Table Of ContentPROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
99(1), 1997, pp. 115-132
FIVE NEW SPECIES AND A NEW RECORD OF COSTA RICAN LEPTONEMA
GUERIN (TRICHOPTERA: HYDROPSYCHIDAE)
Fernando Munoz-Quesada
MN
Department of Entomology; University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 55108, U.S.A.
—
Abstract. Eighteen species of the genus Leptonema (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae:
Macronematinae) are reported from Costa Rica. In this paper, five additional undescribed
species ofLeptonema from Costa Rica are diagnosed, described and illustrated: L. clorito,
L.flintorum, L. huismanae, L. rafita, and L. tapanti. Their distribution records in Costa
Rica are mapped. Also, L. cheesmanae Mosely is illustrated and recorded from Costa
Rica for the first time.
—
Resumen. El genero Leptonema (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae: Macronematinae) pre-
senta dieciocho especies en Costa Rica. En el presente manuscrito se ofrecen las diagnosis,
descripciones e ilustraciones de cinco especies no descritas de Leptonema presentes en
Costa Rica: L. clorito, L. flintorum, L. huismanae, L. rafita, y L. tapanti. Se trazan en
el mapa los registros de distribucion en Costa Rica de estas especies. Ademas, se informa
y se trazan en el mapa los primeros registros de distribucion en Costa Rica de L. chees-
manae Mosely, la cual tambien es ilustrada.
Key Words: Leptonema, Trichoptera, caddisfly, new species, Costa Rica, Neotropics,
taxonomy
The genus Leptonema Guerin is one of Mosely (1933) recorded two additional spe-
the best known and most easily recognized cies from Costa Rica in his revision of the
of the Neotropical caddisflies. The adults genus. Flint, McAlpine, and Ross (1987)
are large (10-40 mm) with light brown to provided an exhaustive taxonomic review
light green translucent wings. Some species of the world species, and also considered
have black spots or small areas ofdark col- phylogenetic and biogeographic aspects.
oration on the forewings. In the New They described 48 new species, four of
World, the genus is widely distributed from them from Costa Rica, and recorded five
southern North America through Central additional species from the country. Hol-
and South America, including the islands of zenthal (1988) added six additional species
the Antilles (Flint et al. 1987). Species also records. In total, eighteen species of Lep-
occur in Africa and Madagascar. tonema have been recorded in Costa Rica,
The genus was established by Guerin (Table 1).
(1843) for the Brazilian species Leptonema In addition to the described species, five
pallidum. In 1914, Banks reported Lepto- undescribed species of Leptonema were
nema albovirens (Walker) from Costa Rica, found in collections made in CWosta Rica
the first record of the genus for Costa Rica. from 1986 through 1992 by R. Holzen-
116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Table I. List of Leptonema species and species groups, defined by Flint et al. (1987), recorded in Costa
Rica, with distribution records as published by Flint et al. (1987) and Holzenthal (1988).
Species
Crassum Group
L. crassum Ulmer 1905 Mexico; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa
Rica: Alajuela, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon;
Panama; Colombia; Venezuela; Brazil; Peru;
Paraguay; Argentina.
L. divaricatum Flint, McAlpine, Ross 1987 Costa Rica: Limon; Colombia; Venezuela; Ecua-
dor.
Stigmosum Group
L. tapanti, new species Costa Rica: Cartago; Panama.
PUcatum Group
L. ekisi Flint, McAlpine, Ross 1987 Costa Rica: Alajuela, Cartago; Panama.
L.flintorum, new species Costa Rica: Puntarenas.
L.fortunum Flint, McAlpine, Ross 1987 Costa Rica; Panama.
L. hamuli Flint, McAlpine, Ross 1987 Costa Rica: Cartago; Panama.
L. huismanae. new species Costa Rica: Alajuela, Guanacaste.
L. rafita. new species Costa Rica: Alajuela, Cartago, San Jose.
L. salvini Mosely 1933 Costa Rica; Panama.
L. simiatum Mosely 1933 Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia.
L. turrialbum Flint, McAlpine, Ross 1987 Costa Rica: Alajuela, Cartago.
L. vitum Flint, McAlpine, Ross 1987 Costa Rica: Puntarenas.
L. woldianum Flint, McAlpine, Ross 1987 Costa Rica; Panama.
Simulans Group
L. asclepium Flint, McAlpine, Ross 1987 Costa Rica: Cartago, San Jose.
L. campanum Flint, McAlpine, Ross 1987 Costa Rica; Panama.
L. simulans simulans Flint, McAlpine, Ross 1987 Costa Rica: Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Punta-
renas, San Jose; Panama.
Pallidum Group
L. albovirens (Walker) 1852 USA: Texas; Mexico; Belice; Guatemala; Hondu-
ras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia;
Venezuela; Trinidad & Tobago; Granada; St.
Vincent.
Complexum Group
L. cheesmanae Mosely 1933, new record Costa Rica: Alajuela, Guanacaste, Limon, San Jose;
Panama; Colombia.
L. clorito, new species Costa Rica: Alajuela.
L. complexum Mosely 1933 Costa Rica: Alajuela, Cartago, Limon; Panama.
L. forftculum Mosely 1933 Costa Rica; Panama.
L.furciligerum Flint, McAlpine, Ross 1987 Costa Rica: Puntarenas.
L. intermedium Mosely 1933 Costa Rica: Alajuela, Cartago, Heredia, San Jose;
Panama; Colombia; Ecuador.
thai and his colleagues. In the present paper results of an ongoing project, sponsored by
these species are diagnosed, described, and the National Science Foundation and the
illustrated. Also, L. cheesmanae Mosely is University of Minnesota Insect Collection,
illustrated and recorded from Costa Ricafor to catalog and describe the caddisfly fauna
the first time. Terminology used for geni- of Costa Rica. Holotypes of the species de-
talic structures follows that presented by scribed are deposited in the collections of
Flint et al. (1987). This paper represents the the National Museum of Natural History,
—
)
VOLUME NUMBER
99, 1 117
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC "a" elongate, base narrow, apex bulbous;
(NMNH). Paratypes and other specimens wart "^-7" elongate, fingerlike; wart "^7-2"
examined, are deposited in the collections short; wart "c" absent; lateral lobes, as
of the University of Minnesota Insect Col- viewed dorsally, triangular, projecting pos-
lection, St. Paul, Minnesota (UMSP), the teriorly; as viewed laterally, lateral lobes
National Museum of Natural History, rounded, bearing short setae on lateral mar-
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC gin; ventral margin of segment X with
(NMNH), and the Institute Nacional de hooklike lobe. Inferior appendage two seg-
Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, mented, basal segment slightly more than 4
Costa Rica, (INBIO). All specimens are times length of apical segment, widest sub-
pinned unless otherwise noted. apically; apical segment with short setae on
inner margin. Phallus with midsection long,
Leptonema clorito Munoz-Q.,
tubular; apical section complex, bearing
new species
two, tiny, sharply pointed, sclerotized phal-
Map
—(Fig. 1, 1 lotremal sclerites behind process "«", vis-
Diagnosis. This species belongs within ible in dorsal view; process "a", as viewed
the complexum Group, as defined by Flint laterally, fingerlike, apex truncate, elevated
et al. (1987). It is very similartoLeptonema and arched over process "g" and phallotre-
cheesmanae Mosely, but can be distin- mal sclerites; as viewed dorsally, process
guished from that species by the shape of "a" tonguelike, apex truncate, lightly scler-
process "<i" of the phallic apparatus. In L. otized, arising dorsomesally; processes "Z?-
clorito, process 'W consists of only the 7" and "/7-2" short, sharply pointed, lightly
apical arm, which is elongate, slender, di- sclerotized, arising apically, and directed
rected dorsally at base, and curved apically, anterodorsally; process "c" long, slender,
as viewed laterally. In L. cheesmanae, pro- arising subapically, apex pointed, directed
cess "J" consists of both apical and basal anteriorly, and reaching base of process
arms. In lateral view, the apical arm is elon- "a"; basal stalk of process "J", as viewed
gate, curved, and directed posteriorly, the laterally, erect, directed dorsally; apical arm
basal arm is slender, long, and projected an- ofprocess "c^" curved apically, arising dor-
teriorly beyond of the apex of process "e" somesally; as viewed dorsally, basal arm of
and the base of process "/". Finally, in L. process "J" absent; apical arm bifurcated
clorito, the lateral lobes of segment X are basally, its projections pointed, projected
triangular, as viewed dorsally; these are posterolaterally; process "e-7", as viewed
subquadrate in L. cheesmanae. dorsally, spinelike, short, apex rounded,
Description. Male: Length of forewing arising dorsolaterally and projecting poster-
17 mm. Body sclerites pale yellow. Dorsum olaterally; process "e-2", as viewed dor-
of head pale yellow and with short, light sally, bifurcated, arising dorsomesally, its
brown setae. Legs with fine, yellowish se- projections long, slender, slightly serrated,
tae. Wings light green, translucent; fore- arched, projecting anteriorly, with pointed
wing covered with fine, short, yellowish se- apices reaching base of process "/"; pro-
tae, with small rounded patch of brownish cess "/" fingerlike, elongate, arising dor-
setae over area around anterior angle ofme- somesally, apex rounded, reaching base of
dial cell; apical third of forewing slightly apical arm of process "c^"; process "g" a
infuscate. Maxillary palpus with fifth seg- ventrolateral lobe, broad, flat, rounded; as
ment about 3/5 length of basal 4 segments viewed dorsally, emarginated, with mesal
combined. Process of sternum V large, projection, apex rounded and projected pos-
oval. Genitalia (Fig. 1): Segment IX, as teriorly; process '—7" absent.
viewed laterally, narrow, elongate, with Type material. Holotype: S, COSTA
V-shaped dorsal keel. Segment X with wart RICA: Alajuela: Cerro Campana, ca. 6 km
118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
wart "a" ^-^ wart "b-1" wart "b-1" wart "b-2"
wart"a"
lateral lobe
1G
]
Fig. 1. Leptonema clorito, male genitalia. A, Lateral view. B, Segments IX, X, dorsal view. C, Inferior
appendage, posteroventral view. D, Phallus, lateral view. E, Phallus, dorsal view. F, Phallus, ventral view. G,
Maxillary palpus, lateral view. H, Sternum V, ventral view.
—
VOLUME 99, NUMBER 1 119
NW
(air) — Dos Rios, 10.9°N, 85.4°W, el. 640 uatum, process "a" has a pair of conspic-
m, 15 16.iii.l986, Holzenthal and Fasth uous, dorsomesal, curved projections,
(NMNH). which are directed anteriorly, In L. flinto-
—
Etymology. Dedicated to the memory rum and L. huismanae, process "^" is pres-
of Dr. Clodomiro Picado Twight (1887- ent and process "/" is absent, as viewed
1944), in recognition of his numerous and dorsally. In L. hamuli and L. sinuatum, pro-
outstanding contributions to the biology of cess "e" is absent and process "/" is pres-
Costa Rica. Dr. Picado was known affec- ent.
tionately as "Clorito." Description. Male: Length of forewing
20-22 mm. Body sclerites pale brown. Dor-
Leptonemaflintorum Muiioz-Q., sum of head pale brown with short, light
new species brown setae. Legs with fine, light brown se-
Map
—(Fig. 2, 2) tae. Wings light brown, translucent; fore-
Diagnosis. This species is a member of wing covered with fine, short, brown setae,
the plicatum Group, as defined by Flint et with darker brown setae along anal veins,
al. (1987). It is very similartoL. huismanae and transverse band of darker brown setae
n. sp., but differs in the shape and size of over cord. Maxillary palpus with fifth seg-
process "g" of the phallic apparatus. In L. ment more than Vi length of basal 4 seg-
flintorum, process "g" is narrow, elongate, ments combined. Process of sternum V
distinctly concave dorsally, with a slightly large, oval. Genitalia (Fig. 2): Segment IX,
rounded and slightly serrated apex, barely as viewed laterally, narrow, elongate, with
reaching the posterior margin of process V-shaped dorsal keel. Segment X with wart
"^". In L. huismanae, process "g" is larg- "a" elongate, base narrow, apex bulbous;
er, very broad, slightly concave middorsal- warts "Z?-/" and "Z?-2" elongate, base nar-
ly, with a broad, rounded, serrated apex, row, apex bulbous; wart "c" absent; lateral
generally extending beyond the posterior lobes, as viewed dorsally, sharply pointed,
margin of process "Z?". Additionally, the projecting posteriorly; as viewed laterally,
midsection of the phallus of L.flintorum is appearing triangul£ir, bearing short setae on
wider than that ofL. huismanae Also, pro- lateral margin. Inferior appendage two seg-
.
cess "e" of the phallus of L. flintorum is mented, basal segment more than 3 times
more robust and conspicuous than the same length of apical segment; apical segment
process in L. huismanae. The pattern of with short setae on inner margin. Phallus
brownish setae on the forewing of L. huis- long, tubular; midsection bearing process
manae is darker than the pattern in L. flin- "e" dorsolaterally, slightly narrower than
torum. Leptonema flintorum has only been apical section ofphallus (apical section less
collected in the southern region of Costa than 1.5 times width of midsection); apical
Rica; L. huismanae has been collected in section bearing two, tiny, sharply pointed,
the central and northern regions of the sclerotized phallotremal sclerites behind
country. Finally, L. flintorum and L. huis- process "a", visible in dorsal view; process
manae can be separated from L. sinuatum "a", as viewed dorsally, broad, membra-
Mosely by the shape ofprocess "a" and by nous, arising dorsally, and emarginate api-
the presence or absence of processes "e" comesally; dorsal lobe of process "cr" as
and "/" ofthe phallus; these latter two pro- viewed laterally, with small, lightly sclero-
cesses also separate two the new species tized point, directed dorsally; process "Z?"
from L. hamuli Flint, McAlpine, and Ross. arising apicoventrally, slender, long, reach-
In L. flintorum and L. huismanae, process ing the base of process "e", apex pointed;
"a" arises dorsally, is broad, membranous, as viewed laterally, arched dorsally; process
emarginate apicomesally and without con- "e" spinelike, robust, conspicuous, arises
spicuous, dorsomesal, projections; in L. sin- dorsolaterally, apex pointed, directed anter-
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
• cheesmanae
^clorito
rafita
Map 1. Distribution ofLeptonema cheesmanae, L. clorito, and L. rafita.
NW
odorsally (in lateral view, height ofmidsec- km Las Alturas, 8.951°N, 82.846°W,
tion of phallus less than 2.5 times length of el. 1400 m, 16-17.iii.1991, Holzenthal,
process 'V'); process "g" developed into Muiioz, Huisman (NMNH). Paratypes:
narrow, elongate, apicolateral lobe, project- COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: same data as
ing posteriorly, as viewed dorsally, distinct- holotype except, 1 c?, 4 9 (UMSP); same
ly concave dorsally, apex somewhat round- except, trib. Rio Bellavista, Las Alturas
ed, lightly sclerotized, barely reaching pos- (road to quarry) 8.952°N, 82.848°W, el.
terior margin ofprocess "/?"; as viewed lat- 1480 m, 19.iii.l991, Holzenthal, Munoz,
erally, slightly serrated on dorsal and Huisman, 1 S—(UMSP).
ventral margins; ventrally, with U-shaped, Etymology. Named in honor of Dr. Ol-
apicomesal emargination; processes "c", iver S. Flint and his wife, Mrs. Carol Flint,
"c?", "/" and '7"—absent. in recognition to their great labor in the
Type material. Holotype: S, COSTA study of the Neotropical caddisfly fauna
RICA: Puntarenas: Rio Bellavista, ca. 1.5 and their help with the author.
VOLUME 99, NUMBER 1 121
2G
process "g"
Fig. 2. Leptonemaflintorum, male genitalia. A, Lateral view. B, Segments IX, X, dorsal view. C, Inferior
appendage, posteroventral view. D, Phallus, lateral view. E, Phallus, dorsal view. F, Phallus, ventral view. G,
Maxillary palpus, lateral view. H, Sternum V, ventral view.
—
,
122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Leptonema huismanae Munoz-Q., ly constricted (apical section more than 2
new species times width of midsection); apical section
(Fig. 3, Map 2) distinctly broader, bearing two, tiny, sharply
— pointed, sclerotized phallotremal sclerites
Diagnosis. This species belongs within
behind process "a", visible in dorsal view;
the plicatum Group of FHnt et al. (1987). It process "a", as viewed dorsally, broad,
is closest to L. flintorum n. sp., differing membranous, arising dorsally, and emargin-
from that species in the shape and size of
ate apicomesally; dorsal lobe of process
process "g" of the phallic apparatus, as
"a", as viewed laterally, with small, lightly
well as in the size of process "^", and of
sclerotized point, directed dorsally; process
the width of the midsection of the phallus. "^"
arising apicoventrally, slender, long,
Also, these species can be distinguish by extending beyond the base of process "e",
the pattern of brownish setae on the fore- apex pointed; as viewed laterally, arched
wing, as discussed in the diagnosis of L. dorsally; process "^" spinelike, short, aris-
flintorum. Finally, L. huismanae can be dis- ing dorsolaterally, apex pointed, directed
tinguished from L. sinuatum Mosely by the anterodorsally, but in some specimens pro-
shape of process "a" and by the presence
cess "e" very short to minute (in lateral
or absence ofprocesses "^" and "/" ofthe view, height of midsection of phallus more
phallus, these latter two processes also sep- than 3 times length ofprocess "e"); process
arate it from L. hamuli Flint, McAlpine, and "g" developed into large, very broad, api-
Ross, as described in the diagnosis of L. colateral lobe, projecting posteriorly, as
flintorum. viewed dorsally, only slightly concave mid-
Description. Male: Length of forewing dorsally, apex broad, rounded, serrated,
17-20 mm. Body sclerites pale brown. Dor- lightly sclerotized, normally extending be-
sum of head pale brown with short, light yond posterior margin of process "Z?", but
brown setae. Legs with fine, light brown se- in some specimens barely reaching beyond
tae. Wings light brown, translucent; fore- posterior margin ofprocess "Z?"; as viewed
wing covered with fine, short, brown setae, laterally, dorsal, apical and ventral margins
with small transverse band of brownish se- with many robust serrations, lightly scler-
tae over basal third and with longer, darker, otized; as viewed ventrally, with U-shaped,
transverse band ofbrownish setae overcord apicomesal emargination; processes "c",
and margins of medial cell. Maxillary pal- "^", "/" and '7"—absent.
pus with apical segment more than Vi length Type material. Holotype: c?, COSTA
of basal 4 segments combined. Process of RICA: Alajuela: Reserva Forestal San Ra-
sternum V large, oval. Genitalia (Fig. 3): mon, Ri'o San Lorencito and tribs.,
6—
Segment IX, as viewed laterally, narrow, 10.216°N, 84.607°W, el. 980 m,
elongate, with V-shaped dorsal keel. Seg- 10.iii.l991, Holzenthal, Munoz, Huisman
ment X with wart "a" elongate, base nar- (NMNH). Paratypes: COSTA RICA: Ala-
row, apex bulbous; warts "Z?-7" and "^-2" juela: same data as holotype except, 13-
elongate, base narrow, apex bulbous; wart 16.vi.l986, CM. and O.S. FHnt, Holzen-
"c" absent; lateral lobes, as viewed dorsal- thal, 11 6,2 9 (NMNH); same except, 2-
ly, rounded, projecting posteriorly; as 4.vii.l986, Holzenthal, Heyn, Armitage, 3
viewed laterally, triangular, bearing short c?,3 9 (UMSP); same except, 5-9.vii.1986,
setae on lateral margin. Inferior appendage I. and A. Chacon, 6 d, 2 9 (UMSP); same
two segmented, basal segment slightly except, 2-6.ix.1986, I. and A. Chacon, 1 S
more than 3 times length ofapical segment; 1 9 (UMSP); same except, 24-27.ii.l987,
apical segment with short setae on inner I. and A. Chacon, 3 d, 1 9 (UMSP); same
margin. Phallus long, tubular; midsection except, 30.iii.-l.iv.l987, Holzenthal, Hal-
'V
bearing process dorsolaterally, distinct- milton, Heyn, 11 d (4 in alcohol), 5 9
VOLUME NUMBER
99, 1 123
Fig. 3. Leptonema huismanae, male genitalia. A, Lateral view. B, Segments IX, X, dorsal view. C, Inferior
appendage, posteroventral view. D, Phallus, lateral view. E, Phallus, dorsal view. F, Phallus, ventral view. G,
Maxillary palpus, lateral view. H, Sternum V, ventral view.
124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
(UMSP); same except, 1-4.V.1990, Holzen- elongate, tonguelike, with its apex directed
thal and Blahnik, 5 c? (1 in alcohol), 12 9 posteriorly; in L. fortunum, as viewed dor-
(UMSP); same except, 28-30.vii.1990, sally, process "/" is somewhat elongate,
Holzenthal, Blahnik, Munoz, 1 6,1 9 (in with a bifid apex directed posteriorly; in L.
alcohol) (UMSP); same data as holotype salvini, as viewed dorsally, process "/" is
except, 7 d, 10 9 (UMSP); Rio Sarapiqui, oval; as viewed laterally, it is short, and
ca. 2 km SE Cariblanco, 10.299°N, with its apex slightly rounded and directed
84.172°W, el. 710 m, 22.iii.1986, Holzen- dorsally; and in L. vitum, process "/" is
thal and Fasth, 1 6 (UMSP); same except, absent. Also, process "g" of the phallus is
6,29
6.ii.l987, I. and A. Chacon, 2 unilobed in L. salvini, and it is bilobed in
(UMSP); Rio Agrio, ca. 3.5 km NE Bajos L. rafita, L. ekisi, L.fortunum and L. vitum.
del Toro, 10.243°N, 84.279°W, el. 1290 m, In addition, process "g" is different among
20.viii.l990, Holzenthal et al., 1 6 the four species. In L. rafita, process "g"
(UMSP); Guanacaste: Parque Nacional is short, lightly sclerotized, arising apico-
Guanacaste, Rio San Josecito, Est. Mengo laterally, directed posteriorly, and bilobed;
[Estacion Cacao], 10.922°N, 85.470°W, el. as viewed laterally, the apical lobe of pro-
960 m, 28-29.vii.1987, Holzenthal, Morse, cess "g" is erect, subtriangular, strongly
Clausen, 8 c?, 4 9 (UMSP); same except, serrated, projected posteriorly, with a pair
Estacion Cacao, lado suroeste del Volcan of apical points that reach the posterior
Cacao, [10°56'N, 85°26'W], el. 1000-1400 margin of the process "Z?"; the dorsal lobe
m, ix-xii.l989, URCG, R. Blanco, C. Cha- of the process "g" is erect, subtriangular,
vez, 3 6 (INBIO); same except, vi.l990, II slightly serrated, directed dorsally and with
Curso de Parataxonomos, 14 6, 12 9 (IN- a pointed apex; in L. ekisi, process "g" is
BIO); Z.[ona] P.[rotectora] Tenorio, tribs. short, apicolateral, directed posteriorly and
Rio San Lorenzo, 6 km NW Tierras Mor- bilobed apically; as viewed laterally, the
enas [Tilaran], 10.6rN, 84.98°W, el. 900 m, apical lobe is short, rounded, unserrated,
17-19.ii.l992, Holzenthal, Munoz, Kjer, 3 projected posteriorly, and barely reaching
6, 10 9 (UMS—P). the posterior margin of process "fc"; the
Etymology. Named in honor ofJolanda dorsal lobe is subtriangular, directed dor-
Huisman, in recognition of her great help sally with small apical points; in L.fortun-
with the Trichoptera of Costa Rica Project um, process "g" is elongate, apicolateral,
and for her friendship. projected posteriorly beyond the posterior
margin of process "Z?", and bilobed apical-
Leptonema rafita Muiioz-Q., ly; as viewed laterally, the apical lobe is
new species
subtriangular, unserrated, with a pointed
Map
—(Fig. 4, 1) apex and directed posteriorly; the dorsal
Diagnosis. This species is also a mem- lobe is erect, subtriangular, unserrated, with
ber of plicatum Group, as defined by Flint a pointed apex and directed dorsally; in L.
et al. (1987). It is most similar to L. ekisi salvini, process "g" is unilobed, short, ap-
Flint, McAlpine, and Ross, L. fortunum icolateral; as viewed laterally, projected
Flint, McAlpine, and Ross, L. salvini Mose- posteriorly, reaching the posterior margin of
ly, and L. vitum Flint, McAlpine, and Ross, process "Z?"; the apical lobe is absent; and
differing from those species in the shape of the dorsal lobe is erect, subtriangular, dor-
process "/" of the phallic apparatus. In L. soapical, and directed dorsally; and in L.
rafita, as viewed dorsally, process "/" aris- vitum, process "g" is elongate, apicolateral,
es dorsomesally and is round; as viewedlat- projected posteriorly beyond of posterior
erally, it is short, erect, with an apex mod- margin of process "/?", and bilobed; the
erately rounded and directed dorsally; in L. apical lobe, as viewed laterally, is large,
ekisi, as viewed dorsally, process "/" is quadrate, serrated posterodorsally and di-
