Fossil and Recent Biofilms: A Natural History of Life on Earth

485 Pages·2003·18.52 MB·English

by  Wolfgang E. Krumbein

FOSSIL AND RECENT BIOFILMS
Fossil and Recent
Biofilms
A Natural History of Life on Earth
Edited by
Wolfgang Elisabeth Krumbein
ICBM, Carl von Ossietzky University Olgenburg,
Germany
David Maxwell Paterson
Gatty Marine Laboratory,
University of St. Andrews, Scotland,
u.K.
and
Georgii Aleksandrovich Zavarzin
Institute of Microbiology,
Russian Academy of Science, Moscow,
Russia
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA B.V.
A c.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-6412-7 ISBN 978-94-017-0193-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-0193-8
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the
exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered
and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF:
SadiCARNOT Robert von MAYER Wilhelm OSTWALD
Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnal (June 1, 1796 - August 24, 1832) first
considered the quantitative relationship between heat and work.
Lord Kelvin of Largs regarded Camot as the founder of thennodynamics.
Julius Robert von Mayer (November 25, 1814 - March, 20,1878) was the
first to apply thennodynamics to the inanimate and animate world.
His statement..
"Und so fangt die Krautdecke der Erde das Licht, die fliichtigste alier
Krafte im Fluge ein und verwandelt es in niitzliche chemische Energie" (And
thus the blanket of herbs catches light, the most evasive of forces, in flight
and transfonns it into useful chemical energy) already indicates the potential
of biofi1ms to store huge amounts of sun energy in the sedimentary crust of
planets. This energy pump proposed by Robert Mayer (or honey pump of J.
Beuys) combines physical and planetary thennodynamics with the
thennodynamics of life as later elaborated by W. Ostwald.
Wilhelm Ostwald (September 02,1853 - April 04,1932) was Nobel
laureate (1909) and is commemorated for his immortal contribution to the
understanding of multiple catalytic processes in Nature
(Biofilms have been and are the most efficient catalysts between inanimate
and animate Earth)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Biodata of the Editors .................................................................................. xi
Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... xiv
Preface
J William Costerton and Paul. Stoodley
Microbial biofilms: protective niches in ancient and modern
geomicrobiology .......................................................................................... xv
Chapter 1:
Wolfgang E. Krumbein. Ulrike Brehm, Anna A. Gorbushina, Geroge
Levit, Katarzyna A. Palinska
Biofilm, Biodictyon and Biomat -Biolaminites, Oolites, Stromatolites -
Geophysiology, Global Mechanism and Parahistology ................................ .
Chapter 2:
Thomas R. Neu, Annett Eitner, M Luz Paje
Development and architecture of complex environmental biofilms -
lotic biofilm systems ..................................................................................... 29
Chapter 3:
David M Paterson, Rupert Perkins, Mireille Consalvey, Graham J C.
Underwood
Ecosystem function, cell micro-cycling and the structure of transient
biofilms ....................................................................................................... 47
Chapter 4:
John F. Stolz
Structure of marine biofilms -Flat Laminated Mats and Modern Marine
Stromatolites ................................................................................................ 65
Chapter 5:
Michael Kiihl, Tom Fenchel, JozeJKazmierczak
Growth, structure and calcification potential of an artificial
cyanobacterial mat ...................................................................................... 77
viii
Chapter 6
Pamela Reid, C. D. Dupraz, P. T. Visscher, D. Y. Sumner
Microbial processes forming marine stromatolites -Microbe-Mineral
Interactions with a Three-Billion-Year Rock Record................................ 103
Chapter 7:
Lucas J. Stal
Nitrogen cycling in marine cyanobacterial mats ........................................ 119
Chapter 8:
Georgii A. Zavarzin
Diversity of Cyano-Bacterial Mats........ .................................................... 141
Chapter 9:
Ulrike Brehm, Wolfgang E. Krumbein, Katarzyna A. Palinska
Microbial spheres from microbial mats.......... ........................ .............. ..... 151
Chapter 10:
Hartmut Arndt, Kerstin Schmidt-Denter, Brigitte Auer, Markus
Weiterer
Protozoans and biofilms ............................................................................. 161
Chapter 11:
Joachim Scholz, George Levit
Bryozoan morphoprocesses ....................................................................... 181
Chapter 12:
Gisela Gerdes
Biofilms and macroorganisms ...... ................ .................. ........................... 197
Chapter 13:
Chantal DeRidder, Robin L. Brigmon
"Farming" of microbial mats in the hindgut of echinoids ......................... 217
Chapter 14:
Alan W. Decho, Tomohiro Kawaguchi
Extracellular polymers (EPS) and calcification within modem marine
stromatolites ............................................................................................... 227
Chapter 15:
David C. Gillan
The Study of a recent Iron-encrusted biofilm in the marine environment. 241
Chapter 16:
Stjepko Golubic, Jiirgen Schneider
Microbial endoliths as internal biofilms .................................................... 249
ix
Chapter 17:
Nora Nojjke
Epibenthic cyanobacterial communities in the context of sedimentary
processes in siliciclastic depositional systems (present and past) .............. 265
Chapter 18:
Derek E. G. Briggs
The role of biofilms in the fossilization of non-biomineralized tissues ..... 281
Chapter 19:
Alain Preat, K. Kolo, B. Marne!, Anna A. Gorbushina, David C. Gillan
Fossil and subrecent fungal communities in three calcrete series from
the devonian Canadian rocky mountains, Carboniferous of northern
France and Cretaceous of central Italy ....................................................... 291
Chapter 20:
Maud M Walsh, Frances Westall
Archean biofilms preserved in the Swaziland supergroup, South Africa .. 307
Chapter 21:
Douglas E. Caldwell
Is the feedback between genetic structure and community structure the
computational mechanism ofbiofilm evolution? ...................................... 317
Chapter 22:
George Levit, Wolfgang E. Krurnbein
Is there an adequate terminology ofbiofilms and microbial mats? ........... 333
Chapter 23:
Betsey D. Dyer
Hidden in plain sight -A macroscopic approach to biofilms and other
visible manifestations of bacteria in the teaching of field microbiology ... 343
Chapter 24:
Nickolai V Shadrin
Is it possible to quantitatively assess the role of algobacterial films in a
water body? ................................................................................................ 353
Chapter 25:
Eric P. Verrecchia, Corinne Loisy, Olivier Braissan!, Anna A.
Gorbushina
The role of fungal biofilm and networks in the terrestrial calcium
carbonate cycle .......................................................................................... 363
x
Chapter 26:
Karsten Pedersen
Past and present biofilm formation in deep fennoscandian shield
groundwater............................................................................................... 371
Chapter 27:
Jesus M Valero, J. lfiaki AlavaAlava
Melanin and chromatic changes in black crusts of sandstone monuments 381
Chapter 28:
Karsten Rodenacker, Bettina Hausner, Anna A. Gorbushina
Quantification and spatial relationship of microorganisms in sub-aquatic
and sub-aerial biofilms ............................................................................... 387
Chapter 29:
Joseph Seckbach
Life on the edge and beyond...................................................................... 401
Chapter 30:
Yuri M Svirezhev, Arthur Block, Werner von Bloh
"Active planetary cover" concept and long-term evolution of planetary
climate ........................................................................................................ 415
Chapter 31:
Jan Toporski, Andrew Steele, David S. McKay, Frances Westall
Bacterial biofilms in astrobiology: the Importance oflife detection ......... 429
Chapter 32:
Frances Westall, Maud M Walsh, Jan Toporski, Andrew Steele
Fossil biofilms and the search for life on Mars .......................................... 447
Chapter 33:
A. Yu. Rozanov, E. Zhegallo, G. T Ushatinskaya
Some aspects of studying offossil mats and biofilms ............................... 467
Index .......................................................................................................... 473
Professor Wolfgang Elisabeth Krumbein is an interdisciplinary scientist
(and artist) combining many fields of expertise. He has published as a
sedimentologist, microbiologist, molecular ecologist, ecologist, marine
scientist, palaeontologist philosopher and conservation scientist in more than
125 different scientific periodicals and more than 15 books. He is the
founder of ICBM Oldenburg, a recipient of several honorarium doctorates
and international prizes. His main interests, however, were always to
promote young scientists in many different fields. He has been involved in
more than 75 doctorate promotions worldwide. He feels his major scientific
obligation is the promotion of the fusion of Planetary and Life Sciences
beneath, above and beyond physical, chemical, and biological borders of
planet Earth. He is a leading figure in geomicrobiology and geophysiology
as emerging branches of science as well as in Exobiology including the
NASA sponsored "Planetary Biology and Microbial Ecology (PBME)"
courses. One of his major contributions, however, was understanding the
impact of microbes on the conservation and restoration of cultural heritage.
The photo depicts his acceptance speech of the Dr. honoris causa of the
University of Gdansk in the Artushof, Gdansk, from where his ancestors
traded beer, science, wheat and wood with all Europe and further afield.