Fishes of the World

752 Pages·2016·18.76 MB·English

by  Joseph S. Nelson

Fishes of the World

Fishes of the World
Fifth Edition
Joseph S. Nelson
Terry C. Grande
Mark V. H. Wilson
Coverimage:MarkV.H.Wilson
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Names:Nelson,JosephS.,author.|Grande,Terry,author.|Wilson,MarkV.H.,author.
Title:Fishesoftheworld/JosephS.Nelson,TerryC.Grande,MarkV.H.Wilson.
Description:Fifthedition.|Hoboken,NewJersey:JohnWiley&Sons,2016.
|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2015037522|ISBN9781118342336(cloth);9781119220824(ebk.);
9781119220817(ebk.);9781119174844(ebk.)
Subjects:LCSH:Fishes–Classification.
Classification:LCCQL618.N42016|DDC597.01/2–dc23LCrecordavailableat
http://lccn.loc.gov/2015037522
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
MEMORIESOFJOENELSON xxix
FOREWORD xxxiii
PREFACE xxxvii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxxix
INTRODUCTION 1
TaxonomicDiversity 3
ImportancetoPeople 4
SystematicsandClassification 4
AnatomicalTerminology 7
DistributionandBiogeography 8
HumanImpacts 11
PHYLUMCHORDATA 13
SUBPHYLUMUROCHORDATA(Tunicata:thetunicates) 15
ClassASCIDIACEA(ascidians), 15
ClassTHALIACEA(salps), 15
OrderPYROSOMIDA, 15
OrderDOLIOLIDA, 15
OrderSALPIDA, 15
ClassAPPENDICULARIA, 15
SUBPHYLUMCEPHALOCHORDATA(Acrania,inpart) 16
OrderAMPHIOXIFORMES(lancelets), 16
FamilyBRANCHIOSTOMATIDAE, 16
FamilyEPIGONICHTHYIDAE, 16
v
vi Contents
†SUBPHYLUMCONODONTOPHORIDA(conodonts) 17
†ClassCONODONTA, 17
SUBPHYLUMCRANIATA 18
INFRAPHYLUMMYXINOMORPHI 19
ClassMYXINI, 20
OrderMYXINIFORMES(1)—hagfishes, 20
FamilyMYXINIDAE(1)—hagfishes, 20
INFRAPHYLUMVERTEBRATA(vertebrates) 22
SUPERCLASSPETROMYZONTOMORPHI 23
ClassPETROMYZONTIDA, 23
OrderPETROMYZONTIFORMES(2)—lampreys, 23
†FamilyMAYOMYZONTIDAE, 24
FamilyPETROMYZONTIDAE(2)—northernlampreys, 24
FamilyGEOTRIIDAE(3)—southernlampreys, 25
FamilyMORDACIIDAE(4)—southerntopeyedlampreys, 26
†SUPERCLASSPTERASPIDOMORPHI 26
†ClassPTERASPIDOMORPHA, 26
†SubclassASTRASPIDA, 27
†OrderASTRASPIDIFORMES, 27
†SubclassARANDASPIDA, 27
†OrderARANDASPIDIFORMES, 27
†SubclassHETEROSTRACI, 28
†CARDIPELTIDA, 28
†CORVASPIDIDA, 28
†LEPIDASPIDIDA, 28
†TESSERASPIDIDA, 28
†TRAQUAIRASPIDIFORMES, 28
†TOLYPELEPIDIDA, 28
†OrderCYATHASPIDIFORMES, 28
†FamilyAMPHIASPIDIDAE, 28
†FamilyCYATHASPIDIDAE, 29
†OrderPTERASPIDIFORMES, 29
†FamilyANCHIPTERASPIDIDAE, 29
†FamilyPROTASPIDIDAE, 29
†FamilyPROTOPTERASPIDIDAE, 29
†FamilyPSAMMOSTEIDAE, 29
†FamilyPTERASPIDIDAE, 29
†SUPERCLASSANASPIDOMORPHI 29
†ClassANASPIDA, 29
†OrderANASPIDIFORMES, 29
†SUPERCLASSTHELODONTOMORPHI 30
†ClassTHELODONTI, 30
†OrderARCHIPELEPIDIFORMES, 31
†OrderFURCACAUDIFORMES(fork-tailedthelodonts), 31
†OrderTHELODONTIFORMES, 31
Contents vii
†SUPERCLASSOSTEOSTRACOMORPHI 32
†ClassCEPHALASPIDOMORPHI, 33
†OrderCEPHALASPIDIFORMES, 33
†OrderGALEASPIDIFORMES, 34
†OrderPITURIASPIDIFORMES, 34
SUPERCLASSGNATHOSTOMATA(jawedvertebrates) 34
†GradePLACODERMIOMORPHI 36
†ClassPLACODERMI, 36
†OrderPSEUDOPETALICHTHYIFORMES, 37
†OrderACANTHOTHORACIFORMES, 37
†OrderRHENANIFORMES, 37
†OrderANTIARCHIFORMES(antiarchs), 37
†FamilyCHUCHINOLEPIDIDAE, 38
†FamilyYUNNANOLEPIDIDAE, 38
†FamilySINOLEPIDAE, 38
†FamilyMICROBRACHIIDAE, 38
†FamilyBOTHRIOLEPIDIDAE, 38
†FamilyASTEROLEPIDIDAE, 38
†FamilyGERDALEPIDIDAE, 39
†OrderPETALICHTHYIFORMES, 39
†OrderPTYCTODONTIFORMES, 39
†OrderARTHRODIRIFORMES(arthrodires), 39
EUGNATHOSTOMATA, 40
GRADECHONDRICHTHYOMORPHI 40
ClassCHONDRICHTHYES—cartilaginousfishes, 40
†FamilyPROTODONTIDAE, 43
†FamilyKATHEMACANTHIDAE, 43
†OrderPOLYMEROLEPIDIFORMES, 44
†OrderOMALODONTIFORMES, 44
†OrderANTARCTILAMNIFORMES, 44
†FamilyBANDRINGIDAE, 45
†OrderPHOEBODONTIFORMES, 45
†FamilyPHOEBODONTIDAE, 45
†FamilyJALODONTIDAE, 45
†SuperorderCLADOSELACHIMORPHA, 46
†OrderCLADOSELACHIFORMES, 46
†FamilyCLADOSELACHIDAE, 46
†OrderSYMMORIIFORMES, 46
†FamilySYMMORIIDAE, 46
†FamilyFALCATIDAE, 46
†SuperorderCTENACANTHIMORPHA, 46
†OrderCTENACANTHIFORMES, 46
†FamilyCTENACANTHIDAE, 47
†OrderSQUATINACTIFORMES, 47
†FamilySQUATINACTIDAE, 47
†SuperorderXENACANTHIMORPHA, 47
†OrderBRANSONELLIFORMES, 47
viii Contents
†OrderXENACANTHIFORMES, 47
†FamilyDIPLODOSELACHIDAE, 47
†FamilyXENACANTHIDAE, 47
SubclassHOLOCEPHALI, 48
†OrderINIOPTERYGIFORMES, 49
†OrderORODONTIFORMES, 49
†OrderEUGENEODONTIFORMES, 50
†OrderPETALODONTIFORMES, 50
†OrderDEBEERIIFORMES, 50
†OrderHELODONTIFORMES, 50
SuperorderHOLOCEPHALIMORPHA, 50
†OrderPSAMMODONTIFORMES, 50
†OrderCOPODONTIFORMES, 50
†OrderSQUALORAJIFORMES, 51
†OrderCHONDRENCHELYIFORMES, 51
†OrderMENASPIFORMES, 51
†OrderCOCHLIODONTIFORMES, 51
OrderCHIMAERIFORMES(3)—chimaeras, 51
FamilyCALLORHINCHIDAE(5)—plownosechimaeras, 52
FamilyRHINOCHIMAERIDAE(6)—longnosechimaeras, 52
FamilyCHIMAERIDAE(7)—shortnosechimaerasorratfishes, 53
SubclassEUSELACHII(sharks,rays,andrelatedfossils), 53
†OrderPROTACRODONTIFORMES, 55
†InfraclassHYBODONTA, 55
†OrderHYBODONTIFORMES, 55
†FamilyHYBODONTIDAE, 56
†FamilyTRISTYCHIIDAE, 56
†FamilyDISTOBATIDAE, 56
†FamilyACRODONTIDAE, 56
†FamilyPOLYACRODONTIDAE, 56
†FamilyLONCHIDIIDAE, 56
†FamilySTEINBACHODONTIDAE, 56
†FamilyPSEUDODALATIIDAE, 56
†FamilyPTYCHODONTIDAE, 56
†FamilyHOMALODONTIDAE, 56
InfraclassELASMOBRANCHII, 56
DivisionSELACHII—sharks, 58
SuperorderGALEOMORPHI, 58
†OrderSYNECHODONTIFORMES, 59
†FamilyPALAEOSPINACIDAE, 59
OrderHETERODONTIFORMES(4)—bullheadsharks, 59
FamilyHETERODONTIDAE(8)—bullheadsharks, 59
OrderORECTOLOBIFORMES(5)—carpetsharks, 59
FamilyPARASCYLLIIDAE(9)—collaredcarpetsharks, 60
FamilyBRACHAELURIDAE(10)—blindsharks, 60
FamilyORECTOLOBIDAE(11)—wobbegongs, 61