Table Of ContentLIBRARY
CREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS
PA'
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United States Forest Insect and
Department of
Agriculture
Disease Conditions
Forest Service
Forest in the United States
Pest
Management
1990
Washington, DC
September 1991
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from
LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation
http://archive.org/details/forestinsectdiseOOhofa
Forest Insect and
Disease Conditions
the United States
in
1990
Technical Coordinators
Thomas H. Hofacker
Robert C. Loomis
Richard F. Fowler
Lawrence Turner
Keri Webster
USDA Forest Service Regions and Area
Pacific
Northwest
Region /or
R-6
Pacific
Southwest
Region
R-5
PuertoRico
Additional copies of this report are available from:
USDA Forest Service,
Forest Pest Management, AB-2S
P.O. Box 96090,
Washington, DC 20090-6090
Cover photo: Germinating spore of cottonwood leaf rust, Melampsora spp.
Contents
Regional Map
Introduction
IV
Part 1
National Summary Gypsy Moth 3
Southern Pine Beetle 6
Spruce Budworm 8
Mountain Pine Beetle 9
Western Spruce Budworm 11
Overview of Diseases 12
Part 2
Regional Conditions Northern Region (R-1)
Insects 19
Disease 24
Rocky Mountain Region (R-2)
Insects 29
Diseases 34
Southwestern Region (R-3)
Insects 41
Diseases 44
Intermountain Region (R-4)
Insects 48
Diseases 52
Pacific Southwest Region (R-5)
Insects 56
Diseases 70
Pacific Northwest Region (R-6)
Insects 75
Diseases 77
Southern Region (R-8)
Insects 81
Diseases 88
Eastern Region and (R-9)
Northeastern Area
Insects 95
Diseases 106
Alaska Region (R-10)
Insects 114
Diseases 118
Part 3
Indexes Insects and Diseases
Insects 123
Diseases 128
Introduction
The 1990 report provides an overview of forest insect This is the 40th year that the U.S. Department of
and disease conditions in the United States. Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Pest Management
has published this report. Much of the report is based
The report is a three-part publication summarizing the on special aerial or ground surveys. These surveys
current status of major insect and disease pests in record short-term changes in pest activity. The
the United States. Part I is a condition summation of 5 information supplements the tree mortality information
major insects and several significant diseases. In Part gathered in periodic forest resource inventory surveys
II, detailed information about pest conditions on all done by the Forest Service.
landownerships in the Forest Service Regions is
arranged numerically by Region (see map on page
The Northern Region (Region 1) is first, and the Alaskiia). We appreciate the assistance of all State, Federal,
Region (Region 10) is last. Each Region has 2 sections, and private cooperators who provided information for
a section on insects followed by a section on diseases. this report.
Part III is an index of the common and scientific names
of insects and disease-causing organisms found in For additional information about conditions in a
this report. particular State, contact one of the following Forest
Pest Management staffs:
Forest Pest Management offices nationwide completed
the necessary information for lands of all ownerships.
Forest Service, USDA 630 Sansome Street
Northern Region (R-1) San Francisco, CA 94111
Federal Building
P.O. Box 7669 Forest Service, USDA
Missoula, MT 59807 Pacific Northwest Region (R-6)
319 S.W. Pine Street
Forest Service, USDA P.O. Box 3623
Rocky Mountain Region (R-2) Portland, OR 97208
1 1 177 West 8th Avenue
P.O. Box 25127 Forest Service, USDA
Lakewood, CO 80225
Southern Region (R-8)
1720 Peachtree Road, N.W., Room 925N
Forest Service, USDA Atlanta, GA 30367
Southwestern Region (R-3)
Federal Building
Forest Service, USDA
517 Gold Avenue, S.W.
Albuquerque, NM 87102 Eastern Region (R-9) and
Northeastern Area
Forest Service, USDA 5 Radnor Corporate Center
Intermountain Region (R-4) 100 Matsonford Road, Suite 200
Radnor, PA 19087
Federal Building
324 25th Street
Ogden, UT 84401 Forest Service, USDA
Alaska Region (R-10)
Forest Service, USDA 201 E. 9th Avenue, Suite 201
Pacific Southwest Region (R-5) Anchorage, AK 95501
IV
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GYPSY MOTH
Almost 7.3 million acres were defoliated by the gypsy traps caught no moths in Giles County in 1990.
moth (Lymantria dispar) during 1990. This is more However, adjacent to the area, in West Virginia, moths
than double the three million acres recorded in 1989 were trapped. This area will be closely monitored in
and almost five times the 719,000 acres recorded in 1991.
1988.
Elsewhere, eradication programs were carried out
Before 1971, gypsy moth defoliation in the U.S. only againstsmallerisolated infestations in Colorado, Illinois,
exceeded 1 million acres in one year (1953 with 1.5 Minnesota, North Carolina, Tennessee, Washington
million acres). Defoliation never exceeded 2 million and Wisconsin.
acres until 1980. Since then, defoliation in excess of 2
million acres has been recorded 6 times.
1990 Gypsy Moth Generally Infested Area
Over half (59%) of the 1990 defoliation took place in
Pennsylvania. This was the most defoliation ever
recorded for the State and exceeded the previous
5-year accumulated State total. New York was the
only State that reported a decrease in defoliation
between 1989 and 1990.
This year, more than 1.5 million acres of Federal,
State and private lands were treated with Bacillus
thuringiensis and dimilin in efforts to reduce the
defoliation.
The gypsy moth continued its south and westward
movement. Ohio reported defoliation for the first time.
In West Virginia, 12 of 54 counties are regulated under
the gypsy moth quarantine. Eighty-four of the 132
independent cities and counties in Virginia are
regulated. Two counties in North Carolina, Currituck
County and Dare County, are regulated.
Eradication efforts continued against the large isolated
gypsy moth infestation in Salt Lake City, Utah, and
nearby areas.
No treatments were carried out against the isolated
infestation that once covered 9,000 acres in Clay
County, North Carolina. Monitoring will continue in
1991.
An extensive isolated infestation located in Giles
County, Virginia, was treated for the first time in 1988.
In 1989, atotal of 17,862 acresweretreated. Monitoring
National Summary - Gypsy Moth
3
Acres of Aerially Detected Defoliation
State 1989 1990
Connecticut 1,888 3,790
Delaware 78,430 176,576
Maine 35,000 270,433
Maryland 97,911 133,062
Massachusetts 950 83,595
Michigan 294,344 358,338
New Hampshire 18,395 133,200
New Jersey 137,310 431,235
New York 421,138 354,162
Ohio 115
Pennsylvania 1,506,790 4,357,700
Rhode Island
Vermont 237,335 63,000
Virginia 289,332 594,000
Washington, D.C. 10
West Virginia 86,736 388,746
Total 2,995,559 7,297,962
ocation of 1990 Gypsy Moth Eradication Treatments
