Table Of ContentFossil Mammals of Asia
NEOGENE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND CHRONOLOGY
Xiaoming Wang, Lawrence J. Flynn, and Mikael Fortelius
EDITED BY
FOSSIL MAMMALS OF ASIA
FOSSIL
MAMMALS
OF ASIA
NEOGENE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
AND CHRONOLOGY
Edited by Xiaoming Wang, Lawrence J. Flynn, and Mikael Fortelius
Columbia University Press New York
Supported by the Special Researches Program of Basic Science and Technology
(grant no. 2006FY120400), Ministry of Science and Technology, People’s Republic of China.
Columbia University Press
Publishers Since 1893
New York Chichester, West Sussex
cup.columbia.edu
Copyright © 2013 Columbia University Press
All rights reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Fossil mammals of Asia : Neogene biostratigraphy and chronology / edited by Xiaoming Wang,
Lawrence J. Flynn, and Mikael Fortelius.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: “Th is book is on the emergence of mammals in Asia, based largely on new fossil
fi nds throughout Asia and cutting- edge biostratigraphic and geochemical methods of dating
the fossils and their geological substrate”— Provided by publisher.
ISBN 978- 0- 231- 15012- 5 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Mammals, Fossil— Asia. 2. Paleontology— Neogene. 3. Paleontology— Asia.
4. Geology, Stratigraphic— Neogene. 5. Geology, Stratigraphic— Asia. I. Wang,
Xiaoming, 1957– II. Flynn, Lawrence J. (Lawrence John), 1952–
III. Fortelius, Mikael, 1954–
QE881.F66 2012
569.095—dc23
2012008531
Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid- free paper.
Th is book is printed on paper with recycled content.
Printed in the United States of America
cover image: About 15 Ma, in the early Middle Miocene of Central Asia, an agitated Kubanochoerus, with characteristically high facial horns,
charges up a trail in a riparian habitat. Th e Kubanochoerus was a large, long- legged member of the pig family (Suidae), with individuals
of some species exceeding 500 kg. It is charging past the fossorial rodent Tachyoryctoides, a fully subterranean extinct muroid unrelated
to modern burrowing rodents. Tachyoryctoides was larger than the living Asiatic zokor, a mole rat of body mass typically 200 g or more.
Both mammals are iconic for a large part of Asia, from Mongolia and China, eastward to the Aral Sea. Th ey overlap in time, although
Kubanochoerus characterizes Middle Miocene Tunggurrian- age faunas, while Tachyoryctoides is commonly found in Oligocene and
Early Miocene assemblages. (Illustration by Mauricio Antón)
c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
References to Internet Web sites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. Neither the editors
nor Columbia University Press is responsible for URLs that may have expired
or changed since the manuscript was prepared.
To Richard H. Tedford
1929–2011
We dedicate this book to Richard H. Tedford for the perceptive advancements that he stimulated in the fi eld of evolu-
tionary biology, as represented by the vertebrate fossil record of Asia. Dick’s many passions included fi eld documenta-
tion of Asian mammalian biostratigraphy, and he set a high standard for all to follow in championing multidisciplinary,
international collaborations. His work inspires future generations of researchers.
CONTENTS
Introduction Chapter 4
Toward a Continental Asian Biostratigraphic Early Miocene Xiejiahe and Sihong Fossil Localities
and Geochronologic Framework and Th eir Faunas, Eastern China
Xiaoming Wang, Lawrence J. Flynn, Zhu- ding Qiu and Zhan- xiang Qiu 142
and Mikael Fortelius 1
Chapter 5
PART I. EAST ASIA Neogene Faunal Succession and Biochronology
of Central Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia)
Chapter 1 Zhu- ding Qiu, Xiaoming Wang, and Qiang Li 155
Neogene Land Mammal Stages/Ages of China:
Toward the Goal to Establish an Asian Land Chapter 6
Mammal Stage/Age Scheme Mammalian Biochronology of the Late Miocene
Zhan- xiang Qiu, Zhu- ding Qiu, Tao Deng, Bahe Formation
Chuan- kui Li, Zhao- qun Zhang, Ban- yue Wang, Zhao- qun Zhang, Anu Kaakinen, Li- ping Liu, Juha Pekka
and Xiaoming Wang 29 Lunkka, Sevket Sen, Wulf A. Gose, Zhu- ding Qiu,
Shao- hua Zheng, and Mikael Fortelius 187
Chapter 2
North China Neogene Biochronology: Chapter 7
A Chinese Standard Stratigraphy and Paleoecol ogy of the Classical Dragon
Michael O. Woodburne, Richard H. Tedford, Bone Localities of Baode County, Shanxi Province
and Everett H. Lindsay 91 Anu Kaakinen, Benjamin H. Passey, Zhao- qun Zhang,
Li- ping Liu, Lauri J. Pesonen, and Mikael Fortelius 203
Chapter 3
A Single-Point Base Defi nition of the Xiejian Age Chapter 8
as an Exemplar for Refi ning Chinese Land Review of the Litho-, Bio-, and Chronostratigraphy
Mammal Ages in the Nihewan Basin, Hebei, China
Jin Meng, Jie Ye, Wen-y u Wu, Xi- jun Ni, and Bao- quan Cai, Shao- hua Zheng, Joseph C. Liddicoat,
Shun- dong Bi 124 and Qiang Li 218
viii CONTENTS
Chapter 9 Chapter 16
Late Cenozoic Biostratigraphy of the Linxia Basin, Mammalian Neogene Biostratigraphy of the Sulaiman
Northwestern China Province, Pakistan
Tao Deng, Zhan- xiang Qiu, Ban- yue Wang, Xiaoming Pierre- Olivier Antoine, Gregoire Métais, Maeva J. Orliac,
Wang, and Su- kuan Hou 243 J.- Y. Crochet, Lawrence J. Flynn, Laurent Marivaux,
Abdul Rahim Rajpar, G. Roohi, and Jean- Loup
Chapter 10 Welcomme 400
Neogene Mammalian Biostratigraphy and
Geochronology of the Tibetan Plateau Chapter 17
Xiaoming Wang, Qiang Li, Zhu- ding Qiu, Guang- pu Xie, Indian Neogene Siwalik Mammalian Biostratigraphy:
Ban- yue Wang, Zhan- xiang Qiu, Zhijie J. Tseng, An Overview
Gary T. Takeuchi, and Tao Deng 274 Rajeev Patnaik 423
Chapter 11 Chapter 18
Hominoid- Producing Localities and Biostratigraphy Paleobiogeography and South Asian Small Mammals:
in Yunnan Neogene Latitudinal Faunal Variation
Wei Dong and Guo- qin Qi 293 Lawrence J. Flynn and Wilma Wessels 445
Chapter 12 Chapter 19
Miocene Land Mammals and Stratigraphy of Japan Advances in the Biochronology and Biostratigraphy
Yukimitsu Tomida, Hideo Nakaya, Haruo Saegusa, of the Continental Neogene of Myanmar
Kazunori Miyata, and Akira Fukuchi 314 Olivier Chavasseau, Aung Aung Khyaw, Yaowalak
Chaimanee, Pauline Coster, Edouard- Georges
Chapter 13 Emonet, Aung Naing Soe, Mana Rugbumrung, Soe
Pliocene Land Mammals of Japan Th ura Tun, and Jean- Jacques Jaeger 461
Ryohei Nakagawa, Yoshinari Kawamura,
and Hiroyuki Taruno 334 PART III. NORTH AND CENTRAL ASIA
PART II. SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA Chapter 20
Miocene Mammal Biostratigraphy of Central Mongolia
Chapter 14 (Valley of Lakes): New Results
Th e Siwaliks and Neogene Evolutionary Biology Gudrun Daxner- Höck, Demchig Badamgarav, Margarita
in South Asia Erbajeva, and Ursula Bettina Göhlich 477
Lawrence J. Flynn, Everett H. Lindsay, David Pilbeam,
S. Mahmood Raza, Michèle E. Morgan, John C. Barry, Chapter 21
Catherine E. Badgley, Anna K. Behrensmeyer, Late Cenozoic Mammal Faunas of the Baikalian Region:
I. U. Cheema, Abdul Rahim Rajpar, Composition, Biochronology, Dispersal, and
and Neil D. Opdyke 353 Correlation with Central Asia
Margarita Erbajeva and Nadezhda Alexeeva 495
Chapter 15
Th e Neogene Siwaliks of the Potwar Plateau, Pakistan Chapter 22
John C. Barry, Anna K. Behrensmeyer, Catherine E. Badgley, New Data on Miocene Biostratigraphy and Paleoclima-
Lawrence J. Flynn, Hannele Peltonen, I. U. Cheema, tology of Olkhon Island (Lake Baikal, Siberia)
David Pilbeam, Everett H. Lindsay, S. Mahmood Raza, Gudrun Daxner- Höck, Madelaine Böhme,
Abdul Rahim Rajpar, and Michèle E. Morgan 373 and Annette Kossler 508
CONTENTS ix
PART IV. WEST ASIA AND ADJACENT REGIONS Chapter 28
Neogene Mammal Biostratigraphy and Chronology
Chapter 23 of Greece
Late Miocene Mammal Localities of Eastern Eu rope and George D. Koufos 595
Western Asia: Toward Biostratigraphic Synthesis
Eleonora Vangengeim and Alexey S. Tesakov 521 PART V. ZOOGEOGRAPHY AND PALEOECOL OGY
Chapter 24 Chapter 29
Late Miocene (Turolian) Vertebrate Faunas from Continental- Scale Patterns in Neogene Mammal
Southern Eu ro pe an Rus sia Community Evolution and Biogeography:
Vadim V. Titov and Alexey S. Tesakov 538 A Europe- Asia Perspective
Majid Mirzaie Ataabadi, Li-ping Liu, Jussi T. Eronen,
Chapter 25 Raymond L. Bernor, and Mikael Fortelius 629
Recent Advances in Paleobiological Research of the Late
Miocene Maragheh Fauna, Northwest Iran Chapter 30
Majid Mirzaie Ataabadi, Raymond L. Bernor, Intercontinental Dispersals of Sicistine Rodents
Dimitris S. Kostopoulos, Dominik Wolf, Zahra Orak, (Sicistinae, Dipodidae, Rodentia) Between Eurasia
Gholamreza Zare, Hideo Nakaya, Mahito Watabe, and and North America
Mikael Fortelius 546 Yuri Kimura 656
Chapter 26 Chapter 31
A Review of the Neogene Succession of the Muridae Paleodietary Comparisons of Ungulates Between
and Dipodidae from Anatolia, with Special Reference the Late Miocene of China, and Pikermi and Samos
to Taxa Known from Asia and/or Eu rope in Greece
Hans de Bruijn, Engin Ünay, and Kees Hordijk 566 Nikos Solounias, Gina M. Semprebon, Matthew C.
Mihlbachler, and Florent Rivals 676
Chapter 27
Late Miocene Fossils from the Baynunah Formation, List of Contributors 693
United Arab Emirates: Summary of a De cade
of New Work Taxonomic Index 701
Faysal Bibi, Andrew Hill, Mark Beech,
and Walid Yasin 583 General Index 723
