Forensic odontology: principles and practice

474 Pages·2016·40.46 MB·English

by  Kieser, Jules;Taylor, Jane A

Forensic Odontology

Forensic
Odontology
Principles and Practice
EditEd by
Jane A. Taylor
Faculty of Health and Medicine
University of Newcastle
Australia
Jules A. Kieser (Deceased)
Faculty of dentistry
University of Otago
New Zealand
this edition first published 2016 © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Registered Office
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, the Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
Editorial Offices
9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2dQ, UK
the Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030‐5774, USA
For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to
apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at
www.wiley.com/wiley‐blackwell.
the right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the
UK Copyright, designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
except as permitted by the UK Copyright, designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of
the publisher.
designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand
names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective owners. the publisher is not associated with any product or vendor
mentioned in this book.
Limit of Liability/disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author(s) have used their best
efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy
or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. it is sold on the understanding that the publisher is
not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for
damages arising herefrom. if professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a
competent professional should be sought.
Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Forensic odontology (taylor)
Forensic odontology : principles and practice / edited by Jane taylor, Jules Kieser.
p. ; cm.
includes bibliographical references and index.
iSbN 978‐1‐118‐86444‐9 (cloth)
i. taylor, Jane (Jane A.), editor. ii. Kieser, Jules (Jules A.), editor. iii. title.
[dNLM: 1. Forensic dentistry. W 705]
RA1062
614′.18–dc23
2015029796
A catalogue record for this book is available from the british Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not
be available in electronic books.
Set in 9.5/13pt Meridien by SPi Global, Pondicherry, india
1 2016
Contents
Contributors xiv
Dedications xvi
Preface xviii
1 Foundation knowledge in forensic odontology 1
Jules A. Kieser, Jane A. Taylor, Zaf Khouri and Maurice Churton
Introduction 1
A short history of forensic odontology 2
Forensic odontology in Australia 5
Forensic odontology in New Zealand 10
Working as an odontologist 19
References 20
2 Jurisprudence and forensic practice 23
David L. Ranson
Legal systems and the healthcare community 23
Types of law 28
The coronial system 32
The investigators within the coroner’s jurisdiction 38
Court procedures and the expert medical witness 41
Long‐term preparation 48
Medium‐term preparation 48
Short‐term preparation 49
Logistics of appearing as a witness 49
Refreshing memory 50
Revision of medical knowledge 51
Medico‐legal analysis 52
Pre‐trial conference 52
Entering the court 53
Conversations outside the court 53
Appearance and behaviour 54
Report writing 57
Reference 63
Recommended reading 63
v
vi Contents
3 Anatomy and morphology 64
Mark Leedham and Erin F. Hutchinson
Dental anatomy and morphology 64
Morphogenetic fields 65
Additional teeth 66
Hypodontia 70
Shape anomalies 72
Peg lateral incisors 72
General head and neck anatomy 73
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) 73
Infratemporal fossa 74
Pterygopalatine fossa 74
Mandibular nerve 75
Salivary glands 75
Oral cavity 76
Blood supply and lymphatic drainage of
the orodental tissues 77
Osteology of the juvenile and adult craniofacial complex 77
Neurocranium 77
Frontal bone 80
Parietal bone 84
Occipital bone 86
Temporal bone 95
Sphenoid bone 103
Viscerocranium 110
Zygomatic bone 110
Lacrimal bone 113
Ethmoid bone 114
Inferior nasal concha 116
Vomer bone 117
Nasal bone 119
Maxilla 119
Palatine 125
Mandible 126
References 130
4 Forensic pathology 134
David L. Ranson and Norman Firth
The role of the forensic pathologist 134
The medico‐legal autopsy 135
Post‐mortem changes in the deceased 139
Decomposition 140
Contents vii
Radiological examination 140
External examination 141
Head 142
Trunk 143
Limbs 143
Internal examination 144
The face, head and neck 145
The thorax 151
The abdomen and pelvis 153
The genitalia 154
The limbs 154
Post‐autopsy procedures 154
Injuries 155
Classification of injuries 156
Injury interpretation 164
Injury and cause of death 165
References 166
Recommended reading 166
5 Human identification 167
Stephen Knott
Human identification 167
We have the right to our name when we die 167
Methods of identification 168
Human dentition 169
Teeth: the last tissue to disintegrate 169
Role of the primary identifiers 171
Visual 171
Fingerprints 171
DNA 172
Medical and anthropological 173
Ante‐mortem dental data 173
Dental records or dental data? 174
Dental prostheses 175
Oral implants 176
Orthodontics 176
Radiographic images: facial sinuses and anatomical
features within the bone 176
Superimposition 178
Facial reconstruction 179
Standards for acceptance of identification 181
References 183
viii Contents
6 Mortuary techniques 185
Alain G. Middleton
The dental post‐mortem 185
What is the purpose of the dental post‐mortem? 185
Components of a dental post‐mortem 186
Location 186
Facilities 186
Equipment – basic requirements 186
Ventilation 186
Lighting 187
Examination table 187
Oral health and safety – personal protection 187
Head hair 187
Face 187
Hands 188
Body covering 188
Footwear 188
‘Tools of the trade’ 188
Photography 189
Capture device (camera and lens/es) and media 189
Producing and processing images 189
Organising images 190
Using images 190
Backup 190
Archiving 190
Depth of field 191
Fragments and single teeth 191
Radiographic equipment 192
CT scanning equipment 192
Teeth for DNA analysis 192
The ‘what and how’ 193
Organisation 193
Permissions 193
Examination and recording of the findings 195
The investigative examination 196
The identification examination 196
Detail 196
Written observations and charting 197
Recording of the findings 197
Stress 197
Legibility 197
Language 197
Errors 198