Fluency in Native and Nonnative English Speech

263 Pages·2013·1.08 MB·English

by  Sandra Götz

Fluency in Native and Nonnative English Speech
Studies in Corpus Linguistics (SCL)
SCL focuses on the use of corpora throughout language study, the development
of a quantitative approach to linguistics, the design and use of new tools for
processing language texts, and the theoretical implications of a data-rich
discipline.
For an overview of all books published in this series, please see
http/benjamins.com/catalog/scl
General Editor Consulting Editor
Elena Tognini-Bonelli Wolfgang Teubert
The Tuscan Word Centre/ University of Birmingham
The University of Siena
Advisory Board
Michael Barlow Graeme Kennedy
University of Auckland Victoria University of Wellington
Douglas Biber Geoffrey N. Leech
Northern Arizona University University of Lancaster
Marina Bondi Michaela Mahlberg
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia University of Nottingham
Christopher S. Butler Anna Mauranen
University of Wales, Swansea University of Helsinki
Sylviane Granger Ute Römer
University of Louvain University of Michigan
M.A.K. Halliday Jan Svartvik
University of Sydney University of Lund
Yang Huizhong John M. Swales
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai University of Michigan
Susan Hunston Martin Warren
University of Birmingham The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Volume 53
Fluency in Native and Nonnative English Speech
by Sandra Götz
Fluency in Native
and Nonnative English Speech
Sandra Götz
Justus Liebig University, Giessen
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam / Philadelphia
TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
8
the American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence
of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984.
Cover design: Françoise Berserik
Cover illustration from original painting Random Order
by Lorenzo Pezzatini, Florence, 1996.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Götz, Sandra.
Fluency in Native And Nonnative English Speech / Sandra Götz.
p. cm. (Studies in Corpus Linguistics, issn 1388-0373 ; v. 53)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Fluency (Language learning) 2. Native language and education. 3. English language--
Study and teaching--Foreign speakers.
P53.4115.F58 2013
428.0071--dc23 2012045833
isbn 978 90 272 0358 8 (Hb ; alk. paper)
isbn 978 90 272 7233 1 (Eb)
© 2013 – John Benjamins B.V.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any
other means, without written permission from the publisher.
John Benjamins Publishing Co. · P.O. Box 36224 · 1020 me Amsterdam · The Netherlands
John Benjamins North America · P.O. Box 27519 · Philadelphia pa 19118-0519 · usa
to my mother

Table of contents
Acknowledgements xiii
List of tables xv
List of figures xvii
List of Abbreviations and acronyms xxi
chapter 1
Fluency in English speech: Setting the scene 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Fluency in native and nonnative speech 3
1.3 Learning English in Germany 4
1.4 Investigating fluency: Fluencemes and target norms 5
1.5 A theoretical approach to fluency in speech 8
1.6 Fluency in native and nonnative English speech: Preview 1 0
chapter 2
Productive fluency 1 3
2.1 Temporal variables 1 4
2.1.1 Speech rate 1 4
2.1.1.1 Speech rate in native speech 1 4
2.1.1.2 Speech rate in nonnative speech 1 6
2.1.2 Mean length of runs (MLR) 1 7
2.1.2.1 MLR in native English speech 1 7
2.1.2.2 MLR in nonnative English speech 1 8
2.1.3 Unfilled pauses 1 8
2.1.3.1 Unfilled pauses in native speech 1 8
2.1.3.2 Unfilled pauses in nonnative speech 2 0
2.1.4 The phonation/time ratio 2 1
2.1.4.1 The phonation/time ratio in native speech 2 1
2.1.4.2 The phonation/time ratio in nonnative speech 2 1
2.1.5 Summary 2 2
 Fluency in Native and Nonnative English speech
2.2 Formulaic sequences 2 2
2.2.1 Characteristics of formulaic sequences 2 3
2.2.2 Formulaic sequences and fluency 2 7
2.2.3 Analyzing formulaic sequences 2 8
2.2.4 Formulaic sequences in nonnative speech 2 9
2.2.5 Summary 3 2
2.3 Performance phenomena 3 2
2.3.1 Performance phenomena in native speech 3 2
2.3.2 Performance phenomena in nonnative speech 3 3
2.3.3 Speech management strategies 3 5
2.3.3.1 Repeats 3 5
2.3.3.2 Filled pauses 3 6
2.3.3.3 Self-corrections 3 7
2.3.4 Discourse markers and smallwords 3 8
2.3.4.1 Discourse markers and smallwords in native speech 3 8
2.3.4.2 Discourse markers and smallwords in nonnative speech 4 0
2.3.5 Confluence 4 1
2.3.6 Towards fluency enhancement strategies 4 1
2.4 Summary 4 2
chapter 3
Perceptive fluency 4 5
3.1 Perceptive fluency in native and nonnative speech 4 5
3.2 Accuracy 4 6
3.2.1 Accuracy in native speech 4 6
3.2.2 Accuracy in nonnative speech 4 7
3.3 Idiomaticity 4 9
3.3.1 Idiomaticity in native speech 4 9
3.3.2 Idiomaticity in nonnative speech 5 0
3.4 Intonation 5 1
3.4.1 Intonation in native speech 5 1
3.4.2 Intonation in nonnative speech 53
3.5 Accent 5 6
3.5.1 Accent in native speech 5 6
3.5.2 Accent in nonnative speech 56
3.6 Pragmatic features 6 0
3.6.1 Pragmatic features in native speech 6 0
3.6.2 Pragmatic features in nonnative speech 6 1
Table of contents 
3.7 Lexical diversity 6 4
3.7.1 Lexical diversity in native speech 6 4
3.7.2 Lexical diversity in nonnative speech 6 5
3.8 Sentence structure 6 6
3.8.1 Sentence structure in native speech 6 6
3.8.2 Sentence structure in nonnative speech 66
3.9 Summary 6 8
chapter 4
Nonverbal fluency 6 9
4.1 Nonverbal fluency in native speech 6 9
4.2 Nonverbal fluency in nonnative speech 7 2
4.3 Summary 7 4
chapter 5
Corpus data and methodology 7 5
5.1 A corpus-based description of fluency in native
and nonnative English speech 7 5
5.2 Learner corpus research, fluency and SLA 7 6
5.3 Corpora and tools 7 7
5.4 Methodology 8 0
5.4.1 Pilot study 8 0
5.4.1.1 Temporal variables 8 3
5.4.1.2 Performance phenomena 8 4
5.4.1.3 Accuracy & accent 8 5
5.4.1.4 Idiomaticity 8 6
5.4.1.5 Other variables 8 6
5.4.1.6 Summary and implications 8 6
5.5 A holistic approach to fluency 8 7
5.5.1 Productive fluency: Quantitative and statistical data analysis 8 8
5.5.2 Perceptive fluency: Native-speaker perception of five
selected learners 9 0
5.6 Summary 9 2
chapter 6
Data analysis of productive fluency in LINDSEI-GE vs. LOCNEC 9 3
6.1 Productive Fluency: Learner data vs. native-speaker data 9 3
6.1.1 Speech rate 9 3
6.1.2 Mean length of runs 9 5