Forensic DNA Applications: An Interdisciplinary Perspective

600 Pages·2014·7.17 MB·English

by  Dragan Primorac

FORENSICS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE
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FORENSIC DNA APPLICATIONS O
R
AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE
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“ … the most comprehensive volume on forensic and ancestral DNA analysis yet published.
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Drs. Primorac and Schanfield deserve considerable credit for having brought this wide-ranging C
material together under one cover.”

D FORENS C
—R. E. Gaensslen, Prof. Emeritus, Forensic Science, University of Illinois, Chicago
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From the Foreword
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Forensic DNA Applications: An Interdisciplinary Perspective was developed as an outgrowth DNA
of a conference held by the International Society of Applied Biological Sciences. The topic P
was human genome–based applications in forensic science, anthropology, and individualized P
medicine. Assembling the work of contributors from numerous regions around the world, this L
volume is designed as both a textbook for forensic molecular biology students and a reference for I
C APPLICATIONS
practitioners and those in the legal system.
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The book begins with the history and development of DNA typing and profiling for criminal and civil T
purposes. It discusses the statistical interpretation of results with case examples, mitochondrial I
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DNA testing, Y single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and short tandem repeats (STRs), and AN INTERDISCIPLINARY
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X SNP and STR testing. It also explores low copy number DNA typing, mixtures, and quality
assurance and control. S
PERSPECTIVE
The second section examines the collection and preservation of biological evidence under a variety
of different circumstances and the identification of human remains—including in mass disaster
settings. It discusses applications to bioterrorism investigations, animal DNA testing in criminal
cases, pedigree questions and wildlife forensic problems, applications in forensic entomology, and
forensic botany.
The third section explores recent developments and new technologies, including the rigorous P
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identification of tissue of origin, mtDNA profiling using immobilized probe strips, chips and im
next-generation sequencing, the use of SNPs to ascertain phenotypic characteristics, and the o
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“molecular autopsy” that looks at aspects of toxicogenetics and pharmacogenetics.
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The book concludes with a discussion on law, ethics, and policy. It examines the use of DNA Dragan Primorac
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evidence in the criminal justice systems of both the United States and Europe, ethical issues h
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in forensic laboratory practices, familial searches, DNA databases, ancestry searches, physical n
fi Moses Schanfield
phenotyping, and report writing. The contributors also examine DNA applications in immigration e
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and human trafficking cases and international perspectives on DNA databases.
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FORENSIC
DNA
APPLICATIONS
AN INTERDISCIPLINARY
PERSPECTIVE

FORENSIC
DNA
APPLICATIONS
AN INTERDISCIPLINARY
PERSPECTIVE
Edited by
Dragan Primorac, M.D., Ph.D.
Adjunct Professor of Forensic Science, Eberly College of Science,
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, and
Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences,
University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, USA
Professor of Pediatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split,
Split, Croatia and School of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
Moses Schanfield, Ph.D.
Professor of Forensic Science and Anthropology,
Department of Forensic Science,
George Washington University, Mount Vernon Campus,
Washington, D.C., USA
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20131217
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-8023-7 (eBook - PDF)
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We bring this volume to the forensic community in honor and memory of the
innocent who fell victim to violence and brutality around the world and for
their loved ones who suffered the pain of loss. We dedicate this volume to all
forensic scientists and practitioners whose work is essential to uphold justice
in the hope that the world will become a better and less violent place.
I dedicate my contribution to this volume to the memory of my father
Marinko, and to my mother Dragica, wife Jadranka, daughters Lara
and Matea, brother Damir and his family, and to all my friends and
colleagues who have been the source of love, inspiration, and strength.
—Dragan Primorac
I dedicate my contribution to my mother Fannie, wife Patricia, daughters
Amanda and Samantha, brother David, sister Miriam, and their
families for all the support over the years. I thank all my colleagues,
living and those who passed on, for their support, inspiration, and
ideas that have contributed in their own way to this book.
—Moses Schanfield

Contents
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xix
Authors xxi
Contributors xxiii
Section I
GENERAL BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGICAL
CONCEPTS
1 Basic Genetics and Human Genetic Variation 3
DRAGAN PRIMORAC, MOSES S. SCHANFIELD, AND
DAMIR MARJANOVIĆ
2 Forensic DNA Analysis and Statistics 55
MOSES S. SCHANFIELD, DRAGAN PRIMORAC, AND
DAMIR MARJANOVIĆ
3 Forensic Aspects of mtDNA Analysis 85
MITCHELL M. HOLLAND AND GORDAN LAUC
4 Y Chromosome in Forensic Science 105
MANFRED KAYSER AND KAYE N. BALLANTYNE
5 Forensic Application of X Chromosome STRs 135
TONI MARIE DIEGOLI
6 Low Copy Number DNA Profiling 171
THERESA CARAGINE, KRISTA CURRIE, AND CRAIG O’CONNOR
7 Forensic DNA Mixtures, Approaches, and Analysis 189
THERESA CARAGINE, ADELE MITCHELL, AND CRAIG O’CONNOR
8 Forensic DNA Typing and Quality Assurance 205
DANIEL VANEK AND KATJA DROBNIČ
vii
viii Contents
Section II
USES AND APPLICATIONS
9 Collection and Preservation of Physical Evidence 253
HENRY C. LEE, TIMOTHY M. PALMBACH, DRAGAN PRIMORAC,
AND ŠIMUN ANĐELINOVIĆ
10 Identification of Missing Persons and Mass Disaster Victim
Identification by DNA 277
BARBARA A. BUTCHER, FREDERICK R. BIEBER,
ZORAN M. BUDIMLIJA, SHEILA M. DENNIS, AND MARK A. DESIRE
11 Bioterrorism and Forensic Microbiology 293
ALEMKA MARKOTIĆ, JAMES W. LE DUC, AND JENNIFER SMITH
12 Forensic Animal DNA Analysis 317
MARILYN A. MENOTTI-RAYMOND, VICTOR A. DAVID,
STEPHEN J. O’BRIEN, SREE KANTHASWAMY, PETAR PROJIĆ,
VEDRANA ŠKARO, GORDAN LAUC, AND ADRIAN LINACRE
13 Application of DNA- Based Methods in Forensic Entomology 353
JEFFREY D. WELLS AND VEDRANA ŠKARO
14 Forensic Botany: Plants as Evidence in Criminal Cases and
as Agents of Bioterrorism 367
HEATHER MILLER COYLE, HENRY C. LEE, AND
TIMOTHY M. PALMBACH
Section III
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS IN HUMAN FORENSIC MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY
15 Forensic Tissue Identification with Nucleic Acids 385
DMITRY ZUBAKOV AND MANFRED KAYSER
16 Evolving Technologies in Forensic DNA Analysis 417
CASSANDRA D. CALLOWAY AND HENRY ERLICH