Florence Nightingale on Society and Politics, Philosophy, Science, Education and Literature: Collected Works of Florence Nightingale, Volume 5 (v. 5)

894 Pages·2003·3.66 MB·English

by  Lynn McDonald

Florence Nightingale on
Society and Politics,
Philosophy, Science, Education
and Literature
Volume 5
of the Collected Works of
Florence Nightingale
The Collected Works of
Florence Nightingale
List of Volumes
Note: Shorttitle denoted by bold
Volume 1 Florence Nightingale: An Introduction to Her Life and
Family
Volume 2 Florence Nightingale’s Spiritual Journey: Biblical Annota-
tions, Sermons and Journal Notes
Volume 3 Florence Nightingale’s Theology: Essays, Letters and Jour-
nal Notes
Volume 4 Florence Nightingale on Mysticism and Eastern Religions,
ed. GérardVallée
Volume 5 Florence Nightingale on Society and Politics, Philosophy,
Science, Education and Literature
Volume 6 Florence Nightingale onPublic Health Care
Volume 7 Florence Nightingale’sEuropean Travels
Volume 8 Florence Nightingale’sSuggestions for Thought
Volume 9 Florence Nightingale on Women, Medicine, Midwifery and
Prostitution
Volumes 10-11 Florence Nightingale and the Foundation of Professional
Nursing
Volumes 12-13 Florence Nightingale and Public Health CareinIndia
Volume 14 Florence Nightingale: The Crimean War and War Office
Refor m
Volume 15 Florence Nightingale onWarand Militarism
Volume 16 Florence Nightingale andHospital Reform
Florence Nightingale on
Society and Politics,
Philosophy, Science, Education
and Literature
Lynn McDonald, editor
Volume 5
of the Collected Works of
Florence Nightingale
w
Wilfrid Laurier University Press
We acknowledge the financial supportofthe Government of Canada through the
Book Publishing IndustryDevelopment Program for our publishing activities.
National LibraryofCanada Cataloguing in Publication Data
Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910.
Florence Nightingale on society and politics, philosophy,science, educa-
tion and literature/Lynn McDonald, editor.
(Collected works of Florence Nightingale ; v.5)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-88920-429-2
1. Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910 — Political and social views. 2. Great
Britain — Social policy. 3. Great Britain — Politics and government —
1837-1901. I. McDonald, Lynn, 1940- II. Title. III. Series: Nightingale,
Florence, 1820-1910. Collected works of Florence Nightingale; v.5.
RT37.N5A2 2003 v.5 361.92 C2002-906079-6
©2003 Wilfrid Laurier University Press
Cover design by Leslie Macredie. Front cover photograph: Portrait of Flo-
rence Nightingale, by her sister, Par thenope Nightingale, or cousin, Hilary
Bonham Carter, cour tesy Claydon House Trust. Back cover photograph of
British Houses of Parliament: © Yetsuh Frank / GreatBuildings.com. Photo-
graph of Lynn McDonald from Canadian Press.
∞
Printed in Canada
Ever y reasonable effor t has been made to acquire per mission for copyright
material used in this text, and to acknowledge all such indebtedness accu-
rately.Any errors and omissions called to the publisher’sattention will be cor-
rected in futureprintings.
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Wilfrid Laurier University Press
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E-mail: [email protected]
Web: http://www.wlupress.wlu.ca
Collected Works of Florence NightingaleWebsite:
http://www.sociology.uoguelph.ca/fnightingale
Contents
Acknowledgments ............................................................................. ix
Dramatis Personae ............................................................................ xi
List of Illustrations ............................................................................ xii
Florence Nightingale: A Précis of theCollected Works .................... xiii
Introduction to Volume 5 ................................................................. 1
Key to Editing .................................................................................... 5
Society: Essays, Letters and Notes on Social Physics
and Social Statistics
Nightingale’sQuetelet...................................................................... 11
Mar ginalAnnotations toPhysique sociale ............................................ 18
Essay ‘‘In Memoriam’’ ..................................................................... 36
Notes and Letters to Jowett on Quetelet and Probability ................... 68
Hospital Statistics ............................................................................ 74
Analysis of the 1841 Census ............................................................. 92
Proposals for the 1861 Census.......................................................... 95
As Householder in the 1871 Census ................................................. 103
Proposal for a Chair in Social Physics ............................................... 105
Social Policy,Pover ty,Poor Law and Charity .................................. 129
‘‘ANote on Pauperism’’................................................................... 129
‘‘Who Is the Savage?’’ ...................................................................... 159
Relief of Distress .............................................................................. 163
Income Security and Housing for Workers ....................................... 166
Social-Class Issues ............................................................................ 186
Co-operatives versus Trade Unions ................................................... 194
‘‘Jack O’Darmstadt’’ ........................................................................ 198
Assisted Emigration ......................................................................... 201
Cof feeHouses, Workingmen’sInstitutes and Temperance ................ 205
Fred Ver ney’sClubs for Workingmen ............................................... 210
Crime, Crime-ology,Juvenile Offenders and Prisons ......................... 223
Gender and the Family .................................................................... 231
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vi / Florence Nightingale on Society and Politics
Gordon Boys’ Home ........................................................................ 242
Private Charities and Fundraising .................................................... 256
Politics: Essays, Notes and Letters
Gover nment,Public Policy and Elections ....................................... 279
‘‘Politics and Public Administration’’ ............................................... 279
Social Progress ................................................................................ 290
‘‘Go Down into Hell Bravely’’........................................................... 297
Notes on the Decline of Public Administration ................................. 300
British Imperialism/Foreign Policy .................................................. 316
Elections and Party Politics .............................................................. 329
Elections 1830s-1850s ...................................................................... 330
Elections 1860s ................................................................................ 336
Elections 1870s ................................................................................ 342
1880 Election .................................................................................. 344
Elections 1885 and Later ................................................................. 347
Endorsing Candidates ..................................................................... 360
Political Notables: Letters and Notes............................................... 369
John StuartMill ............................................................................... 369
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert .................................................... 410
William EwartGladstone ................................................................. 427
RichardMonckton Milnes, LordHoughton ..................................... 477
General Charles Gordon.................................................................. 490
Liberal and Progressive Politicians ................................................... 512
Viceroys, Governors General of India ............................................... 522
Conser vativePoliticians ................................................................... 528
Other Political Notables .................................................................. 535
Other Royal Persons ........................................................................ 540
Philosophy,Science, Education and Literature
Philosophy ......................................................................................... 551
Jowett’sDialogues of Plato .................................................................. 551
Other Philosophers, Greek to Modern ............................................. 624
Natural Science ................................................................................. 645
Scientific Method and Discovery ...................................................... 648
Evolution and Heredity ................................................................... 652
Education .......................................................................................... 663
Visit to OxfordUniversity ................................................................ 667
Teaching and Lesson Plans .............................................................. 671
Appointment of a Mistress at Girton College .................................... 683
Lea School ...................................................................................... 690
Literature........................................................................................... 725
Classical Greek, Roman and Renaissance Authors ............................ 731
Contents / vii
Poets and Playwrights ...................................................................... 739
British Novelists and Essayists ........................................................... 763
American Authors ........................................................................... 785
Historians ....................................................................................... 792
Biography of Ellen M. ...................................................................... 800
ALiterar yParlour Game ................................................................. 806
Non-human Species, Love of Nature, Birds .................................... 809
Appendixes
Appendix A: Biographical Sketches ................................................ 827
L.A.J. Quetelet (1796-1874) ............................................................. 827
(Sir) Edwin Chadwick (1800-90) ...................................................... 828
John StuartMill (1806-73) ............................................................... 829
William Farr(1807-91) .................................................................... 831
Adeline Paulina Irby (1838-1911) ..................................................... 832
Appendix B: Chronology.................................................................. 834
Bibliography ...................................................................................... 839
Index.................................................................................................. 849
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Acknowledgments
A
cknowledgments are due first to the Henry Bonham Carter
Will Trust for permission to publish Nightingale original
manuscripts, and indeed for treating Nightingale material gen-
erally as being in the public domain. To the owners of Nightingale
manuscripts thanks aredue for their important role in conservation, for
per mitting scholarly access and for permitting copies to be made for
this Collected Works. Thanks to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II for per-
mission to use material from the Royal Archives. All sources actually
used in this volume, from a total of over 150 archives and private collec-
tions world wide, areindicated at the apropriate place. Tothe University
of Guelph thanks for the provision of an extra faculty office to house
the project, computers, technical, research and administrative support.
Tr a n s c r i p t i o n s were done by: Gwyneth Watkins, Kelly Thomas,
Lea Uotila, Victoria Rea, Tara Beaton, Daniel Phelan and Pamela
Te i t e l b a u m . Vo l u n t e e r verifiers of texts were: Gwyneth Watkins, Joan
Enns, Barbara Brooks, Linda Elliot, Cherry Ambrose and Lois
Thompson; volunteers assisting me with proofreading: Cherry
Ambrose, Aideen Nicholson and Sandra Hunter.DrMar garet Griffin
as project manager oversaw transcriptions and research. Thanks to
Dr GérardVallée and Dr Quirino DiGiulio for assistance with transla-
tions, and to Dr Vallée (again) and to Lesley Mann for literary iden-
tifications and assistance on visuals. Thanks to Rev Canon Alex
Whitehead for research at the University of York on Frederick Ver-
ney and to Jennifer Bobrowski for checking on sources.
At the Press thanks are due to Dr Brian Henderson, director;
Sandra Woolfrey, for mer director; Carroll Klein, managing editor;
Doreen Armbr uster, typesetter; Leslie Macredie and Penelope Grows,
marketing; Steve Izma, production; and Elin Edwards, peer review.
The copy editing was done by Frances Rooney. Acknowledgments for
photographs and other illustrations aregiven in the illustrations section.
/ ix