineering.
The IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory offers outstanding coverage of the field. It consists of
new titles of contemporary interest, as well as reissues and revisions of recognized classics by established authors
and researchers. The series emphasizes works of long-term archival significance in electromagnetic waves and
applications. Designed specifically for graduate students, researchers and practicing engineers, the series provides
affordable volumes that explore and explain electromagnetic waves beyond the undergraduate level.
••
ISBN D-7flD3-bD31-l
Visit wftww.wiley.com/ieee
>W1LEY-
'INTERSCIEN' 780780"36rmr)"
An IEEE Press Classic Reissue
FOUNDATIONS FOR
MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
SECOND EDITION
IEEE PRESS SERIES ON ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE THEORY
The IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory consists of new titles as well as reprintings and revisions of
recognized classics that maintain long-term archival significance in electromagnetic waves and applications.
Scries Editor
Donald G. Dudley
University of Arizona
Advisory Board
Robert E. Collin
Case Western Reserve University
Akira Ishimaru
University of Washington
D. S. Jones
University of Dundee
Associate Editors
ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION INTEGRAL EQUATION METHODS
Ehud Heyman Donald R. Wilson
Tel-Aviv University University of Houston
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION METHODS ANTENNAS. PROPAGATION, AND MICROWAVES
Andreas C. Cangellans David R. Jackson
University of A rizona University of Houston
BOOKS IN THE IEEE PRESS SERIES ON ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE THEORY
Christopoulos. C, The Transmission-Line Modeling Methods: TLM
Clemmow, R C. The Plane Wave Spectrum Representation of Electromagnetic Fields
Collin. R. E.. Field Theory of Guided Waves, Second Edition
Collin, R. E.. Foundations for Microwave Engineering, Second Edition
Dudley. D. G., Mathematical Foundations for Electromagnetic Theory
Elliot. R. S., Electromagnetics: History, Theory, and Applications
Felsen. L. B.. and Marcuvitz. N.. Radiation and Scattering qf Waves
Harrington. R. F, Field Computation by Moment Methods
Hansen et aL, Plane-Wave Theory of Time-Domain Fields: Near-Field Scanning Applications
Ishimaru. A., Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media
Jones, D. S.. Methods in Electromagnetic Wave Propagation. Second Edition
Lindell. 1. V., Methods for Electromagnetic Field Analysis
Peterson el al.. Computational Methods for Electromagnetics
Tai. C. T, Generalized Vector and Dyadic Analysis: Applied Mathematics in Field Theory
Tai. C. T. Dyadic Green Functions in Electromagnetic Theory. Second Edition
Van Bladel, J., Singular Electromagnetic Fields and Sources
Volakis et al., Finite Element Method for Electromagnetics: Antennas, Micmwave Circuits, and Scattering Applications
Wail. J.. Electromagnetic Waves in Stratified Media
An IEEE Press Classic Reissue
FOUNDATIONS FOR
MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
SECOND EDITION
IEEE Press Series on
Electromagnetic Wave Theory
Robert E. Collin
Professor of Electrical Engineering
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, OH
IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society, Sponsor
IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, Sponsor
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Inc., New York
WlLEY-
'INTERSCIENCE
A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.. PUBLICATION
© 2001 THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
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Printed in the United States of America
1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 32 ISBN 0-7803-6031-1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Collin. Robert E.
Foundations lor microwave engineering / Robert E. Collin.- 2nd ed.
p. cm. - (IEEE Press series on electromagnetic wave theory)
Originally published : New York : McGraw Hill, cl992.
"An IEEE Press classic reissue."
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7803-6031-1
I. Microwave devices. I. Title. II. Series.
TK7876 .C645 2000
621.381'3--dc21
00-053874
FOREWORD TO THE REISSUED EDITION
The purpose of the IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory is to publish
books of long-term archival significance in electromagnetics. Included are new titles as
well as reprints and revisions of recognized classics. The book Foundations for Micro
wave Engineering, by Robert E. Collin, is by any measure such a classic. The original
edition of the book appeared in 1966 and remained in print until the appearance of the
second edition in 1992, a span of 26 years.
In the second edition. Professor Collin completely updated and modernized his book
to include the many advances that had occurred in microwave engineering since the
appearance of the original edition. That the second edition has gone out of print has
caused concern among many of my colleagues in the IEEE Antennas and Propagation
Society (APS) and the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT). We at
the IEEE Press are delighted to be able lo overcome this difficulty by introducing a
reprint of the second edition into our Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory. The book
is a thorough and in-depth exposition on microwave engineering. Furthermore, it will
make an excellent companion to Professor Collin's book, Field Theory- of Guided Waves,
also included in the series.
Professor Collin has been a valued colleague for many years. He is the author or
coauthor of five books and more than 150 technical papers. His contributions to
electromagnetics span a wide range of subjects and have brought him international re
spect and many awards. Among these are election to the National Academy of Engineer
ing, the IEEE Electromagnetics Field Award, the IEEE/APS Distinguished Career Award,
an IEEE/APS Schelkunoff Prize Paper Award, and the IEEE Third Millennium Medal.
It is with pleasure that I welcome this book into the series.
Donald G. Dudley
University of Arizona
Series Editor
IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory
IEEE Press
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M.Akay M.Eden M.S.Newman
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Mark Morrell, Associate Production Editor
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IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, Sponsor
MTT-S Liaison to IEEE Press, Karl Varian
Cover design: William T. Donnelly, WT Design
CONTENTS
Preface
XV
1 Introduction
1
1.1 Microwave Frequencies 1
1.2 Microwave Applications 3
1.3 Microwave Circuit Elements and Analysis 6
References 16
2 Electromagnetic Theory
17
2.1 Maxwell's Equations 17
2.2 Constitutive Relations 23
2.3 Static Fields 28
2.4 Wave Equation 31
2.5 Energy and Power 33
2.6 Boundary Conditions 39
44
2.7 Plane Waves
44
Plane Waves in Free Space
49
2.8 Reflection from a Dielectric Interface
49
1. Parallel Polarization
52
2. Perpendicular Polarization
53
2.9 Reflection from a Conducting Plane
56
2.10 Potential Theory
59
•2.11 Derivation of Solution for Vector Potential
62
2.12 Lorentz Reciprocity Theorem
65
Problems
70
References
3 Transmission Lines and Waveguides 71
Part 1 Waves on Transmission Lines 72
3.1 Waves on An Ideal Transmission Line 72
3.2 Terminated Transmission Line: Resistive Load 78
vii
ViU COOTENTS
3.3 Capacitive Termination 82
3.4 Steady-State Sinusoidal Waves 85
3.5 Waves on a Lossy Transmission Line 86
Loss-Free Transmission Line 88
Low-Loss Transmission Line . 89
3.6 Terminated Transmission Line: Sinusoidal Waves 89
Terminated Lossy Line 94
Part 2 Field Analysis of Transmission Lines 96
3.7 Classification of Wave Solutions 96
TEM Waves 99
TE Waves 100
TM Waves 102
3.8 Transmission Lines (Field Analysis) 104
Lossless Transmission Line 104
Transmission Line with Small Losses 108
3.9 Transmission-Line Parameters 112
3.10 In homogeneously Filled Parallel-Plate Transmission Line 117
Low-Frequency Solution 121
High-Frequency Solution 123
3.11 Planar Transmission Lines 125
3.12 Microstrip Transmission Line 130
Low-Frequency Solutions 136
Microstrip Attenuation 153
High-Frequency Properties of Microstrip Lines 158
Attenuation 163
3.13 Coupled Microstrip Lines 164
3.14 Strip Transmission Lines 170
Attenuation 171
3.15 Coupled Strip Lines 173
3.16 Coplanar Transmission Lines 175
Attenuation 178
High-Frequency Dispersion 180
Part 3 Rectangular and Circular Waveguides 180
3.17 Rectangular Waveguide 181
TE Waves 182
Power 186
Attenuation 187
Dominant TE Mode 190
10
TM Modes 193
3.18 Circular Waveguides 194
TM Modes 194
TE Modes 196
3.19 Wave Velocities 198
Phase Velocity 199
Group Velocity 200
Energy-Flow Velocity 204
3.20 Ridge Waveguide 205
3.21 Fin Line 208
Problems 210
References 219