FOR YIELD, QUALITY AND ECONOMICS UNDER DIFFERENT GROWING CON

173 Pages·2017·1.65 MB·English

Journal of Progressive Agriculture, Vol. 8 No. 2: Oct. 2017
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ASSESSMENT OF VARIETIES OF TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
FOR YIELD, QUALITY AND ECONOMICS UNDER DIFFERENT GROWING
CONDITIONS
D. S. Murkute1, P. Verma2, Yogesh Pawar*, J.R. Vadodaria3, and L. R.Varma4
Department of Horticulture, C.P. College of Agriculture,
S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar- 385 506 (Gujarat)
*Email: [email protected]
Received: 14.02.15
Accepted: 06.04.17
ABSTRACT
The present investigation was planned and executed at Horticulture Instructional Farm,
Department of Horticulture, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar
Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar (Gujarat) during 2010. The
experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomised Block Design with eight tomato varieties
and two growing condition. Results of study inferred that, naturally ventilated polyhouse
grown plants was recorded maximum individual fruit weight (38.24 g), fruit volume (46.74
cc), fruit diameter (4.46 cm), fruit length (3.80 cm) and acidity (0.43 per cent). However,
maximum ascorbic acid content was found in open field grown fruits which were 11.70
mg. Among different varieties Pusa Hybrid-2 recorded maximum fruit length (4.35 cm)
and individual fruit weight (41.44 gm), while Arka Saurabh showed maximum diameter
(4.93 cm) and fruit volume (62.33 cc). It was further exhibited that variety Arka Alok
recorded highest TSS per cent (4.75 per cent) and ascorbic acid (13.20 mg/ 100 g), whereas
maximum acidity per cent was recorded by fruits of variety Arka Vikas (0.47 per cent).
Pusa Hybrid-2 under NVP recorded maximum gross return ( 9, 88,480), net return (
8, 62,124) and benefit:cost ratio (6.82:1).
Key words: Naturally ventilated polyhouse, open field, quality, tomato genotypes.
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) only by growing promising genotype
is important vegetable for canning under suitable condition which helps to
industry and has good demand in market. boosting tomato production.
Tomato grown in almost all the corners Protected cultivation or controlled
of the country belongs to family environment agriculture (CEA) is a total
Solanaceae. Tomato is highly regarded concept of modifying the natural
for its nutritional importance also. It is environment for optimum plant growth
rich source of vitamin A (320 IU) and C (Sirohi, 2002). It comprises of
(31 mg). Apart from these, it is good manipulation of abiotic factors like air
source of minerals like potassium (114 and root zone temperature, relative
mg), phosphorus (36 mg), magnesium humidity, light, air velocity, atmospheric
(15 mg) and others in smaller amounts concentration of carbon dioxide (CO ),
2
(Chaudhary, 2006). root zone oxygen and nutrient
concentration and moisture supply to
Now-a-days due to increased awareness
control the crop growth.
about environment impact and consumers
Greenhouse vegetable production is
demand in terms of good quality and safe
initially capital intensive, highly
produce, growers are adopting
productive, conserves water and land and
greenhouse production system. Rapid
can be less harmful to environment
increase of population increase demand
compared with field production (Resh,
for agricultural produce and it will fulfill
1997). Under open field condition it is
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very difficult to grow vegetables Arka Meghali, Arka Abha and Arka Alok
successfully in the rainy season due to under naturally ventilated polyhouse and
very high incidence of viruses, open field condition, therefore making
insects/pests, fungal and bacterial total sixteen treatment combination. The
diseases. Similarly, several abiotic treatments were three replicated thrice.
stresses caused by extreme temperature, The paired row system of planting was
high humidity and high radiation also do followed with 75cm x 45cm x 45cm
not permit successful vegetable spacing. Sowing was done in the month
cultivation under open environment of May and transplanting was done after
during the rainy and post rainy season. one month of sowing on flat bed.
But some low-cost protected technologies Recommended package of practices were
like insect-proof net house, shade net followed to grow crop successfully.
house and naturally ventilated Fruit length and fruit diameter of five
greenhouses are highly suitable for fruits from each tagged plants was
successful cultivation of common and measured with the help of digital vernier
high-value vegetables both during rainy caliper. Fruit volume was measured by
and post rainy season (Singh et al. 2010). measuring cylinder method, i.e. Fruits
Also in the present scenario the cultivable were dipped in measuring cylinder which
land area is decreasing day by day due to has water and the difference between
rapid urbanization, industrialization and final and initial volumes of water was
shrinking land holdings. India acquiring noted. Total soluble solids content of
second position in production of tomato fruit was determined using Erma
vegetables after China but the Hand Refractometer (0-32 Brix). The
productivity scenario clears that Indian mean data were subjected to statistical
farmers unable to reach top in analysis following standard procedure
productivity due to lack of advanced (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).
agro-techniques. Growing of crops under
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
protection has many advantages but
biggest advantage lies with off- Yield character:
seasonality and superior quality of the Data on yield per hectare revealed that
produce (Kumar et al. 2007). Therefore, plants grown under polyhouse recorded
vegetable production under low cost maximum yield per hectare (76.20 t) over
greenhouse technology is the best the plants grown under open field. Main
alternative to use the land and other effect of genotypes found statistically
resources more efficiently. significant on yield per hectare. Among
eight genotypes Pusa Hybrid-2 produced
MATERIALS AND METHODS
highest yield per hectare (87.47 t). In
The experiment was conducted in 2010 interaction effect of growing condition
the naturally ventilated polyhouse and with different genotypes noticed that,
open field of Horticulture Instructional among grown genotypes, Pusa Hybrid-2
Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of recorded higher yield per hectare under
Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar greenhouse as well as open field which
Dantiwada Agricultural University, was 123.56 tonnes and 51.33 t,
Sardarkrushinagar. The experiment was respectively. Highest number of fruits per
arranged in factorial randomized design plant under greenhouse was due to
with eight treatments (Varieties) viz. prolonged harvesting span which resulted
Anand Tomato- 3, Pusa Ruby, Pusa in maximum yield per hectare. Similar
Hybrid-2, Arka Saurabh, Arka Vikas, results were observed by, Pandey et al.
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(2000), Cheema et al.( 2003) and Parvej cm and 4.25 cm, respectively, while Pusa
et al. (2010). Ruby recorded minimum i.e. 3.13 cm and
Quality attributes: 2.33 cm, respectively. Diameter of fruit
Data on quality parameters of different recorded maximum in Arka Saurabh
variety fruits found significant between (5.43 cm). Under open field, maximum
two growing conditions. Fruits of fruit diameter was recorded in Arka Alok
naturally ventilated polyhouse grown (4.58 cm), however, Arka Saurabh (4.44
plants were recorded maximum cm), Arka Abha (4.35 cm) and Pusa
individual fruit weight (38.24 g), fruit Hybrid-2 (4.24 cm) were found at par
volume (46.74 cc), fruit diameter (4.46 with Arka Alok. Among greenhouse
cm), fruit length (3.80 cm) and acidity grown varieties, Arka Saurabh recorded
(0.43 per cent). However, maximum highest weight of fruit (52.25 gm) and
ascorbic acid content was found in open fruit volume (73.33 cc). In case of open
field grown fruits which were 11.70 mg. field maximum fruit weight and volume
Earlier in 2005a Singh et al. have proved was found in Pusa Hybrid-2 (41.01 gm)
the role of micro-climate in improving and Arka Saurabh (51.33 cc),
quality parameters of tomato. Naturally respectively.
ventilated polyhouse grown have better Variation in fruit size parameters was due
quality of fruits than open field except to difference in shape of fruits. Similar
ascorbic acid. Results on ascorbic acid results on fruit diameter and length of
were found parallel with findings of Pant fruits under different growing conditions
et al. 1996. was also reported by Hazarika and
Data of different varieties revealed that Phookan (2005), and Parvej et al. (2010)
variety Pusa Hybrid-2 recorded in tomato and Pandey et al. (2005) in
significantly maximum fruit length (4.35 capsicum. However, fruit weight and
cm) and individual fruit weight (41.44 g) volume differed due to difference in fruit
while Arka Saurabh showed maximum length and diameter of fruits of different
diameter (4.93 cm) and fruit volume varieties grown in different environment.
(62.33 cc). The results further exhibited Results on fruit weight and volume are
that variety Arka Alok recorded highest agreed with findings of Ganesan (2002)
TSS per cent (4.75 per cent) and ascorbic and Cheema et al. (2003).
acid (13.20 mg per 100 g). Under naturally ventilated polyhouse
There was a marked variation in the variety Arka Alok recorded maximum
acidity content of tomato fruits and it was TSS per cent (5.31 per cent) and ascorbic
observed that maximum acidity was acid (12.35 mg), whereas, in open field
recorded by fruits of variety Arka Vikas Arka Saurabh and Arka Alok found
(0.47 per cent). Quality characters maximum in TSS per cent (5.10 per cent)
governed by heredity or genetic and ascorbic acid (14.04 mg) content,
constitution of plant, hence, variation in respectively.
different varieties are obvious. The Maximum acidity per cent under
results of these quality characters are in naturally ventilated polyhouse grown
confirmity with results of Pant et al. varieties was found in Pusa Hybrid-2
(1996), Cheema et al. (2003), Hazarika (0.54 per cent) followed by Arka Meghali
and Phookan, (2005), Singh et al. (0.52 per cent). Among open field grown
(2005b). varieties, Arka Abha recorded highest
Under polyhouse and open field acidity per cent of 0.59 per cent. The
environments variety Pusa Hybrid-2 results obtained on these characters are in
recorded maximum fruit length of 4.45 the line with the findings of Pant et al.
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(1996), Dhaliwal et al. (2000), Pandey et net return and benefit:cost ratio of (
al. (2000). 4,10,640), ( 3,19,247) and (3.49:1),
Economics respectively was in this variety.
Results regarding in economics i.e. cost
CONCLUSION
of cultivation, gross return, net return and
benefit:cost ratio are presented in table 2 Between two growing conditions the
and they revealed that, among sixteen naturally ventilated polyhouse proved
treatments, T (Pusa Hybrid-2 under superior over open field condition.
3
NVP) recorded maximum gross return ( Among eight varieties the variety Pusa
9, 88,480), net return ( 8, 62,124) Hybrid-2 found superior over other
and benefit:cost ratio (6.82:1). While, varieties with respect to yield, quality
under the open field condition variety characters and economics under both the
Pusa Hybrid-2 was found to most conditions.
remunerative as maximum gross return,
Table 1: Performance of different tomato varieties on yield and quality attributes under NVP and
open field
Fruit Fruit Fruit Individual Ascorbic
Yield TSS Acidity
Treatment Length Diameter Volume Fruit Weight Acid
hectare-1 % %
(cm) (cm) (cc) (g) (mg/100gm)
Growing Condition
NVP 76.20 3.80 4.46 46.74 38.69 4.06 10.62 0.43
Open field 33.88 3.47 4.09 37.52 29.36 4.18 11.70 0.42
CD @ 5% 2.57 0.15 0.20 4.03 2.08 NS 0.28 0.01
Variety
Anand
36.20 3.80 4.02 34.41 27.69 4.45 10.47 0.33
Tomato-3
Pusa Ruby 36.16 3.00 3.55 24.08 19.36 3.57 10.00 0.33
Pusa Hybrid-2 87.45 4.35 4.32 42.25 41.44 3.46 11.05 0.45
Arka Saurabh 68.12 3.91 4.93 62.33 40.19 4.36 11.32 0.46
Arka Vikas 61.60 3.35 4.06 35.86 32.44 4.07 11.00 0.47
Arka Meghali 58.63 3.32 4.11 39.17 36.58 4.38 9.68 0.44
Arka Abha 53.53 3.74 4.57 45.37 35.53 3.92 12.58 0.52
Arka Alok 38.63 3.62 4.65 53.58 38.94 4.75 13.20 0.38
CD @ 5% 5.15 0.30 0.39 8.07 4.15 0.68 0.57 0.02
G x V
T 48.58 4.19 3.93 32.17 31.91 4.44 10.42 0.32
1
T 56.68 3.13 3.71 27.33 24.98 3.28 9.38 0.37
2
T 123.56 4.45 4.38 44.83 41.87 3.32 9.90 0.54
3
T 96.86 4.21 5.43 73.33 52.25 3.62 10.75 0.48
4
T 76.71 3.48 4.25 41.33 35.08 4.04 11.53 0.42
5
T 85.78 3.49 4.53 51.34 46.33 4.31 8.81 0.52
6
T 72.77 3.80 4.79 47.23 37.07 4.17 11.84 0.44
7
T 48.62 3.66 4.72 56.33 40.09 5.31 12.35 0.32
8
T 23.81 3.40 4.10 36.67 23.48 4.47 10.51 0.34
9
T 15.63 2.88 3.40 20.83 13.75 3.85 10.62 0.29
10
T 51.33 4.25 4.27 39.67 41.01 3.60 12.21 0.36
11
T 39.38 3.60 4.44 51.33 28.14 5.10 11.89 0.43
12
T 46.50 3.22 3.87 30.40 29.79 4.10 10.47 0.50
13
T 31.49 3.15 3.70 27.00 26.84 4.45 10.55 0.35
14
T 34.28 3.68 4.35 43.50 34.01 3.67 13.31 0.59
15
T 28.65 3.58 4.58 50.83 37.80 4.20 14.04 0.45
16
CD @ 5% 7.28 0.42 0.55 11.40 5.88 0.96 0.81 0.03

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Table 2: Performance of different tomato varieties on economics under NVP and open field
Treatment Cost of Gross Net returns B:C
cultivation ( ) returns ( ) ( ) ratio
(T) Anand Tomato-3 under NVP 1,25,903 3,88,640 2,62,737 2.08:1
1
(T) Pusa Ruby under NVP 1,26,194 4,53,440 3,27,246 2.59:1
2
(T) Pusa Hybrid-2 under NVP 1,26,356 9,88,480 8,62,124 6.82:1
3
(T) Arka Saurabh under NVP 1,26,234 7,74,880 6,48,646 5.13:1
4
(T) Arka Vikas under NVP 1,26,234 6,13,680 4,87,446 3.86:1
5
(T) Arka Meghali under NVP 1,26,234 6,86,240 5,00,006 4.43:1
6
(T) Arka Abha under NVP 1,26,234 5,82,160 4,55,926 3.61:1
7
(T) Arka Alok under NVP 1,26,234 3,88,960 2,62,726 2.08:1
8
(T) Anand Tomato-3 under open field 90,942 1,90,480 99,538 1.09:1
9
(T ) Pusa Ruby under open field 91,233 1,25,040 33,807 0.37:1
10
(T ) Pusa Hybrid-2 under open field 91,393 4,10,640 3,19,247 3.49:1
11
(T ) Arka Saurabh under open field 91,273 3,15,040 2,23,767 2.45:1
12
(T ) Arka Vikas under open field 91,273 3,72,000 2,80,727 3.07:1
13
(T ) Arka Meghali under open field 91,273 2,51,920 1,60,647 1.76:1
14
(T ) Arka Abha under open field 91,273 2,74,240 1,82,297 2.00:1
15
(T ) Arka Alok under open field 91,273 2,29,200 1,37,927 1.51:1
16
The sale price of tomato was Rs 8/kg.
REFERENCES
Chaoudhary, B. 2006. Vegetables. National book components in tomato (Lycopersicon
trust, India. pp- 43-54 esculentum MILL.) Haryana J. Hort. Sci. 29
Cheema, D.S., Kaur, P., Dhunna, O.S., Singh, P., (3&4): 207-208.
Kaur, S., Kaur, Sandeep. and Dhaliwal, M.S. Pandey, V., Ahmed, Z., Tewari, H.C, and
2003. Off season production of tomato under Narendra Kumar. 2005. Effect of greenhouse
net house conditions. Haryana J. hort. Sci. 32 models on plant growth and yield of capsicum
(3&4): 288-289. in North West Himalaya. Indian J. Hort. 62 (3),
September 2005: 312-313.
Dhaliwal, M.S., Singh, S. and Cheema, D.S. 2000.
Evaluation of tomato F hybrids. Haryana J. Pant, P. C., Pande, H. K., Verma, G. S., Biswas,
1
Hort. Sci. 29 (1&2): 128 V. R., Pruthi, T. D., Kumar, N. 1996.
Physical parameters and biochemical
Ganesan, M. 2002. Comparative evaluation of low
cost greenhouse and its effect on the yield and constituents of tomato grown under various
quality of two varieties of tomato protected conditions. New Agriculturist., 7 (1):
(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Indian 33-36.
Agriculturist. 46 (3/4): 161-168. Parvej, M.R., Khan, M.A.H., and Awal, M.A.
Gomez, K.A. and A.A. Gomez, 1984. Statistical 2010. Phenological development and
procedures for agricultural research, 2nd production potentials of Tomato under
edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York. pp polyhouse climate. The Journal of Agricultural
84-89. Sciences. 5 (1): 19-31.
Hazarika, T.K., and Phookan, D.B. 2005. Singh, B., Mahesh, K., Hasan, M. 2005b.
Performance of tomato cultivars for polyhouse Performance of tomato cultivars under
cultivation during spring summer in Assam. greenhouse conditions in northern India.
Indian Journal of Horticulture. 62(3): 268-271. Journal of Vegetable Science.11 (4):73-80.
Singh, R., Nagre, D.D. and Saytedndra, K. 2005a.
Kumar, M., Kohli, S. K., Gupta, and Vikaram, A.
2007. Effect of growing media, irrigation Effect of planting time on yield, quality and
regime, fertigation and mulching on economics of tomato hybrids in heated
productivity of tomato in naturally ventilated polyhouse. International Conference on
polyhouses in Hills. Indian Journal of Plasticulture and Precision Farming, held at
Agriculture Sciences. 77 (5): 302-304. The Ashok, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi (17th
Nov.to 21st Nov., 2005). Book of Abstract,
Pandey, S., Dixit, J., Dwivedi, S.V. and Dubey, R.
Abstract No. ICPPF/145/GH/28. pp-46
2000. Stability analysis for yield and its
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COMBING ABILITY ANALYSIS FOR NITROGEN FIXATION IN
BLACKGRAM (Vigna mungo L. Hepper)
Kalyan Singh Shekhawat
Senthil Seeds Private Limited, IDAR, Gujarat-383430
Received: 01.09.17
Accepted: 16.10.17
ABSTRACT

The present investigation was conducted at Plant Breeding Farm, RCA, Udaipur.
Experimental material comprised of ten parents and 45 hybrids (adopting half diallel)
raised in RBD with three replications in two environments (first- control; second-seed
treated with Rhizobium urd culture). The main objective was to estimate combining ability
analysis for nitrogen fixation characters. Interaction of GCA and SCA with environment
was significant for nodules fresh weight per plant, nodules dry weight per plant, plant
fresh weight, plant dry weight, nitrogen content of plant, carbohydrate content,
leghaemoglobin content. The ratio of 2SCA/ 2GCA was greater than one for all the
characters studied, there by indicating the preponderance of non-additive gene effects in
the inheritance of all the characters. Estimates of GCA effects indicated that parents RBU
36, RBU 28 and RUD 59 were good general combiner for most of the nitrogen fixing traits.
These parents could be further used in breeding programme. The crosses T9 x BGU 54,
99-U-27 x RUD 59 and RBU 28 x RBU 38 were best specific combiner for various nitrogen
fixing characters. However, these crosses could be used as a high nitrogen fixing capacity
for the varietal development by adopting the pedigree method.
Keywords: Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.), Combing ability and Nitrogen fixation
Legumes are "Unique jewels of Indian behavior of nitrogen fixation to evolve
crop husbandry" (Swaminathan, 1981), high nitrogen fixing genotype(s).
through their recognized role in restoring For breeding high yielding varieties of
soil fertility and valued for protein rich crop plants, combining ability analysis is
food, feed and fodder. Pulse crops are one of the powerful tools available which
grown over an area of 238.19 lakh provides information on the nature and
hectares with production of 148.09 lakh magnitude of genetic variance for
tones (Anonymous, 2001). The country components of productivity. Further
would need at least 23 million tons of estimation of combining ability effects
pulses by 2005 A.D. and 30 million would also enable to discriminate
tonnes by 2020 AD (Anonymous, 2000). efficient and productive genotypes for
High yielding varieties developed in creating more productive resource base.
blackgram could not give desired The concept of combining ability was
productivity mainly due to their high developed by Sprague and Tatum (1942).
input requirements like costly chemical According to them general combining
fertilizers which are unaffordable by the ability (GCA) measures the average
poor farmers. Thus, nitrogen is one of the performance of line in hybrid
major plant nutrient and becomes a combinations, while specific combining
limiting factor in realizing yield potential ability (SCA) measures the deviation of
of high yielding varieties, so to increase certain expected combinations on the
biological nitrogen fixation, there is a basis of average performance of lines
requirement to understand the genetic involved.
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Griffing (1956) presented statistical sowing. Number of nodules per plant,
concept of general and specific Nodules fresh weight per plant (mg),
combining ability. The general Nodules dry weight per plant (mg), Plant
combining ability involved additive and fresh weight (g), Plant dry weight (g),
additive x additive interaction, where as, Nitrogen content of plant (mg/gm) by
specific combining ability measures Snell and Snell (1939), Carbohydrate
dominance, additive x dominance and content (%) by Hedge and Hofreiter
dominance x dominance interactions. (1962), Nitrate reductase activity
Hence, estimation of combining ability (min/mg protein) by Hageman and Read
becomes essential in identifying superior (1980), Leghaemoglobin content (%) by
parents as they reflet on the performance Appleby and Bergersen, (1980)
of parents and also to isolate heterotic Combining Ability Analysis
crosses in several breeding programmes. (Individual environment) : The
combining ability analysis was performed
MATERIALS AND METHODS
for each environment separately by
The present investigation was conducted method 2 Model I of Griffing (1956).
at Plant Breeding Farm of Rajasthan
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
College of Agriculture, Udaipur during
Kharif, 2000. The material comprising Analysis of variance for combining
of ten genetical and geographical diverse ability revealed that mean squares due to
genotypes of blackgram selected on the general combining ability (GCA) and
basis of their nitrogen fixing ability and specific combining ability (SCA) was
seed yield. The cross were attempted in significant for all the characters studied
half diallel at Plant Breeding Farm, (Table 1), this indicated that both additive
Rajasthan College of Agriculture, and non additive genes played a role in
Udaipur. Parents used in the present the inheritance of these characters.
investigation: Dungla, T9, RBU28, According to Jinks (1954), Griffing
RBU38, TPU4, 99-U-27, RUD79, (1956) and Hayman (1957) reported
RUD59, BGU102, BGU54. The 45 F1s general combining ability is attributed to
along with 10 parents were grown in two additive, additive x additive interaction
environments (first (E1), control; second and is fixable in nature. While on the
(E2) use of Rhizobium urd culture for other hand specific combining ability is
seed treatment) in randomized block attributed to non additive i.e. dominance
design with three replications during and dominance based interactions and is
kharif, 2000. Each parent and F1 were non-fixable. If the random sample of the
planted in single row plot of 2 meter selected parents is considered the ratio of
length with 30 and 10 cm row to row and 2SCA: 2GCA was greater than one for all
plant to plant spacing, respectively. the characters their by indicating the
Irrigations were given as and when
preponderance of non additive variance
required. Recommended agronomical in blackgram for the expression of these
practices were followed to raise the traits under study.
successful crop, no supplement nitrogen Combining Ability Effects :
fertilizer was given. Characterwise results for general
The observation on the following traits combining ability of parents (g) and
i
were recorded on five representative
specific combining ability effects (Sij)
plants grown adjacent to one another
are given below (Table 3 & 4) :
were selected from each replication in
both the environments after 45 days of
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Number of nodules per plant : Pooled BGU 54) on pooled basis. Other
analysis revealed that out of 10 parents, 4 important crosses were recorded viz., 99-
parents exhibited significant positive U-27 x RUD 59 (70.42), T9 x BGU 102
GCA effects for number of nodules per (64.98), TPU 4 x BGU 54 (56.79) and
plant. Parent RBU 38 (4.66) expressed RBU 28 x RBU 38 (55.06) in E1, Dungla
highest significant positive GCA effects x BGU 102 (87.24), Dungla x BGU 54
at par with T9 (4.41) followed by RUD (84.38) and RUD 79 x RUD 59 (74.80) in
79 (3.02) and RUD 59 (2.82). E2 and RBU 28 x 99-U-27 (70.57),
Among the crosses, 17 crosses recorded
Dungla x BGU 102 (67.56) and TPU 4 x
significant positive SCA effects, with the
RUD 59 (66.01) on pooled basis.
range varying from 3.67 (RBU 28 x RUD
Nodules dry weight per plant : Five
59) to 11.42 (TPU 4 x 99-U-27). Other
parents viz., T9 (1.39, 1.94 and 1.67),
best cross combinations having values
RBU 28 (3.62, 3.75 and 3.68), RBU 38
near to highest one were T9 x BGU 54
(6.92, 4.83 and 5.88), RUD 79 (3.70, 2.39
(9.31), RUD 79 x RUD 59 (8.68), RBU
and 3.04) and RUD 59 (6.89, 9.06 and
28 x RBU 38 (7.85), Dungla x BGU 54
7.98) exhibited significant and positive
(7.81) and BGU 102 x BGU 54 (6.94).
GCA effects in both E and E as well as
1 2
Nodules fresh weight per plant :
over the environments. Highest
Significant positive GCA effects for
magnitude of positive GCA effects for
nodules fresh weight per plant was
nodules dry weight per plant was
recorded for five parents in all the three
depicted by RBU 38 statistically at par
analysis. The highest magnitude of
with RUD 59 in E and RUD 59 in E
positive GCA effects was depicted by 1 2
parents RBU 38 (43.23) at par with RUD and pooled analysis.
59 (39.54) followed by RBU 28 (27.59) Significant positive SCA effects were
and RUD 79 (20.01) in E1, RUD 59 observed in 19 crosses in E1, 18 crosses
(65.83) followed by RBU 38 (41.55), in E2 and 22 crosses in pooled analysis.
RBU 28 (23.74) and RUD 79 (21.88) in Out of them, 13 crosses were common to
E2 and RUD 59 (52.68) followed by all the three analysis. However, the
RBU 38 (42.39), RBU 28 (25.67) and highest magnitude of SCA effects was
RUD 79 (20.95) in pooled analysis. recorded under E1 in cross RBU 28 x 99-
While, lowest magnitude of significant U-27 (11.22) statistically at par with 99-
positive GCA effects was registered for U-27 x RUD 59 (10.61), T9 x BGU 54
parents T9 (10.57, 6.63 and 8.60 in E1, (10.36) and RBU 28 x RBU 38 (9.50).
E2 and in pooled analysis, respectively). While under E2 and pooled analysis the
A perusal of SCA effects for this trait estimate of positive SCA effects were
revealed that out of 45 crosses evaluated highest in cross T9 x BGU 54 (18.96 and
15 crosses in E , 22 crosse sin E and 22 14.66).
1 2
Plant fresh weight : The GCA effects of
crosses on pooled basis were depicted
four parents viz. RBU 28, RBU 38, RUD
significant positive SCA effects, out of
79 and RUD 59 were positive and
them 12 crosses were common in all the
three analysis. It ranged from 31.23 significant in all the three analysis i.e. E1,
(Dungla x BGU 54) to 75.37 (RBU 28 x E2 and pooled. Highest magnitude of
99-U-27) in E1 21.99 (T9 x RUD 79) to GCA effects were recorded for RBU 38
106.10 (TPU 4 x RUD 59) in E2 and both under E1 (1.37) and pooled analysis
19.15 (Dungla x RUD 79) to 84.17 (T9 x (1.53) and RUD 59 under E2 (1.95).
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Among the cross combinations, 20 positive GCA effects for nitrogen content
crosses in E1, 22 crosses in E2 and 25 of plant. Out of them 4 parents viz. RBU
crosses on pooled basis exhibited 28, RBU 38, RUD 79 and RUD 59 were
significant positive SCA effects. Whereas common in all the three analysis. The
19 crosses were common in all the three maximum and minimum values for
analysis. The magnitude of positive SCA significant positive GCA effects were
effects varied from 0.85 (RUD 79 x BGU observed viz., 1.54 (RBU 28) and 0.48
102) to 3.94 (T9 x BGU 54) in E1, 1.19 (RUD 59) in E1, 1.71 (RBU 38) and 0.70
to 4.70 (Dungla x RBU 38) to 4.70 (T9 x (RUD 59) in E2, while 1.59 (RBU 38)
BGU 54) in E2 and 0.70 (RUD 79 x and 0.42 (T9) in pooled analysis.
BGU 54) to 4.32 (T9 x BGU 54) in The significant positive SCA effects were
pooled analysis. observed in 15 crosses in E1, 14 crosses
Plant dry weight : A perusal of data in E2 and 18 crosses in pooled analysis.
revealed that four parents viz., RBU 28, Out of them 12 crosses were common in
RBU 38, RUD 79 and RUD 59 were all the three analysis. The range for
expressed significant and positive GCA positive significant SCA effects varied
effects in all the three analysis. The from 0.79 (Dungla x BGU 54) to 2.63
estimates varied from 0.10 (RUD 79) to (RBU 28 x RBU 38) in E , 0.94 (BGU
1
0.19 (RBU 38) in E1, 0.09 (RBU 28) to 102 x BGU 54) to 3.24 (Dungla x BGU
0.26 (RUD 59) in E2 and 0.10 (RUD 79) 54) in E2 and 0.57 (Dungla x RBU 38) to
to 0.21 (RBU 38) in pooled analysis.
2.59 (RBU 28 x RBU 38) in pooled
However, SCA effects of 20 crosses in analysis.
E , 22 crosses in E and 25 crosses in
1 2 Other better combinations having values
pooled analysis were positive and near to highest were 99-U-27 x RUD 59
significant. Out of them, 18 crosses were (2.51), T9 x BGU 54 (2.25) and Dungla x
common in both the environments as well BGU 102 (2.07) in E1, T9 x RUD 59
as over the environments. Maximum (3.01), 99-U-27 x RUD 59 (2.67) and
magnitude of positive SCA effects were RBU 28 x RBU 38 (2.55) in E2, while
exhibited by cross T9 x BGU 54 in both
Dungla x BGU 54 (2.01) and T9 x RUD
E1 (0.49) and in pooled analysis (0.52) 59 (2.00) in pooled analysis.
and cross TPU 4 x 99-U-27 (0.62) in E .
2 Carbohydrate content : Significant
Other important crosses were RUD 79 x GCA effects for low carbohydrate
RUD 59 (0.43), TPU 4 x 99-U-27 (0.41) content were recorded in five parents
and RBU 28 x RBU 38 (0.35) in E1, T9 x each in E1 & pooled basis and 4 parents
BGU 54 (0.54), TPU 4 x RUD 59 (0.49) in E2. Out of them parents viz., RBU 28,
and RBU 28 x RBU 38 (0.46) in E2, RBU 38, RUD 79 and RUD 59 were
while TPU 4 x RUD 59 as well as RUD common in all the three analysis. The
79 x RUD 59 (0.41) and RBU 28 x RBU estimates of significant negative GCA
38 as well as 99-U-27 x RUD 59 in effects ranged from -0.61 (T9) to -1.99
pooled analysis. (RBU 28) in E1, -0.84 (RUD 79) to -1.82
Nitrogen content of plant : The (RBU 38) in E2 and 0.38 (T9) to -1.73
estimates of GCA effects revealed that
(RBU 38) in pooled analysis.
out of 10 parents evaluated, 5 parents
The SCA effects for low carbohydrate
each in E1, 4 parents in E2 and 5 parents
content were significant in 17 crosses in
on pooled basis, showed significant E , 15 crosses in E and 21 crosses in
1 2
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Journal of Progressive Agriculture, Vol. 8 No. 2: Oct. 2017
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pooled analysis with crosses common in RUD 59 in E1, 0.17 (Dungla x RUD 79
all the three analysis. The magnitude of and TPU 4 x BGU 54 as well as 99-U-27
significant negative SCA effects varied x RUD 79) to 0.43 (T9 x RUD 59) in E
2
from -0.94 (T9 x RBU 28) to -4.38 (TPU
and 0.13 (Dungla x BGU 54) to 0.39
4 x RUD 59) in E , -0.96 (Dungla x RBU
1 (Dungla x RUD 59) in pooled analysis.
38) to -3.65 (T9 x BGU 54) in E2 and - Mean squares due to interactions GCA x
0.68 (T9 x BGU 102) to -3.92 (T9 x BGU environment and SCA x environment
54) in pooled analysis. were significant for most of the
Nitrate reductase activity : Pooled characters except number of nodules per
analysis of GCA effects revealed that out plant, nitrate reductase activity. whereas
of 10 parents evaluated, six parents leghaemoglobin in GCA x environmental
exhibited significant positive GCA and SCA x environmental interaction
effects. The highest magnitude of indicated that both GCA and SCA were
positive GCA effects was depicted by significantly influenced by the
RBU 38 (15.28) followed by RBU 28 environment. The parental lines RBU 38,
(10.56), RUD 59 (7.95) and T9 (7.59). RUD 59 and RBU 28 were good general
The significant positive SCA effects in combiner for most of the characters in
pooled analysis were recorded for 12 E1, E2 and over the environments,
crosses. Higher magnitude of SCA whereas, RUD 79 on pooled basis for
effects were exhibited by the T9 x BGU most of the characters, T9 for number of
54 (16.29) exhibited by statistically at par nodules per plant, leghaemoglobin
with T9 x 99-U-27 (15.88), RBU 28 x content exhibited good general
RUD 59 (15.78), RBU 28 x RBU 38 combining ability. The above-mentioned
(15.43), RBU 38 x RUD 79 (14.58) and parents with high GCA could be used in
Dungla x TPU 4 (14.46) followed by hybridization programme for the
Dungla x RBU 38 (13.26 and T9 x RUD
improvement of respective traits as the
59 (10.86). GCA effects attributed to additive,
Leghaemoglobin content : Pooled
additive x additive gene activity.
analysis revealed that among 10 parents Estimates of specific combining ability
studied, 4 parents exhibited significant effects provide information on the role of
positive GCA effects for leghaemoglobin dominance and its interaction for the
content. The highest magnitude of expression of heterosis. The cross
significant positive GCA effects was 0.32 combinations having specific combining
(RBU 38), followed by 0.26 (RBU 28), ability effects will be useful, if the
0.12 (T9) and 0.07 (RUD 59). parents involved are also good general
Estimates of significant positive SCA combiner specially in the self pollinated
effects for leghaemoglobin content were crops (Sprague & Tatum, 1942 and
expressed in 8 crosses in E1, 13 crosses Hayman, 1957).
in E2 and 15 crosses in pooled analysis. Significant SCA effect for nitrogen
Six crosses viz. Dungla x RUD 79, content of plant, among hybrids RBU 28
Dungla x RUD 59, T9 x BGU 54, RBU x RBU 38 and 99-U-27 x RUD 59 in both
38 x RUD 79, 99-U-27 x RUD 59 and the environments as well as on pooled
BGU 102 x BGU 54 exhibited positive basis possessed higher SCA effects.
significant SCA effects in all the three Parents of these hybrids also performed
analysis. The values of significant good general combining ability. Positive
positive SCA effects ranged from 0.22 significant SCA effects for seed yield per
(BGU 102 x BGU 54) to 0.38 (Dungla x plant were exhibited by 20 in E1, 21 in
10