Food Safety Risks from Wildlife: Challenges in Agriculture, Conservation, and Public Health

263 Pages·2016·5.79 MB·English

by  Michele Jay-Russell

Food Microbiology and Food Safety
Michele Jay-Russell
Michael P. Doyle Editors
Food Safety
Risks from
Wildlife
Challenges in Agriculture, Conservation,
and Public Health
Food Microbiology and Food Safety
Series Editor:
Michael P. Doyle
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7131
Food Microbiology and Food Safety Series
The Food Microbiology and Food Safety series is published in conjunction with
the International Association for Food Protection, a non-profit association for food
safety professionals. Dedicated to the life-long educational needs of its Members,
IAFP provides an information network through its two scientific journals (Food
Protection Trends and Journal of Food Protection), its educational Annual Meeting,
international meetings and symposia, and interaction between food safety
professionals.
Series Editor
Michael P. Doyle, Regents Professor and Director of the Center for Food Safety,
University of Georgia, Griffith, GA, USA
Editorial Board
Francis F. Busta, Director, National Center for Food Protection and Defense,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Patricia Desmarchelier, Food Safety Consultant, Brisbane, Australia
Jeffrey Farber, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Ottawa, ON, Canada
David Golden, Professor of Microbiology, Department of Food Science
and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
Vijay Juneja, Supervisory Lead Scientist, USDA-ARS, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Michele Jay-Russell • Michael P. Doyle
Editors
Food Safety Risks
from Wildlife
Challenges in Agriculture, Conservation,
and Public Health
Editors
Michele Jay-Russell Michael P. Doyle
Western Center for Food Safety Center of Food Safety
University of California, Davis University of Georgia
Davis, CA, USA Griffin, GA, USA
Food Microbiology and Food Safety
ISBN 978-3-319-24440-2 ISBN 978-3-319-24442-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-24442-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015956771
Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
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The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
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Printed on acid-free paper
Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media
(www.springer.com)
To Dr. William E. Keene (1956–2013),
Senior Epidemiologist, Oregon Public
Health Division.

Preface
The purpose of this book is to share information and insights into emerging topics
related to wildlife and food safety. While other texts have delved extensively into
wildlife conservation, agriculture, and resource management, this book uniquely
brings these subject areas together in a food safety context.
The first half of the book addresses the prevalence, epidemiology, and ecology of
foodborne pathogens in wildlife hosts. Beginning with a review of the major bacte-
rial, parasitic, and viral pathogens associated with wildlife, the following chapters
cover a wide range of international wildlife and food safety topics. The chapters not
only bring together the available science in this relatively new area of research but
also highlight the societal and economic implications where public health, food
production, and wildlife conservation priorities sometimes conflict.
In the second half of the book, strategies to mitigate microbial food safety risks
from wildlife hosts are presented. Novel approaches in risk communication, co-
management, and One Health are highlighted broadly by the authors through the
description of real-world experiences. There is an emphasis on produce food safety
because of the many recent foodborne disease outbreaks linked to contaminated
fruit and vegetable crops, and the promulgation of new on-farm regulations by the
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA)
Produce Safety Rule. Wildlife intrusions are one of the potential sources of micro-
bial contamination addressed in the proposed FSMA rule.
Because of the unique role of wildlife in human societies, the book covers topics
not usually addressed in scholarly discussions on food safety (e.g., human-wildlife
conflict, wildlife-livestock interactions, habitat loss, illegal wildlife trade, endan-
gered and invasive species). Balancing food safety, agriculture, and conservation
goals are underlying themes throughout the book. Historically, wild animals have
been used by humans for food, clothing, recreation, entertainment, and other utili-
tarian purposes. But, increasingly attitudes about wildlife are shifting toward more
ecologistic, humanistic, and moralistic feelings and beliefs (as defined by Kellert
and Westervelt (1983)). These influences are addressed throughout the book, with
many examples provided by the authors.
vii
viii Preface
Our goal for this book is to advance the understanding of wildlife and food safety
and assist in the development of the best science and policy to protect the public
health, support a robust agriculture industry, and promote environmental steward-
ship in a world shared by humans and wildlife.
We thank our esteemed authors for sharing their expertise, time, and passion to
create this book. It was an honor to work with such a distinguished group who pro-
vided a variety of timely and well-informed perspectives. We are also grateful to
Susan Safren for recognizing the importance of this topic and inviting us to publish
this book, and to Michael Koy for his conscientious assistance with production. We
have dedicated this book to the memory of Dr. William Keene, an incredible epide-
miologist who had a passion for solving food-associated outbreaks in the interest of
preventing future outbreaks. He never shied away from a public health challenge (or
fecal sample).
Davis, CA, USA Michele Jay-Russell
Griffin, GA, USA Michael P. Doyle
Reference
Kellert SR, Westervelt MO (1983) Historical trends in American animal use and perception. Int J
Study Anim Probl 4:133–146
Contents
1 Overview: Foodborne Pathogens in Wildlife Populations ................... 1
Marilyn C. Erickson
2 Emerging Viral Zoonoses from Wildlife Associated
with Animal-Based Food Systems: Risks and Opportunities ............. 31
Kris A. Murray, Toph Allen, Elizabeth Loh, Catherine Machalaba,
and Peter Daszak
3 A European Perspective on the Transmission of Foodborne
Pathogens at the Wildlife–Livestock–Human Interface ...................... 59
Nora Navarro-Gonzalez, María Ugarte-Ruiz, Lucas Domínguez,
and Francisco Ruiz-Fons
4 Microbiological Hazards of Wild Birds
and Free-Range Chickens ...................................................................... 89
Susan Sanchez, Monique França, and Nicole M. Nemeth
5 Molecular Tools for Monitoring and Source- Tracking
Salmonella in Wildlife and the Environment ........................................ 131
Anita Wright, Amber Ginn, and Zhiyao Luo
6 Reducing the Risk of Foodborne Transmission of Nipah Virus ......... 151
Stephen P. Luby, Nazmun Nahar, and Emily S. Gurley
7 A Survey of How Growers, Shippers, and Handlers
Address Food Safety Risks from Wildlife in Leafy Greens ................. 169
Henry Giclas and Diane Wetherington
8 Keeping Wildlife Out of Your Food: Mitigation
and Control Strategies to Reduce the Transmission Risk
of Food-Borne Pathogens ....................................................................... 183
Alan B. Franklin and Kurt C. VerCauteren
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