Flexible Substrate Antennas

125 Pages·2012·4.64 MB·English

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Flexible Substrate Antennas
Guest Editors: Carles Fernández-Prades,
Hendrik Rogier, Ana Collado, and Manos M. Tentzeris
Flexible Substrate Antennas
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Flexible Substrate Antennas
Guest Editors: Carles Ferna´ndez-Prades, Hendrik Rogier,
Ana Collado, and Manos M. Tentzeris
Copyright©2012HindawiPublishingCorporation.Allrightsreserved.
Thisisaspecialissuepublishedin“InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation.”Allarticlesareopenaccessarticlesdistributed
undertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,pro-
videdtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
Editorial Board
M.Ali,USA MandeepJitSingh,Malaysia MatteoPastorino,Italy
CharlesBunting,USA NemaiKarmakar,Australia SadasivaM.Rao,USA
FelipeCa´tedra,Spain Se-YunKim,RepublicofKorea SembiamR.Rengarajan,USA
Dau-ChyrhChang,Taiwan AhmedA.Kishk,Canada AhmadSafaai-Jazi,USA
DebChatterjee,USA TribikramKundu,USA SafieddinSafaviNaeini,Canada
Z.N.Chen,Singapore ByungjeLee,RepublicofKorea MagdalenaSalazar-Palma,Spain
MichaelYanWahChia,Singapore Ju-HongLee,Taiwan StefanoSelleri,Italy
ChristosChristodoulou,USA L.Li,Singapore KrishnasamyT.Selvan,India
Shyh-JongChung,Taiwan YilongLu,Singapore ZhongxiangQ.Shen,Singapore
LorenzoCrocco,Italy AtsushiMase,Japan JohnJ.Shynk,USA
TayebA.Denidni,Canada AndreaMassa,Italy Seong-YoupSuh,USA
AntonijeR.Djordjevic,Serbia GiuseppeMazzarella,Italy ParveenWahid,USA
KaruP.Esselle,Australia DerekMcNamara,Canada YuanxunEthanWang,USA
FranciscoFalcone,Spain C.F.Mecklenbra¨uker,Austria DanielS.Weile,USA
MiguelFerrando,Spain MicheleMidrio,Italy QuanXue,HongKong
VincenzoGaldi,Italy MarkMirotznik,USA TatSoonYeo,Singapore
WeiHong,China AnandaS.Mohan,Australia JongWonYu,RepublicofKorea
HonTatHui,Singapore P.Mohanan,India WenhuaYu,USA
TamerS.Ibrahim,USA PavelNikitin,USA AnpingZhao,China
Shyh-KangJeng,Taiwan A.D.Panagopoulos,Greece LeiZhu,Singapore
Contents
FlexibleSubstrateAntennas,CarlesFerna´ndez-Prades,HendrikRogier,AnaCollado,
andManosM.Tentzeris
Volume2012,ArticleID746360,2pages
NovelFlexibleArtificialMagneticConductor,M.E.deCosandF.Las-Heras
Volume2012,ArticleID353821,7pages
FlexibleSierpinskiCarpetFractalAntennaonaHilbertSlotPatternedGround,VasaRadonic´,
KeithPalmer,GoranStojanovic´,andVesnaCrnojevic´-Bengin
Volume2012,ArticleID980916,7pages
PerformanceofHigh-PermittivityCeramic-PolymerCompositeasaSubstrateforUHFRFIDTag
Antennas,A.A.Babar,V.A.Bhagavati,L.Ukkonen,A.Z.Elsherbeni,P.Kallio,andL.Syda¨nheimo
Volume2012,ArticleID905409,8pages
EfficiencyofaCompactEllipticalPlanarUltra-WidebandAntennaBasedonConductivePolymers,
ThomasKaufmann,AkhileshVerma,Van-TanTruong,BoWeng,RoderickShepherd,
andChristopheFumeaux
Volume2012,ArticleID972696,11pages
DevelopmentofFull-ScaleUltrathinShellReflector,Durmus¸,Tu¨rkmen,O¨merSoykasap,
andS¸u¨kru¨ Karakaya
Volume2012,ArticleID829780,9pages
High-GainTextileAntennaArraySystemforOff-BodyCommunication,MariaLuciaScarpello,
LuigiVallozzi,HendrikRogier,andDriesVandeGinste
Volume2012,ArticleID573438,12pages
TextileUWBAntennaBendingandWetPerformances,MaiA.R.Osman,M.K.A.Rahim,N.A.Samsuri,
M.K.Elbasheer,andM.E.Ali
Volume2012,ArticleID251682,12pages
NewFlexibleMedicalCompactAntenna:DesignandAnalysis,YannMahe,AnneChousseaud,
MarcBrunet,andBrunoFroppier
Volume2012,ArticleID837230,6pages
InvestigationofFlexibleTextileAntennasandAMCReflectors,M.Mantash,A.-C.Tarot,S.Collardey,
andK.Mahdjoubi
Volume2012,ArticleID236505,10pages
CylindricalBendingofDeformableTextileRectangularPatchAntennas,FreekBoeykens,LuigiVallozzi,
andHendrikRogier
Volume2012,ArticleID170420,11pages
FlexibleHilbert-CurveLoopAntennaHavingaTriple-BandandOmnidirectionalPatternfor
WLAN/WiMAXApplications,Dang-OhKim,Che-YoungKim,andDae-GeunYang
Volume2012,ArticleID687256,9pages
InkjetPrintedPlanarCoilAntennaAnalysisforNFCTechnologyApplications,I.Ortego,N.Sanchez,
J.Garcia,F.Casado,D.Valderas,andJ.I.Sancho
Volume2012,ArticleID486565,6pages
Low-InterferenceDualResonantAntennaConfigurationsforMultistandardMultifunctionHandsets
andPortableComputers,MohamedSanadandNohaHassan
Volume2012,ArticleID407973,8pages
HindawiPublishingCorporation
InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation
Volume2012,ArticleID746360,2pages
doi:10.1155/2012/746360
Editorial
Flexible Substrate Antennas
CarlesFerna´ndez-Prades,1HendrikRogier,2AnaCollado,1andManosM.Tentzeris3
1CentreTecnolo`gicdeTelecomunicacionsdeCatalunya,CommunicationsSubsystemsArea,08860Castelldefels,Spain
2DepartmentofInformationTechnology,GhentUniversity,9000Ghent,Belgium
3SchoolofElectricalandComputerEngineering,GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,Atlanta,GA30332,USA
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoCarlesFerna´ndez-Prades,[email protected]
Received27June2012;Accepted27June2012
Copyright©2012Carles Ferna´ndez-Prades et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
AttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkis
properlycited.
Flexible electronics can currently be considered a well- and new approaches in FSAs, collecting 13 peer-reviewed
established technology that has reached a certain degree of articles(withanacceptanceratioof52%)reportingoriginal
maturity in meeting the requirements of tightly assembled research coming from 46 authors of 19 institutions of 14
electronicpackages,providingreliableelectricalconnections countries.
wheretheassemblyisrequiredtoflexduringitsnormaluse Authors of this special issue used a variety of materials
or where board thickness, weight, or space constraints are suchassilvernanoparticleinkprintedonKaptonpolyimide
drivingfactors. film, ceramic-polymer and carbon-epoxy composites, con-
In this context, flexible substrate antennas (FSAs) play ductive polymers such as PEDOT or PPy, metamaterial-
a key role in the integration and packaging of wire- basedartificialmagneticconductorstructures,oracopper-
less communication devices and sensor networks. Those plated nylon fabric that acts as a conductive electrotextile
antennas, which are designed such that the resonant peak material. They addressed a number of technologies located
frequency remains unaffected after bending, stretching, or in different frequency bands, including near field commu-
twisting, are currently being embedded into materials such nications(13,56MHz),UHFRFIDtagantennas(860MHz),
as textile fabrics, bandages, stickers, and bendable displays. globalnavigationsatellitesystems(L2bandat1.227GHzand
FSAs are rapidly emerging as a popular choice for radio L1 band at 1.575GHz), L-band DVB-H (1452–1492MHz),
frequency identification (RFID) tags, multisystem wireless GSM1800 (1710–1880MHz), PCS1900 (1859–1990MHz),
communication gadgets, wearable computer systems, and UMTS(1900–2170MHz),wirelesslocalareanetworkssuch
smart clothing and spurring new applications in wireless as WiFi and WiMAX (2.4-, 3.6-, and 5-GHz), Bluetooth
sensingsuchasmonitoringofcivilconstruction,healthcare (2.4GHz), ultra-wideband (3.1 to 10.6GHz), and even
supervision,ortheintegrationinsearchandrescuesatellite scientific applications at the Ku-band (12–18GHz). This
systems. diversityreflectsthelivelymomentumthatresearchofFSAs
Theintroductionofnewdesignconcepts,newmaterials isexperiencing,ascorroboratedbythenumberofscientific
and new fabrication processes is adding momentum and publicationsonthetopicshowninFigure1.
interesttothedevelopmentofflexibleantennasforconsumer
electronics. Researchers are continuingly relying on flexible
antenna technology to solve the problems of efficiency, Acknowledgments
reliability, cost, weight, shape, and reproducibility. There is
also the need of using environmentally friendly and low- We would like to thank many people whose efforts made
cost materials and production processes, in order to allow this special issue possible. We thank the authors for their
for the easy disposal of a massive number of those devices. response to our initial call for papers, and we would
This special issue aims at reflecting current research trends like to acknowledge the significant contributions of the
2 InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation
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Figure 1: Number of papers that matches the search “flexible
antennas”attheThomsonReuters’WebofScience,usingdatafrom
theScienceCitationIndexExpanded(SCI-EXPANDED)andCon-
ferenceProceedingsCitationIndex-Science(CPCI-S)databases.
reviewerswhoprovidedfeedbackonmultipleversionsofthe
papers.
CarlesFerna´ndez-Prades
HendrikRogier
AnaCollado
ManosM.Tentzeris
HindawiPublishingCorporation
InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation
Volume2012,ArticleID353821,7pages
doi:10.1155/2012/353821
Research Article
Novel Flexible Artificial Magnetic Conductor
M.E.deCosandF.Las-Heras
Area de Teor´ıa de la Sen˜al y Comunicaciones, Departamento de Ingenier´ıa El´ectrica, Universidad de Oviedo, Edificio Polivalente,
Modulo8,CampusUniversitariodeGijo´n,Asturias,33203Gijo´n,Spain
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoM.E.deCos,[email protected]
Received15February2012;Revised29April2012;Accepted30April2012
AcademicEditor:CarlesFerna´ndez-Prades
Copyright©2012M.E.deCosandF.Las-Heras. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
AttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkis
properlycited.
AnovelflexibleuniplanarAMCdesignispresented.AnAMCprototypeismanufacturedusinglasermicromachininganditis
characterizedunderflatandbentconditionsbymeasuringitsreflectioncoefficientphaseinananechoicchamber.Thedesigned
prototypeshowsbroadAMCoperationbandwidth(6.96%andhigher)andpolarizationangleindependency.Itsangularstability
margin,whenoperatingunderobliqueincidence,isalsotestedobtaining±8◦aslimitfora14.4cm×14.4cmprototype.
1.Introduction developmentoflow-costAMCsthatcanbeeasilyintegrated
inmicrowaveandmillimeterwavecircuits.Thisrequiresthe
Metamaterials have attracted a lot of attention in the use of geometries without via holes [2, 4–9] (in contrast
recent years due to their unique properties in controlling to designs consisting in patches with via holes [1]) as
the propagation of electromagnetic waves, which makes well as the use of a unilayer periodic Frequency Selective
them able to solve some antennas and microwave circuits’ Surface (FSS) over a metallic ground plane (in contrast
problems. Between the metamaterial structures Artificial to multilayered FSSs [10]). In the unilayer case, the main
MagneticConductor(AMC)structures[1–10]areespecially drawback is the very narrow AMC operation bandwidth.
interesting in the design of highly efficient and low-profile By optimizing the unit cell geometry design and using
antennas [11–17], due to their inherent in-phase reflection a low relative dielectric permittivity substrate, which in
properties which in addition reduces the radiation to the addition reduces the cost, this can be overcome to some
body[18]inwearableapplications[19–23]. extent.
Perfect Magnetic Conductors (PMCs) do not exist in The interest in flexible AMCs is growing since it would
nature.AMCsaresynthesizedPMCsandaredualtoaPerfect be desirable to have AMC being object-shape-adapted for
ElectricConductor(PEC)fromanelectromagneticpointof manyapplicationsasRadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)
view.AMCsexhibitareflectioncoefficientwithamagnitude tags over metallic objects [24], wearable antennas [19–23],
value of 1 and a phase value of 0◦ in the ideal lossless andRCSreduction[25].ThiswouldrequiretheAMCtobe
case. It is considered [1–3] that AMCs behave as PMCs flexible(especiallyinthecaseofobjectswithcurvedsurfaces)
over a certain frequency band, the so-called bandwidth of butwithoutlosingitsfunctionality.
AMC performance or AMC operation bandwidth, which is In this paper, a novel compact uniplanar AMC design
generally defined in the range from +90◦ to −90◦, since without via holes is presented and manufactured using a
in this range, the phase values would not cause destructive bendable dielectric substrate, which adds the advantage of
interferencebetweendirectandreflectedwaves. flexibility to the resulting AMC structure, preserving its
AMCs are often implemented using two-dimensional remarkedfeatures.Inaddition,thenovelAMCexhibitsother
periodic metallic lattices patterned on a conductor-backed advantages as broad AMC operation bandwidth and high
dielectricsurface.Theresearcheffortsrecentlyfocusonthe angularstability.