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OXFORD UNIVERSITPYR ESS
1994
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TherNeo'S su cThh iansFg r eSep eeacnhId,t a'G so oTdh inTgo,oI 1 03
8 thev irtueso ft oleraatnidou nn regulpautbeldi caitnip oans sagtehsafi tn d
theiwray i nteov erdyi scussoiffro ene s peecahn dt heF irAsmte ndment,
JohnM iltocna tchheism seulpfs horatn ds ayso,f c oursIe d idnm'eta n
Catholtihcse,mw ee xterminate:
THEsRN Eo'S ucTHH iNq 1 meann ott oleraptoepde rayn,d o pens uperstiwthiiocnah,s i te xtirpaaltle s
religiaonudcs i vsiulp remacsioei st,s eslhfo ublede xtir.p.a.t et haatl swoh ich
isi mpioourse vialb soluatgealiyn fsati otrhm annenrosl awc anp ossipbelrym it
ASF RESEp'E ECH,
thaitn tenndostt ou nlaiwt self.
ANdl rA'G so odT HiTNq qo,
Noticteh aMti ltoinsn ots implsyt ipulaat siinngg elxec epttiooa n r ule
generailnpl lya cteh;ek indosfu tteratnhcameti ghbte r egulaatneded v en
prohibointp eadi onf t riaanldp unishmceonnts tiatnuo tpee ns etp;o periys
Nowadaytsh eF irAsmte ndmenitst heF irst ReofufSg ceo undrels.
nameodn lays a particuplearrslpyi ciunosutsa onfct eh ea dvocatchyac ta n
-S. JohnsaonndS .F ish notb et oleraNtoe ddo.u btth eraer·eo thefro rmosf s peecahn da ctitohna t
mighbte c ategoraisz" eodp ens uperstitoirao sns su"b versoifvp ei ety,
faitahn,dm annerasn,dp resumatbhleyst eo ow oulbde c andidaftoer"s e x
tirpatiNoonr.w "o ulMdi ltotnh inhki mseclufl pabfloerh avinfga ilteod
proviad lei sotfu nproteucttteedr anTcheels i.s wti lfill ilt seolufta su tter
Latelmya,n yo nt hel ibearnadlp rogreslseifhvtea vbee end isconcetrot ed
anceasr ep utt ot het esitm plibeydhi sf ormulatwioounl:td h ifso rmo f
findt hawto rdsp,h raseasn,dc onceptthso ugthotb et heiprr operatnyd
speecohra dvocaciyfp, e rmitttoefl do uristhe,n tdo u ndermitnheev ery
generatoiftv hee piorl ithiacvsbe e ena ppropribaytt heefd o rcoefsn eocon
purposfeoswr hicohu rs ocieitscy o nstitOunteec da?n naonts wetrh iqsu es
servatiTshmi.si sp articutlrauroelf yt hec onceopftf resep eecfho,ri n
tiowni trhe spetcoat particuutltaerr ainnca ed vanocfei· t esm ergenocne
receyneta rFsi rAsmte ndmenrth etohraisbc e euns etdo j ustpioflyi caineds
thew orlds'tsa grea;t heorn,em ustw aiatn da skt heq uestiiontn h efu ll
actiotnhsel effti ndpsr oblematiifnc oatal b horrepnotrn:o grapsheyx,i st
conteoxfit tpsr oductainod(n p ossidbilses)e minaIttmi iognh.at p peatrh at
languacgaem,p uhsa tsep eecHho.w hast hihsa ppeneTdh?ea nsweIrs hall
ther esuwlotu lbde a dh oca ndu nprincibpultef do,rM iltotnh ep rinciple
givien t hiess saiyst haatb straccotn cepltiskf er esep eecdhon oth avaen y
inherienst hec orvea lueisnw hosen amei ndividoufal liskm ei ndc ame
"naturaclo"n tebnutta refi llewdi twhh atevceorn teanntd d_i rectoinoen
togetihnet rh ef irpslta cTeh.o svea luewsh,i cihn clutdhees earfcohrt ruth
canm anagteo p uti nttoh em".F resep eechi"sj ustth en amew e givteo
andt hep romotioofvn i rtuaer,ec apacieonuosu gtho a ccommodaat dei
verbable havitohra t setrhvese usb stanatgievned wase wisht oa dvance;
versiotfvy i ewsB.u ta ts omep oint-again imopfoa sdsviabnlscepe e cifi
andw e givoeu rp referrveedr bbaelh avitohrsan atm ew henw e canw,h en
cation--capaciowuislntleh srse attoeb ne comseh apelessannedas stt, h at
we havet hep owetro d os o,b ecauisnet her hetoorfiA cm ericlainf teh,e
poinfti deltiott hyeo rigivnaallu weisl dle manadc tosf e xtirpation.
labe"lfr ees peecihs"t heo ney ouw antyo ufra vorittowe esa r. sFpereeceh ,
Iw antt os ayt haatl alffi rmatioonfsf reedoofme xpressairoeln i kMei l
ins horits,n ota ni ndependveanltu e ab puotl itpirciazlae n,d i ft haptr ize
to•ns ,d ependfeontrt h efiorr coena ne xcepttihoanlt i tercaalrlvyoe ust t he
hasb eenc apturbeyda politoipcpso stedoy ourist,c ann ol ongbeeri n
spacienw hicehx pressciaontn h eenm ergIed .o n otm eant haetx pression
vokedi nw ays tfhuartt hyeorup ru rposfeosir, ti sn owa no bstatcolt eh ose
lJ) (sayisnogm ethiinsag )r ealwmh osien tegriisst oym etimceosm promised
pu osesT.h iiss s omethitnhgat th el'i beJreaflhta sy ett ou nderstaanndd ,
byc ertariens trictbiuottn hsa rte stricitnti hoenf ,or mo fa nu nderlyairng
whatf olloiwsas n a ttemtpopt r yi tmse mberlso osfer oma vocabultahra.yt
ticulaotfitohwneo rltdh ante cessa(risifil lye nntelgya)t aelst ernatipvoesly
mayn owb ea dissertvoit chee m.
sibalret iculaitsci oonnsst,i toufte ixvper essWiiotnh.o ruets tricwtiitohno,u t
Notf arfr om thee ndo fh isA reopagaintda ifctaehra, v incge lebrated
ani nbuisletn soef w hati tw oulbde m eaninglteoss asy o rw rontgo s ay,
"TherNeo'S su cThh inAgs F reSep eeacnhd I t'as G oodT hinTgo o"fi rsatp peairne d therceo ulbde n oa ssertainodnn o r easfoonra ssertiitTn.hg e e xcepttioo n
BostRoenv iew. unreguleaxtperde ssiisno onta n egatrievset ribcuttai poons ithiovlel owing
102
104I T here'Ssu cTNhho i ansgF reSep eech TherNeo'S su cThh iansFg r eSep eeacnhId,t a'G so oTdh inTgo,oI 1 05
ouotf v al-:-u-weea rfeo trh iwsh,i cmhe anwse a raeg aitnhsatt -rienl ation prescrbiylb aewad s c abne d emonstjruasbtliiyfina e f dr eaen dde mocratic
tow hicmhe aninagsfusle rctainto hne onc cuIrti. s i nr eferetnoct eh at socieOtryi .no" t hweorr desv,e rriyg ahntdf reedhoemr egirna nctaebnde
value-constasial tlvu atleudare e sb ya na cotf e xclusiosn-thoamtfe o rms trumpeidfi tesx erciisfs oeu ntdob ei nc onfwliitcthth per incitphlaets
ofs peewcihlb leh earads( quiltiet erianltloyl)e Srpaebelciehn.s, h ort, is underwtrhiseto ec iety.
nevear v aliuena ndo fi tsbeulitfs a lwapyrso duwcietdh tihnpe r ecincts Thiissw hat haipnKp eenesg satstr hae majorittyh aSfiten cdts3i 1o(9n2 )
ofs omaes sumceodn cepotfti hogeno otdow hicihmt u syti eilntd h eev ent oft hCer imiCnoadlde o eisnf acvti oltahtreei gohfft r eedoofem x pression
ofc onflWihcetnt. h pei nccohm e(sa nsdo onoerlr a tiewtri lall wacyosm e) guaranbtyet ehdce h arbtueitrs n everthae pleersmsi srseisbtrlicebt eion
andt hien stit(ubtieit co hnu rcsht,ao treu ,n iverissci otnyf)r obnytb eed causieta ccorwdistt hh per incpirpolcelsa iinmS'ee dc t1i.oT nh erieso ,f
havisourb verosfii vtceso rrea tioniatwl ielr,le spobnydd e cla"roifn g courasd ei,s sent thtahtce o rnecalcuthsheiawsoto n u lhda vbee erne ached
courwseem eanno tto lerate,dt hawte e xtirpantoebt,e "<;: auasne bym osti,fn oatl l, cUo.uSrb.tu set;v einnd isstehnmeti noriisft ayi thful
---
excepttoia og ne nefrraele dhoamss uddeannldcy o ntradibceteaonQr ily toC anadwiaaynos f r eason"iTnhgqe.u estiiotdn e,c"l a"rieassl ,w ays
nouncbeudbt,e cautshfreee edohma sn evebre egne nearnadhl aasl ways oneo fb alancaen,dt' h'ue sv ewnh eanp artiicnuflrairn goeftm hecenh ta r
beeunn dersatgoaoidtn hsbeta ckgroofua nnod r igienxacrlyu tshiagotin v es terS'esc t2i(obnh) a bse edne claurnecdo nstitausit wtio ounlhadal v,be e en
itm eaning. byt hmei nortihtyqe,u estrieomna ionpsew ni trhe spteoct thn ee xcta se.
Thiissa l artghee sbiusbt,e fotraec kliidtni gr e1cw talnytt ob uttmrye ss Int hUen itSetda ttehqseu estiispo rne sucmleods aenddc aonn lbyep ried
caswei tahn otehxearm ptlaek,ne onfrt o mt hsee ventceeennttbuhur ftyr om opebny s pectioaollI sno. u lre gcaull tausri eti sn owc onstiitfuo tneed ,
thceh aratnedcr a slea wo fC anadCaa.n adtihainn kaibnoguf tr eedoofm yel"lfrse sep eecihna" c rowdceodu rtroaonmdm akeisst t itchkce,a sies
expresdseipoanfr rtostm h lei nues uatlalkyie nnt hUen itSetda tienws a ys over.
thabtr itnhga cto unvtreyr cyl otsoet hAer eopagasiI th aivceeax pounded Ofc ouristie s,n otth asti mple. tDheaesp ppiatraeeb nsto lutoeftn hees s
itT.h ed ifferaernfecu elsol nyd ispilnaa y r ecelnatn dmcaarskRe .,v . · FirAsmte ndmetnhte,ar reae n yn umboefrw ayosf g ettairnogu intwd,a ys
KeegsJtarmaeK.se egswtraasa h igshc hotoela cihnAe lrb ewrhtoai, wt a s thaatrk en owtnoe versyt udoefnt thl ea wI.ng enertahlpe,r eferred strat�
establbiyse hveidd en"csey,s tematicallJye wasdn edJn uidgariaistnme d egyi.st o·manitphudeli asttei necstsieontnto,Fi iarlAs mte ndmejnutr ispru
hicsl assHeesd .e"s crJiebweasdstr eachersouubsv,e rssaidviesm,to ince,y dencbee,t wesepne eacnhda ctiTohned. i stinicset sisoennb teicaalun soe
lovipnogw,eh ru ngrya,n dc hiklidl lHeerd se.c latrheed"m r esponfsoirb le onew oultdh itnokf ramae F irAsmte ndmetnhtab te ga"nC ongrsehsasl l
depressainoanrscc,hh ya,o wsa,r asn dr evolutainodrn e"q uihriessdt u makneo l awa bridfrgeiendgo omfa ctiofno,tr"h awto uladm outnots ay
dent"str oe gurgtihteanstoeet iionne ss saaynsde xaminations." Keegstra in"gC ongrsehsamsla lk neo l aw,w"h icwho uladm outnots ayi"nTgh ere
wasi ndicutneddeS re ct3i19o(n2 o)ft hCer imiCnoad·lae ndc onvicTtheed . shableln ol aw,o'n'la yc tiuonnisn hiabnidut nerde gu·lIatfth eFedi .r st
CourotfA pperaelv erasnedtd h,Ce r owanp peatlote hdSe u preCmoeu rt, Amendmenttom) ask aen ys enshea,va en yb itsep,e emcuhs bte d eclared
whicrhe instthaleto ewdec rou rvte'rsd ict. notto b ea s pecoifea sc tioortn ,ob ea s pecfioarlom fa ctiloanc ktihneg
Sect3i1o9n( 2r)e aidnsp ar"tE,v eornyew hob,y c ommunicsattaitneg aspeocfta sc titohnac ta usiett ob et hoeb jeocfrt e gulaTthielo ant.t er
mentost htehra innp rivcaotnev erswaitlilofnpu,rl olmyo htaetsra egda inst strateigsty h fea voorneeda ndu suailnlvyo ltvhesese paraotfsi poene ch
anyi dentigfiraobuilpseg uilotf.y .a ni. n dictoafbfelanens die s l iable fromc onsequeTnhciiessws h.a Atr chibCaolxdd o ewsh ehne a ssitgon s
toi mprisofnomaret netrn mo etx ceedtiwnoyg e arIsn.t "h Uen itSetda tes, theF irAsmte ndmetnhte ojfop br otec"teixnpgr essseipoanrsfa rbolme
thipsr oviosfit ohcne o dweo uladl mocsetr tabiesn trluyc dko wbne cause, conduhcatrm futloo thienrd iviadnudta hlceso mmutnyi.T'h'ed ifficulty
undtehrFe i rAsmte ndmernets,tr icotnsi poenesac rhae p parepnrtolhyi bited ofm anagitnhgis se gregiastw ieolknln owsnp:e eaclhw asyese mtsob e
withqouuatl ificTaotb ieso unr.te h,Ce a nadcihaanr htaeisrt osw nv ersion crosstihnlegi nien.ta oc tiwohne,ri etb ecomaetsl ,e apsott entially, conse
oft hFei rAsmte ndmeinnSt e,c t2i(obn") E:v eryhoantse!! feo llofwuinng quentlni t1a1lfe.a coeft hicsa tegoirnisctaalbF iilristty ,A metnhdemoent
damenftraele do.m..s ( b)f reedoofmt hougbhetl,i oepfi,n iaonnd, risatnsdj urifsatssh ai doins tinwcittihtoihnnse p eech/daicsttiionnc tion:
expression, incolftu hdpiern egas nsfrdo e tehdmeoermd ioafc ommunica somefo rmosfs peeacrhne o tre alslpye ebcehc autsheep iurr poisste o
tionB.u"tS ect2i(bo)nl, i keev eortyh seerc toifto hnce h aritseq ru,a lified incviitoel eonrbc eec autsheea yr ea,st hceo udretc lairnCe hsa pkyli vn. s
byS ect1i:o" nT hCea nadCihaanr otfeR ri ghatnsdF reedgoumasr•a ntees New Hamp(s91h4i2r)"e,fi ghtwionrgd sw,o"r d"sl ikteolp yr ovotkhee
threi ghatnsdf reedsoemotsu itn i ts ubjoencltty os ucrhe asonlaibmliet s averpaegres toorn e taliaanttdih oenr,ce abuyas b er eaocfth h pee ace.''
106IT herNeo'S su cThh iansgF r eSep eech TherNeo'S su cThh iansFg r eSep eeandc hI,t a'G so oTdh inTgo,oI 1 07
Thet roubwliett hh idse finitiisto hna ittd istinguniostbh eetsw efeing ht isn ott aken serIinoo ursdliyn.a ry ctoanltikesp x rtosd,u cweidt thh eg oal
ingw ordasr iwdo rdtsh arte maisna fealnydm ereleyx presbsuitbv eet ween oft ryitnogm ove. thweo rlidn o ned irectiont hraaantn hoetrhI enrt .h ese
wordtsh aatr ep rovocattoio vneeg rou(pt hger outph afta lulnsd etrh e contextsc-otnhtee oxfte sv eryday ligfoet -oty hoetru o ubloefa sserting
rubr"iacv erapgeer sona"n)dw ordtsh amti ghbte p rovocattoio vteh er thaXt i sY only becyaouuss ues petchtas to mep eopalreew rongalsys ert
groupgsr,o uopfsp ersonnostn owc onsidaevreerda Agned.i fy oua skw hat ingt haXt i sZ ort haXt d oesn't Yeoxuia ssts.e irnts ,h orbte,c auysoeu
wordasr el iketloyb ep rovocattoit vheo sneo navergargoeu pwsh,a ta re givae d amnn,o ta bouats sertioinfi- taw esr ea valuiena ndo fi tself
liketloby e t hefiigrht iwnogr dsth,ae n sweirsa nythainndge verythfionrg , buta bouwth aty ouars sertiisao bno uItt.m ays eemp aradoxbiuctaf lr,e e
asJ ustiHcoel messa ildo nagg o( iGn itlvo.N we wY orke)ve,ri yd eiasa n expresscioounlo dn lbye a primavrayl uiefw haty oua rev aluiinstg h e
incitemteos notm ebodayn,ds ince icdoemaeps a ckagiends entenicne s, rigthotm aken oisbeu;ti fy oua ree ngagiends omep urposiavcet iviint y
wordse,v ersye ntenicspe o tentiianls loym,es ituattihoamnti ghotc cur thec ourosefw hich spheaepcphe tnosb ep roducseodo,n eorrl atyeoru
tomorroaw fi,g htiwnogr da ndt herefaoc raen didfaotrree gulation. wilclo met oa poinwth eny oud ecitdhea sto mef ormosf s peecdhon ot
Thiisn sicguhttt sw ow aysO.n ec oulcdo nclufdreo imt t hatth efi ghting furtbhuetre ndangtehrap tu rpose.
wordesx ceptiisao b na di debae cautshee irsen ow ayt op revecnlte vaenrd Taket hec asoef u niversaintdci oelsl egCeosu.li dt b et hep urpoosfe
unscrupualdovuosc afrtoems s hovelsionm ga nyf ormosf s peecihn ttoh e suchp lacteose ncourfargeeee x pressIifot nh?ea nswewre re" yes,i"t
excepted ctahtaettgh oezro yn oef c onstitutpiroontaelcsltpyee de schhr inks woulbde h artdo s ay· whtyh erweo ulbde a nyn eefdo crl assoerse ,x ami
ton othianngd i sfi nally without Oirn,ah latbeirntaatnitovsne.ecl oyu,l d natioonrsd ,e partmeonrtd si,s ciploirnl eisb,r arsiienscf,er eedoomf
conclude thwaats n etvheerr e anyitnth hienz go nie nt hefi rsptl acaen d expression nroetqhuibinurgtea s s oapboorxa no petne lephloinneTe h.e
thatth ed ifficuolflt iym ittihnefig g hting words iesmx ecreeplaty pi aorn verfya cotf t heu niversmiatcyh'isn eryt--ohfee vents, raintdpu raolcse,
ticular ionfts hteag necnee ral diofffis ceuplatrya stpienegcf hr oma ction. duretsh afti liltc sa lendar-afrogrsu oemseo themro,r es ubstanptuirve
Andi fo neo ptfso trh isse concdo nclusaisoI dn o,, t hean fu rthceorn clu poseI.nr elattioto hna ptu rpo(sweh icwhi lble r ealidziefdf eriennd tilfy
sioinsi nescapianbsloefa:as tr h ep oinotft heF irAsmte ndmeinstt oi den fereknitn dosfi nstitutthifeol nosu)r,i sohff irneegex preswsiiloilnna lmost
tifsyp eecshe parafbrloemc onduacntd·fr om thec onsequetnhcaectso me alcli rcumstbaena cneo sb vioguoso db;u ti ns omec ircumstafnrceeesd,o m
inc onducwta'kse t,h eriesn os ucshp eecahn dt herefnoorteh ifnogrt he ofe xpresmsaiyop no saet hretao.t t hpautr poasned,a tt hapto inittm ayb e
FirAsmte ndmetnotp roteOcrt,t. o m aket hpeo inftr otmh oe thedri rection, necesstaord yi scipolrir neeg ulsapteee clhe,s tto,p araphrMaislet otnh,e
whena couritn validlaetgeiss lbaetciao�nis tie n fringoenps r otecstpeede ch, institsuatciroinifi tcs�et loof n eo fi tasc cidfeenattaurle s.
iti sn otb ecautshese p eeicnhq uestiis.o\wn i thcoounts equebnuctbe esc ause Interesteinnogulgtyhh ,es amec onclusiisro ena ch(eidn advertbeyn tly)
thec onsequehnacvebese edni scounitnre edl attioao gno odt haitsj udged CongressmHaenn ry,Hywdheoi, s a ddrestshiensvgee riys suienas r ecently
too utweitghhe mD.e spiwthea tt hesya yc,o uratrsen eveirnt heb usiness offeraemde ndmetnoTt i tVleJo f t heC iviRilg hAtcst T.h ef irssetc tioofn
ofp rotecstpienegpc eh rs e," meres"p ee(cahn onexisatneinmta rla)t;h er, thea mendmesntta tietsps u rposteo,p rotect ''tshpee ecrfihrg eheot fcs o l
theayr ei nt heb usinoefsc sl assifsypienegc( ha psr otecotrre edg ulatable) legset udenbtysp 'r'o hibi·tpirnigva aswt eel als p ubleidcu catiionnsatli tu
inr elattioao v na lue-thheea lotfht hree publtihcve,i goorft heec onomy, tionfrso m "subjecatniysn tgu detnodt i sciplsiannacrtyis oonlseo lnyt he
them aintenaonftc hees tatquuso t,h eu ndoionfgt hes tatquuso- thaits basiosfc ondutchtai tss peechT.h'es' e consde ctieonnu merattheers e me
thtreu ei,f u nacknowleodbgjeedoc,ftt hepirro tection. dieasv ailatbosl teu dewnhtoss sep eercihg hmtasyh avbee eanb ridgaendd;
Buti ft hiisst hec asea, F irAsmte ndmepnutr imsitg hrte plwyh,y n ot thet hirwdh,i cihst om y mindt hneu bo ft hmea ttedre,c laarsea sne xcep
· drotph ceh araadleo nwgi tthh mea lleable ditshtamitan kceti itpo onsss ible, tiotno t hea mendmenjtu'rsi sdiacntyi" oend ucatiionnsatli ttuhtaiitos n
andd eclaurpef rotnhta tto tfarle edoofms peeicsho urp rimavrayl uaen d controblyla e rde ligioorugsa nizatointo hn,er'e 'as ontihnatgth ea pplica
trumpasn ythienlgs en,o mattewrh atT?h ea nsweirst hafrte edomo f tioonf t hea mendmetnots ucihn stitu"twioounlnsdo tb ec onsiswtietnht
expreswsioounlo dn lbye a primavrayl uiefi td idnm'att twehra wta ss aid, ther eligitoeunseo tfss ucohr ganiza't'Ii noe nfsf.e wchta,t C ongressman
didnm'att tert hiesn e nsteh anto o neg avae damnb utj uslti ketdoh ear Hydei ss ayiinsgt haattt hhee aorftt hesceo lleagnedus n iversiisat sieets
talTkh.e raer ec ontelxitkste h aat H,y deP arcko rneorr a c allt-ailnsk h ow ofb elieafnsd,i tw oulbde .w rontgo r equitrhee mt ot olerate behavior,
wherpee opgleet t os ounodf ff otrh es heefru no fi tT.h eseh,o wevearr,e includsipnege cbhe haviionri,m itcoat lh osbee lieBfust.i n sofaastr h is
specicaoln texatrtsi,f icbioaulnldyse pda cdeess ignteoad s sutrhea tta lking logiicsp ersuasiitav pep,l iaecsr otshseb oarfdo,ra leld ucatiionnsatli tu-
10I8T herNeo'S su cThh ian�gF reSep eech TherNeo'S su cThh iansFg r eSep eeacnhId,t a'G so oTdh inTgo,oI 1 09
tionrse sotn s omes eotf b eliefsi-nnsot itiust' i'ojnut shte fien'd'e pendent aso ccurriinnn goc ontewxhta tsoe'av nedrt hesntr ippipnagr ticsupleaerc h
ofa nyp urpose-anidti sh ardto s eew hyt her ighotfsa ni nstituttoi on actosf t hep roperctoinefse rornet dh emb y contexTthse.tr icki sn icely
proteac;ntdp reserivtebs a si"ct enetssh"o ulbde r estricotneldty o t hose illustrwahteend Schmidtp ruortgeecsft oiros np eec'h' nmoa ttheorw o b
thaatr er eligiously cRoenatrdos ltrloendg.lt yh,e t hirsde ctioofnt he noxioiunsc onten"tO.b"n oxiouasto" n cea cknowledtgheers e alitoyf
amendmeunntd oesse cti·oonnsae n dt wo--theex ceptbieocno meass,i t speech-rehlaartmeasdn dtr ivialtihzeembs y s uggesttihnatgth eayr es ur
alwaywsa st,h er ule-apnodi nutsst oa balanctiensvgte rmyu chl ikteh at facienj urtiheaastn yl arge-mi(n"dleidb eraantdhe udm anep"e)r ssohno uld
employiendC anadilaanw g:i vetnh aatn yc olleogrue n iverissii tnyf ormed bea blteo b earT.h ep ossibitlhiasttpy e ech-relatemda yib negj ruireiveosu s
bya correa tionaanla ed,m inistrfaatcoerwd i tcho mplaianbtosuo tf fensive andd eepwlouyn diinsgc arefuklelpyot u to fs ighatn,db ecauistei sk ept
speech sahsokuw lhde thdearm agteo t hec orew oulbed greaterif thes peech outo fs ightth,efi ctioofna worlodf w eightlveesrsb eaxlc hancgaen b e
weret oleraotrre edg ulated. maintainaetld e,a st wtihtech oinnf inoefSs c hmidtc'asr efudlelnya tured
Theo bjecttioot nh ilsi noef r easoniisnw ge lkln owna ndh asr ecen.t.l y discourse.
beenr eformulbaytB eedn nSoc hmidfto,r meprr esidoefYn atl Uen iversity. To thiSsc hmidwto uldno d oubrte plays,h ed oesi nh ise ssayt,ha t
AccorditnoSg c hmidstp,e eccho deosn c ampusceosn sti"twuetleil n ten harmfuslp eecshh oulbdea nswerneodtb yr egulabtuitob nym ores peech;
tionbeudt m isguideefdf orttogs i vvea luoefsc ommuniatnyd h armonay butt hawto ulmda kes ensoen lify thee ffectosfs peeccho ulbde c anceled
highpelra cteh afrne edom(" WaSltlr Jeoeutrn aMlay,6 ,1 919)".W hen outb ya dditisopneaelc ohn,l iyf t hep aiann dh umiliactaiuosneb dyr acial
theg oalosf h armoncyo lliwdiet frhe edomo fe xpressihoenc ,o"n tinues, orr eligious ceopuiltbdhe ae mtesl iorbayts eady insgo methilnigk' e' So's
''freedmoums tb eth e paramouonbtl igaotfia onna cademciocm munity.'' youorl dm an."W hatS chmifdati tlosr ealaitze ev erlye voeflh iasr gument
Thef laiwn t hilso giicso nd isplianty h ep hras"ea cademciocm munity," ist haetx pressiismo onr et haan m attoefrp rofferainndgr eceivpirnogp o
fort hep hrasree cogniwzheastS chmidwto uldde nyt,h aetx pressoinolny sitiotnhsaw,to rddso w orki nt hew orlodf a kintdh acta nnobtec onfined
occuirnsc orhmunitineosti- nia fn a cademciocm munittyh,ei nn a shop toa purecloyg nitrievaelo mf " merei"d eas.
pinmga lclo mmuniotrya dinnpeartyr communiotrya na irplraindece o m Itc oulbde s aidh,o wevetrh,a Itm yselmfi statkheen atuorfet hew ork
munit.oy r a n- officcoem munitIny t.h esceo mmunitainedsi na nyo thers doneb yfr eeltyo lerastpeede cbhe cauIsa em toof ocusoends hortMoruutn
thacto ulbde i magin(ewdi tthh ep ossibelxec eptoifoa n c ommuniotfy comeasn df aitlou ndersttahnatdth eg oode ffectosfs peecwhi lble r eal
majolre agubea sebfaalnls l)i,m itatoinos npse ecihnr elattiooa n d efining izedn,o ti nt hep resebnutt,i na futuwrheo seem ergence recgouulladt ion
andd eeplays sumepdu rpoasreei nseparfarbolmce o mmunimteym bership. onliyn hibTihti.ls i noef re asoniwnogu ladl swoe akeno neo fm y keyp Oints,
Indee"dl,i mitatiiostn hsew" r onwgo rd beciatsu usgeg etshtaset x pre.s - thastp eecihna ndo fi tseclafn nobtea valuaen di so nly wowrotrrhy ing
siona,sa na ctivaintdya valuhea,s a purfeo rmt haitsa lwayisnd anger abouitfi ti si nt hes erviocfse o methiwnigtw hh icihtc annobtei dentical.
ofb eincgo mpromibsyet dh eu rginogfss peciianlt erceosmtm unitbiuets ; My mistakoen,ec ouladr guies,t oe quatthee s omethiinnwg h ossee rvice
independeonfat lcyo mmunictoyn teixntf ormbeydi nter(etshtai tsp ,u r speecihsw itsho mel ocalelsyp ousveadl u(ee .gt.h,ee ndo fr acistmh,e
posee)x,p resswioounlb de a to ncien conceiavnadbu lnei ntelliRgaitbhleer. empowermenotfd isadvantmaignroeidti eswh)e,r eiansf acwte shoulthinkd
thabne inag. valtuhea itst hreatebnyle idmi tatiaonndcs o nstraeixnptrse,s oft hasto methaisna gn ow-inchsohaatpete h awti lble g ivefni rlmi noensl y
sioni,na nyf ormw ortwho rryianbgo uti,sa prodoufcl tim itatainodn s byt im'se penciTlh.a its w hyt hes hapneo wr eceisvuecshi ndeterminate
constraoifnt thsea, l ready-inp-rpelsaucpep ostihtaigtoi nvases serttihoenisr characteri(zea.tgit.or,nu ssee lf-fulfial lmmoernept e,r fepcotl itay m,o_r e
verpya rticpuolianrIt n.d eetdh,ev erayc to ft hinkoifns go methitnosg a y capabcliet izean lrye,s psa rttriuatlh w)e; c annonto wk nowi ta,n dt here
(whethoerrn oti ti ss ubsequernetgluyl atiesad l)r eacdoyn strained-ren forwee mustn otp rematufrieixlt yi nw ayst hawti lbli nsdu ccessgievne
dereidm puraen,d b ecauismep urec,o mmunicablet-hbeby a ckground eratitoone srr or.
contewxitt hwihn icthh et hougthatk eist ssh ape(.T hea nalyhsoilsd tso o Thifso rward-lovoikeiwon fgw hatt heF irAsmte ndmenptr otehcatssa
for" freedomw,h"i cihn S chmidtv'iss iiosna ne ntireemlpyt yc oncept greaatp peailn,p arbte cauistec ontiniunea s s eculfaorr mt heP uritan
referrtioan ngu rgew ithoduitr ectBiuotnl .i keex pressfrieoend,o mi sa celebraotfim oinl lenahroipaensb ,u ti ti mposeas r equiremseos netv ere
coherennott ioonnl iyn r elattiooa n g oaolr g oodt halti miatnsd b,y l imit thaotn ew ouledx cempotr ej ustificfaotirit to hna insu sualplryo vidTehde.
ings,h apietses x ercise.) requireimset nhtaw te endurweh atevpeari rna ciasntdh atsep eecihn flicts
ArgumenltiskS ec hmidotn'lsgy e tt hepiurr chabsyfie r sitm aginsipenegc h fort hes akoef a futurweh oseem ergenwcee c ano nltya koen f aitInh .a
101 I TherNeo'S su cThh iansFg r eSep eech TherNeo'S su cThh iansgF reSep eeacnhId,t a'G so oTdh inTgo,oI 1 11
specificraellliyg ivoiussi loink Mei ltont'hsi,ms a kesp erfescetn s(ei its effaciendp rinciple, ianlp trhaocutgiihtcc ea·nt akweh atever tfhoer m
indeetdh ew holoef C hristiabnuitit nyt )h,ec onteoxfta polittihcaspt u ts prevaiploilnigt ciocnadli timoannsd atwee; h ave nevearn ynh oarmda tive
ittsr uisntt hew orladn dn oti nt heH olyS piriitt,r aismeosr eq uestions guidanfcoerm arkinogf fp rotecftreodm u nprotected rsapteheetcrhh,e;
thaint a nswearnsd c oulbde s eeans t hes econodft wos tratedgeiseisg ned guidanwceeh avhe asb eefna shio(naendrd e fashioinnte hdev) e rpyo litical
tod elegititmhiecz oem plaionfvt isc timigzreodu pTsh.e f irssttr ateagsIy , struggloevse wrh icihtt he(nf oar t imep)r esidIenss h.o rtth,en ameo ft he
havneo teids,t od efisnpee ecihns ucahw aya st or endietir n consequential gameh asa lwaybse en poleivteinwc hse,n ( indeed, eswpheecnii)at il sl y
(ont hem odeolf " sticaknsds tonweisl blr eamky bonesb,u t. .." );t he playebdys tigmatipzoilnigta istc hse a retao b ea voided.
second striastt oea gcyk nowletdhge(e o ftegrine vousc)o nsequeonfcs epese ch Ins ayintgh isI, w oulndo tb eh earads a rguing efiotroh rea rg ainst
butd eclatrheaw.te must sutfhfeemir n t hen iuneo fs omethitnhgac ta nnot regulaatnidos np eeccho deass a matteofrg enerparli nciIpnlset.e mayd
ben amedT.h et wos trategajreeds e niafrlosm slightly ddiifrfeecrteinotn s argumetnutrn sa wayf romg enerparli ncitpotl heep ragma(tainct i)principle
oft hpe reseefnfetoc ftrs a cisspte ecohn;ec onfitnheoss eef fetcota sc losed ofc onsideeraicnshgi tuataisio ten m ergeTsh.eq uestoifow nh ethoerrn ot
ands afree alomf p urem entaalc tivtihteyo ;t heirm agintehsee ffecotfs tor egulwaitleal l waybsea locaoln ea,n dw e cann otr eloyn a bstractions
speecshp illoivnegr itnhtewo o rlbdu to nliyn a ne ver-recfeudtiunfrgoe r thaatr ee itheemrp toyf c onteonrtf illweidt thh ec onteonfst o mep artisan
whossea kwee m ust fordeevfeetrra kiancgt ion. agendtao g eneraat "ep rincipalnesdw"e Irn.s tewaed m ustc onsidienr
I findb otsht rateugnipeesr suasbiuvtme y, o wns kepticciosnmc erning evercya sweh ati sa ts takaen dw hata ret her iskasn dg ainosfa lterna-tive
themi sl esism portantth atnh e facitn g tenhearttha ely s eemt oh avweo rked; coursoefsa ctioInnt. h ec oursoeft hicso nsidermaatniyot nh inwgisl ble
int hep arlanocfte h .em arketp(lapa acrel anFcier Asmte ndmencto mmen ofh elpb,u ta mongt hemw ilnlo tb ep hrasleisk "ef reedoofms peecho"r
tatolrosv em)a,n yi nt hes ociestye emetdo h aveb oughtth emW.h y?T he ''threi gohfti ndiviedxuparle ssiboenc,a'u'sa est, h eayr eu sendo w,t hese
answeIr t,h iniks,t hat peoplteo F icrlsiAtnmg e ndmenpti etibeesc ause phrasteesn tdo o bscure rtahtahcnel ra riofuyrd ilemmaOsn.c et heayr e
thedyo n otw istho f acweh att hecyo rrecttalktyeo b et hea lternatTihvaet. deprivoeftd h etiarl ismfaonriccoe n,c iet i sn ol ongsetrra tegiecfaflelcyt ive
alternatiispv oe litthierc esa,li za(taiwtoh ni cIhh avea.l reahdiyn tetdh)a t simpltyoi nvokteh emi nt hea cto fw alkianwga yfr om a probletmh,e
decisiaobnosuw th ati sa ndi sn optr otecitnte hder ealomf e xpresswiiolnl conversactoiuolcnd o ntiniunde i recttihoanatsr en owb lockbeyda First
resnto to np rincipolrfie rm doctrbiunteo nt hea biloifts yo mep ersotnos· Amendmenatb soluttihsahmta so nlbye enh onoriendt heb reacahn yway.
interp--r-,reectharacteriozrer ewri€>-t-principalned docitrinnw ea ys tlheaatd Tot hes tudernetp orwtheorc omplatihnasit nt hewa keo ft hep romulgation
tot.h ep rotectoifso pne ecthh ey want anhdet ahrerd e gulaotfis opne ech ofa speeccho dea tt heU niversoifWt iys constihne riesn ows omethiinng
thewya nth earadn dt her egulaotfis opne ecthh ewya nts ilenc(eTdh.ai ts theb acko fh ism inda sh ew riteosn,ec ould reply,w a"saT lhwearyes
howG eorgBeu shc ana rgufeo flra g-burnisntga tuatnedsa gaicnasmtpu s somethiinntg h eb acokf y oumri nda,n dp erhaiptms i ghbte b ettteohr a ve
hate-spceoedcehs W.h)e nt heF irsAtm endmenitss uccessfiunlvloyk ed, thicso dei nt heb acko fy ourm indt hawnh atevwears i nt herbee fore."
ther esuilsnt o ta victofroyrf resep eecihnt hef acoef a challefrnogme Andw hens omeonwearn s aboutth es lippselroypa en dp redimcotusrn fully
politbiuctas p olitviiccatwolory nb yt hep arttyh ahta sm anagetdow rap thaitfy our estroinceft o rm ofs peecyho,u n evekrn oww hatw ilble r e
itasg endiant hem antloeffr ees peech. strictneedx to,n ec oulrde pl"yS,o mef ormo fs peecihsa lwaybse inrge
Iti sf romj usstu cha conclusiocno-nac lustihoawnto ulpdu tp olitics stricetlesdte,h erceo ulbde n om eaningafsusle rtwieo hna;v ea lwayasn d
insithdeFe i rAsmte ndment-tchoamtm entatroercso·is la,y intgh inlgisk e alreasdlyi ddo wnt hes lippselroyp seo;m eoniesa lwaygso intgo b er e
"Thicso ulrde ndterh eF irAsmte ndmenat d eadl etteorr;" 'T'h iwso uld stricnteexdta ,n di ti sy oujro bt om akes urteh atth es omeoniesn oty ou."
leavuesw itnho n ormatgiuvied anicnde e termiwnhiennga ndw hats peech Andw hens omeonoeb servaesss ,o meonseu rewliyl lt,h aatn tiharassment
top rotecotr," "T hiesf factehsed istincbteitowne sepne ecahn da ction," codecsh islple ecohn,ec oulrde pltyh asti ncsep eecohn lbye comeisn telli
or" Thiissi ncompatwiibtlahen yv iabnloet ioofn. freeodfeo xmp ression." giblaeg aintshteb ackgrooufnw dh ati snb'eti nsga idt,h eb ackgrooufn d
To thesset ateme(.cnutlslm eodr eo rl esastr andofmr omr ecelnatw r eview whath asa lreabdeye ns ilenctehdeo, n lyq uestiiostn h ep olitoinceaol f
pieceIs w)o ulrde pltyh atth eF irsAtm endmenhta sa lwaybse ena dead whicshp eecihsg ointgo b ec hillaendd,a, l tlh incgosn sideirtse ede,m as
lettiefor n eu nderstioto"sdIi venestso"d epenodn t hied entificaantdi on goodt hintgoc hislple eclhi k"en igger",c"u nt",k"i kea,n"d " faggot."
protecotfia o rne alomf " meree"x pressdiiosnt ifnrcotmt her ealomf r eg Andi fs omeonteh esna ys",B utw hahta ppenteofd r ee-sppereicnhc iples?"
ulatacbolned uctth;ed istincbteitownes epne ecahn da ctihoansa lwaybse en onec oulsda yw hatI h aven ows aiad d ozetni mefsr,e e-sppereicnhc iples
-.�i '
TherNeo'S su cThh iansgF reSep eeacnhId,t a'G so oTdh inTgo,o1 1 31
112I TherNeo'S su cThh iansgF reSep eech
quarraeblo uetv idenccree,d ibidloictuym,e ntaBtuitso inn.co ent hesmea t
don'etx iesxtc eapsta componeinnat b ada rgumeinnwt h icshu cphr inci
tertsh ee ditoarnsdI are ina greememnyt q,u arrieswl i tthh er easoning
pleasr ei nvokteodm askm otivtehsaw to ul:hdo tw ithstcalnodss ec rutiny.
thalte dt hemt oa cti no pposittiowo hna tt hebye lietvoeb de tru e.T hat
Ane xampolfea w olwfr appiendF irAsmte ndmecnlto thiisan nga dver
reasoniansIg u ,n derstiatgn,od e ass f olloawlst:h ouwg,heo urselavrees
tisemtehnatrt a nr ecenitnlt yh eD ukeU niversstiutdye nnetw spaptehre,
ChroniSicglneeb;dy:S radlRe.yS mitwhe,l kln owans a p urveyoofar n ti certaint htHeho alto cawuassta facfta,c atrsne o torioiunstleyr praentda ble
.;.. · disputatbhleer;e fnoorteh iinseg v erre ally saentdwt elh eadv,ne o r igthot
Semitnieco -Napzrio pagantdhaea, d i sp ackagaesda scholatrrelayt ise:
rjeecsto methjiunsgbt e cauwsee r egairtad s p erniciaonudsf alsBeu.tt he
foudre nseplayc kecdo lu:rciolmnpsl ewtiet "hl earnedr"e ferenucnedso,c
fact-Ii cfa nu se twhoartd- thaste tttlreudt chasna lwaybseu pseatt,
umentsetda tisatnidac nsa ,r raoyfs o-calaluetdh oriTthieme ess.s aogfet he
leatshte oretidcoaelsl yn,o t mewaenc antnhaoafttf iarnmd roenlt yr uths
adi st hatth eH olocanuesvte orc cur·raendtd h atth eG ermasnt anteev er
thaatc cordtiono gu rp reselnitg hstese mi ndisputraabtlheie;trm ,e anesx
"hada p olitcoye xtermitnhaJete ew ipseho p(loear n yoneel sbey)p utting
acttlhye o pposiitnte h:ea bsenocfea bsolcuetret aoifnt thyek intdh acta n
themt od eatihng asc hamberIsn.a " s pectaciunlsatra onfct eh ei ncreas
onlbye p rovidbeydr evelation (Isd oomn eottrh uilnoegu tb uth avneo t
ingly populatrh ve"i bcltiamsm"tre a tegtyh,He o locau"sstt oryo"r " myth"
yete xperienwceem du)s,at c otn t heb asiosft hec ertawienht ayv seo f ar
iss aitdo h aveb eenf abricianto erdd e'rt' od rumu pw orlsdy mpatfhoyr
achievTerdu.tm lJ.a y,a sM iltosna iadl,w aybsei nt hec ourosfee merging,
Jewicsahu s"e sTh.e "evidenscuep"p orttihnegs aes sertiiosan ssl ibclke nd
andw e musta lwaybseo ng uaradg ainbseti nsgo b eguiblyei dt psr esent
ofs upposedly profbaactitvs'e-n 'oa t s ingaluet opsbioeddyh asb eesnh own
shapteh awte ignocroen treavriyd enbcuet;b, y t hes amet okewnh,e ni t
tob eg assed"-asnldyi n sinuaotfia o knisn d.famtiorl eiaadre orfMs ein
happetnhsa tth ep resesnhta poeftru thi sc ompellbienygo nad r easonable
Kamfpa ndT hPer otoocfto hlEesl deorfZ si oTnh.es licktehsitno gfa ll,
doubitt,i so urm oraolb ligattoia ocnto ni ta ndn otd efearc tiionnt he
howeveirst, h per esentoaftt ihoaenr gumeansat n e xerciinsf er esep eech
nameo fa ni nterpreftuattutirhveaem t a yn evearrr ivBey.r unnitnhgFe i rst
thea di ss ubti't'lTehdCe a sfeo Orp enD ebat-et'h'a cto ulbdeo bjectteod
Amendmeuntpt hen.e areflsatg poalned r ushitnogs aluittet, h es tudent
onlbyy " thougphotl icaen"dc ensoTrhsi.ss t ratbeogryie m mediafrtuei t
editodresf aulotnet dh aotb ligaatnidog na voev etrh eriers ponsitboia l ity
int hdee cisoifot nh nee wspaspetafrf t oa ccetphtae d d espiatl eo ng-standing
so-calplreidn citphlaweta sn ote vetno t hpeo int.
(anhdi storihcoanlolreydp )o liocfyr efusimnagt eritahlacsto ntaeitnh nic
Letm e bec leaIr a.m nots ayitnhga Fti rAsmte ndmepnrti nciaprlee s
andr acisallu orrsa reo therwoifsfee nsTihveer .e asonoifnt gh es ta(fefx
inherebnatdl( yt heayr ei nhelryne ontthinogn)l,ty h atth eayr en ota lways
plainbeydt hee ditionar s pecicaoll umwna)s t hautn detrh Fei rAsmte nd
thea pproprrieafteer epnocienf to rs ituatiinovnosl vtihnepg r oductoifo n
menta dvertihsaevtresh e" righttob" e p ublish"Aemde.r icnaenw spapers
speecahn,dt hat event hweahyre ent hea ppropriate proeifnettrh,ee nyc e
areb uilotnt hep rinciopflfr eese s peecahn dfr eep ressso,h owc ana
don otco nstiatp uotlei ticpse-rfrsepee cbteicvaeut shese h apienw hicthh ey
newspapdeern yt hesrei ghttosa nyoneT?h"e a nswetrot hiqsu estiiosn
arei nvoked willb ep aollwiatyisc al, wtihlalit s ba,el t whaery ess,u olft
thaatn a dvertiissn eortd eniehdi sr ights simplay sibnegcmlaeeud siea
havindgr awtnh er elevlainnt(e b etwesepne ecahn da ctioonrb, e tween
orgadne clihniescs o pys ol onags o thearv enuoefsp ublicaatrieao vna il
high-vsapleueeac nhd l ow-vaslpueee cohrb, e tweweonr dess senttoit ahle
ablaen dt herhea sb eerni sot astuep presosfih oinsv iewTsh.i iss n ott o
expresosifio dne aasn dfi ghtiwnogr dsi)na wayt haitsf avoratbosl oem e
sayt hatth erceo ulndo tb ea casfeo rp rinttihneag d ,o nltyh atth ec ase
interaensdti sn diffeorrhe onstt itlooe t herTsh.i hsa vinbge ens aidt,h e
cannroets otn a supposFeidr Asmte ndment oblOingeam tiigohnat.r gue,
morailsn ott haFti rAsmte ndmetalknt shoubleda bandonfeodre, v einf
fore xamplteh,ap tr inttihneag d w oulfdo stheera ltdheyb atoert, h alti es
thes tandFairrdAs mte ndmefnotr muldaons o tan d coulndo tp erfotrmh e
arem orel iketloby e s howunp f owrh atth eayr ei ft heayr eb rougthott h e
function eoxfpt ehcetm(e tdh eel iminaotfip oonl itciocnasli derations in
ligohftd ayb,u tt hesaer ep recistehleay r gumetnhtese ditdoirs cliani ms
decisiaobnosus tp eecthh)e,sy t islelr vae fu nctitohna itsn ota ta lnle gli
here agernetsots a kae " principflreede"- spseteacnhd .
giblteh:e syl odwo wno utcomienas n a reian w hicthh ef eaorf o verhasty
WhatI findm ostd istressaibnogut th iisn cidiesnn to tt hatth ea dw as
outcomiesjs u stibfiyea d l onrge coorfda busoefsp owerI.ti so ftesna id
printbeudtt haittw as pribnytp"ee dr sownhso b elieivtet dob ea liaen da
thahti stosrhyo w(si tsae flofrm ulat)h aetv ean m inimraels triocntt ihoen
distorIft itohnee. d itaonrdh ers tawfefr ien a greemweinttSh m ithv'ise ws
righotfe xpressitoonoe asilleya dtsoe ver-larregsetrri ctainodnt sot; h e
orh arborseedr ioduosu batbso utth ere aloiftt yh eH olocauIsw to,u lsdt ill
extetnhtat th iissa ne mpirifcaac(lta nidti sa q uestoinoenc ouldde bate),
havae q uarrewli tthh emb,u ti tw oulbde a d iffeqruearnertl i;tw oulbde a
1141 TherNeo'S su cThh iansFg r eSep eech TherNeo'S su cThh iansFg r eSep eeacnhId,t a'G so oTdh inTgo,oI1 15
theriess omec omfoarntd p rotecttoib oenf ounidn a procedtuhraert e
paintings. NIor tehpienacgta,,ni nsuluastf er omt hosrei sk(sI.tf h eries
quiryeosut oj umtph rough hooapl so-otdf ao r gumentwaotrikv-eb efore
non ormatgiuvied anicnde e terminwihnegn a ndw hats p�ecthop rotect,
a speercehg ulawtiiloblne a llowteods tand.
theriesn on ormative giunid deatnecrem iwnhianitgs a rt-lifkrees ep eech
Iw oulndo bte m isundersatsoo fofde rtihnnego tioofn" jumpitnhgr ough
a categotrhyai tn cluedveesr ythainndng o thing-wahnadti so bscenity.)
�
hoopsa"s a newv ersioofnt heF irAsmte ndmenctl aitmo eutratlyA
? : Moreovenro,t hicnagnp roviudsew itah p rincifpoldree cidwihnigc h risk
hoopm ushta vaes hape-tihnic sa steh es hapoefw hatevbemra rdyt stmc
int hel onrgu ni st heb estto t akeIa. m persuatdheadat tt hep resemnot
tioins r epresenFtiirnsAgtm e ndmen't' inter-easntdts h'e's hapoef t he
mentr,i gnhotw ,t her isokfn ota ttendtiohn agt sep eeicshg reattherat nh e
hoopo nei sa sketdo j umpt hrouwgihl iln p ardte termwihnaetk indosf
ristkh abty r egulaittwi en wgi ldle priovuer selovfev sa luavboliec aensd
jumpcsa nb er egulamraldyeE .v eni ft heayr oen lmye chanifsomsrsl owing
insigohrst lsi ddoew nt hsel ippselroypt eo wartdyr anny. iTshai j su dgment
down outcoFmiersAs,mt e ndmenfto rmulbayvs i rtoufet hesiurb stantive
fowrh icIhc ano ffreera sobnustn og uarantAelelIsam . sayiins.g t htahte
conte(natn idt i si mpossitbhlateth ebye w ithocuotn tewnitl)sl l odwo wn· judgmeonftt sh osweh ow oulcdo med owno nt hoet hesri dcea rryn og uar
someo utcommeosr ee asitlhya ont herasn,dt hamte antsh atth ef ortmh ey
anteeeist hTehre.y u rgues t op uto urf aiitnha politaibcsatrla ctibounts ,
�
happetnoh avaet t hep resemnotm enwti lfla vosro mei ntetrmeoret an
�� thea bstractitohnesiy n voke-them arketploafci ed eassp,e eachl one, speech
otherTsh.e refoervee,nw itah reduced osfet nhseee f fectotfvF tttrys t
itself-ocnolmye i np olitgiuciaslea sn,d therientf rourset ing wteo them
Amendmenrth eto(riictca nn ota ssuarney p articruelsaurlt th)ec, o unsel
fal(lu nwittiunngdletyrh) es wayo ft hvee rfyo rcweesw istho k eeapt b ay.
witwhh icIhb egarne mairnesl evsaonl to:n ags s o-calfrleeed- spepercihn
Iti sn ott hatth eraer en oc hoicteoms a keo rm eanosf m akintgh emi;ti s
ciplheasv bee efna shiobnyey do uern em(ys ol onags i ti sh ihso opyso u
justth atth ce hoicaesws e lals t hme eanasr ien extricfraobmlt eh dei na.n d
havteo j umpt hrougcho)n,t etshte rierl evatnotc hee i ssuaeth andb;u ti f
confusoifop na rtisstraung glTeh.e riesn os afpel ace.
youm anagteo r efashtihoenmi nl inwei tyho upru rposuersg,te h emw ith
a vengeance.
Iti sa counstehlaf to llo.f-w rso tmh et hestihsat th eriesn os ucthh inags Postscript
�
frees peecwhh,i cihsn ota,f telrla,t hesaisss t artolric nogr rosaismv aey .
firhsatv see emeIdt.m erelsya ytsh atth eriesn o� lasofsu tterasnecpeas Whena s hortveerr siooftn h iess sawya sf irpsutb lisihted dr,e wa number
rabfrloem t hweo rlodfc onduacntdt hatth ereftohrieed entifiocfsa otmieo n ofi ndignant frloemrt etaedreswr hso t oomke tob em akinag r ecommen
utteraanscm eesm berosf t hanto nexisctleanswtsi lall waybse e vidence datiloenta:'bs a ndporni ncipolrl eest,d' iss pewnisteah n o pemni ndB.u t,
thaat p olitliicnahela sb eednr awrna thtehra an l inteh adte nipeosl itics inf acIta ,m notm akinag r ecommendabtuitdo enc larwihnagIt t akteo b e
entriyn ttoh ef oruomf p ubldiics comrIstei .st hej obo ft heF irAsmte nd anu navoidtarbulteTh h.a trtu tihs n ot tfhraete doofms peecshh oulbed
mentt om arko uta na reian w hiccho mpetivnige wcsa nb ec onsidered abridgbeudtt haftr eedoofm·s peecihsa conceptiumaplo ssibbielciatuys e
withosutta itnet erferbeuntic fte h;ev ermya rkionugto ft haatr eiasi tself thec onditoifso pne ecbhe'si nfgr eient hefir sptl aciesu nrealizTahbalte .
ani nterfe(raesin ctae l waywsi lble )F,i rAsmte ndmenjtu rispruidse nce conditcioornr esptoont dhseh o per,e presebnytt ehdoe ft en-inv'o'kmeadr
inevitsaebllfy- defaenadts iunbgv ersoifiv teos w na spiratTihoants'.s the ketploafci ed east,h"a wte canf ashiao fno ruimn w hicihd eacsa nb e
badn ewsT.h eg oodn ewsi st hat prebceicsaelsuyps eee ch is' 'nfreevee"r considered indoefpp eonldietanintcldaiy ld eologciocnasltr aMiyn tp.o int,
int het wos ensreeqsu ired-forfce oen sequeanncdfre.es e f rosmt aptree s note ngagbeydt hel etteirsts h,ac to nstraoifna tni deologkiicniadsl g en
sure-speeaclhw amyast teirsas l,w adyosi nwgo rkb;e cauesvee rytwhei ng eratoifsv peee ch andt htehraetft ohreve e riyn telligoifbs ipleietc(yha s
sayi mpingoenst hew orldin waysi ndistingufriosmht ahbeel fef ecotfs asserrtaitohnte hra nno isiesr) a dicdaelpleyn doennw th afrte e-speiedceho
physiaccatli owne,m ustta kree sponsifboiorlu irvt eyr bpaelr formances loguweosu lpdu sahw ayA.b sensto mea lready-iann-dp( lfaotcrhe et ime
alolft hem-anndo ta ssumteh atth eayr ebe intgak enc areosfb ya c lause beinugn)q uestiiodneeodl ogviicsailot nh,ea cotf s peakiwnogu lmda ken o
in thCe onstitutiOofcn o.u rswei,tre hs ponsibicloimteyrs i skbsu,tt hehya ve sensbee,c auistwe o ulndo tb er esonaatgianign asntyb ackgrouunndde r
afrlowmta hybesem eTo.nhu errya i rsetka hsner,d in sodk rosec,st preoicfnfrt eeio evsfp ep eleryem,hci ahts est vpieeniregn tc shhua dltoau etsse d ssitbaclnoedon ifsnt eghq epu oesNnsocirecib soslt.u eh r absotaef pcs hk ygsrioaouccrnavc dlee rsbsataicolbtt lhiseeoap nnesdta ):lkieetcpir oor ns
boebvnieoofihfutJa s or ymac neUdo' lfssy hsuostrLet aosiwfn rfsge p neceLecia'hndws Cya hy ast thatmteLi rgohlvdtyoee r'nrT yusi st t ihaen 's csotrnasitniistit;t snu h otefitae e nslo i dbn jw ehociftch ch io osnr hs ecrci roiuotscisncceeualsrlfsas - n,cdt o hnesrceirtfoahouterpsh ernie oetr-s ,·s ;
116I TherNeo'S su cThh iansFg r eSep eech TherNeo'S su cThh iansFg r eSep eeacnhId,t a'G so oTdh inTgo,oI 1 17
ductioofnc so nsciousannedss pse,C ificsapleleycw hi,la ll waybsep olitical tiotnh atth eriess omei mpliacnidmt u tualelxyc lusdiivceh otboemtyw een
(thiasta, n gleidnw) a yst hesp eakcearn nkonto w. politaincdps ri nciplIen.f 'a'cm ty, argumeinset x acttlhyer everssien:c e
Inr espontsote h isso,m eonmei ghsta y( althotuhgelh e ttheerrsde i s iti so nlfroym withai cno mmitmetnots ome particulaarb s(trnaoactgt e)n da
cussdeodn otr isteot hilse vetlh)ae tv einf s peecihsi nescappaoblliyt ical that foeneetl hse dueregpe nwceyi dentais'f 'yp rincippolleidt,ii'stc' hs e
inm y somewhraatr ifiseedn sieti, s s tiplols siabnlded esiratbopl roev ide sourocfp er incinpolte ,o iptpso siWthee.n t woa gendsaqsu arofef t,h e
a clearsepda cienw hicihr remedipaoblliytu itctaelr acnacnec so mpeftoer conteissnt e vebre twepeonl itaincdps r incibpultbe e twetewno f ormosf
thep ubliacp'psr owvialt hoauntyo neo ft hebme infga voroersd t igmatized politoirc,is f,y oup refetrw,of orms proifn ciTphleea .s sumptoifo na n
ina dvancBeu.tw hatt heh istoorfFy i rAsmte ndmejnutr isprusdheonwcse antagonbiestmw etehne mi sn otm ineb,u tP ost'asn,di ti sa na ssumption
ist hatth ed ecisiaosnt sow hats houlodrs houlndo te njotyh astp ace's hed oublwehse nh ew arns oft hed angoefr" unprincsiepllfe-da ssertion."
protecatnidot nh ed eterminoafth ioowne xact(luyn dewrh atr uletsh)a t Thiiss t oi magisneel vaessp ossimboltyi vabtye" dm erep"r eferebnucte ,
spacwei lfilr sbte d emarcaatnedtd h eand ministaerrceeo dn tinumaaltltye rs (and itsht ihse spaomienI th avaelre adym adep)r efereinscn ee ve"rm ere"
ofd ispumtoer;e ovtehrep, o sititoanksei nnt hed ispuatreee ,a cohf t hem, int hes ensoefb einwgi thoaum to raolrp hilosoprhaitciaolnp arleef;e rence
intellaingdic bolmep elloinnlfrgyo mt hvea ntapgoei notf dae epalsys umed ist hper ecipoifts aotmeed efens(iabnldoe,f c oursceh,a llengaegaebnldea),
ideolowghyi,c hl,i kteh ei deoloogfsy p eecihn·g enerdaalr,ne o ta,n di n ands elvwehso a sseirtrt,a thtehra bne inugn princiaprlaee ttd h,a mto ment
deecda nnostp,e aikt nsa meT.h es tructthuaritess upposteopd e rmiidte o extensoifop nrsi nciApglaei.ni ,ti sP ostn,o tm e,w hoe ntertaa piincst ure
logiCal/paogleintditacosfia glh itt o utf airly-ao lne vpella yifinegl tdh at ofh umanb ein"gass m erelay c ollecotfiH oonb besiaapnp etitIe sse.e"
hasn otb eenr igged-iitss eallfw ayisd eologiacnadlp loyl iticcoalnly humabne inignst hger iopfd ee(p ifd ebatacbolmen)i itmceonmtmsi,t ments
structeTdh.ii ss e xacttlhyec onclusrieoanc hreedl uctabnyR tolbye rPto st soc onstitouftt ihveeti hro ughatnsda ctiotnhsat th ecya nnohte lbpe ing
ina p iecien finimtoerley nuatnhcaetndh el ettheenr o ww ritAetst .h ee nd sinceFrrea.n klHiani maann dC ushiSntrgo u(tt woot hecro rrespondents)
ofa lonagn dr igoraonuasl ysPiossfi,tn dsb efohriem " thset artplrionpg coulndo tb em oreo fft hem arkw hent hebyr anmde cynicaanldo pportu
osititohnat th eb oundaroifpe usb ldiics coucrasnen boetfi xedi na neutral nistTihce.ya ssumIea mc ounselrienagd etross e ats idper inciipnfl aev or
fashio(n""T hCeo nstitutCioonncaelpo tfP ublDiics courOsuetr:a geous ofm otivtehsa atr em erelpyo litical,i nwf haecIrta e mac sh allenging that
OpinioDne,m ocraDteilci beraatnidHo un,s tvl.Fe arl weHlalr,v"a rd Law distincatnidco onu nseling (rtehcaeod uenrssie ssl u perflutooua sc)to n
Revi1e0w3n ,o .3 [Janu1a9ry9 06]8:3 ")T.h eu ltimfaatceot fi deological whatt hebye lietvobe e tr uea ndi mportaanntdn, o tt ob es tymibeyda
regulatihoean d,d"s ",c annboetb linkeIdn.d"e endo ts,i ncteh eu·l timate doctrtihnaeit sa to ncien coheraennd(t b ecauisnec oherae vneth)i cfloer
facitsa lstoh er oofatc itnt hsee nsteh aotn ec anngoetbt e hiintdo ra round coveprotl itics.
ita,n dt haitsw hyt hen exstt rategys-trtahtee ogfys ayin"gW,e llw,e Ing enertahlle,e ttwerri tiegrnso mrye c halletnotg hebe i naroinew sh ich
can'gte tb eyonodra round ideboultao tlg eya,ws et c anm akea g oodf aith theairrg uments daenpdte aknedt ,oc hidimneg f ofra iltionr ge spedcits
try"-won'wto rk eiItnhw ehra.tc learaenddi deologys-pfraecweei ltlh e tinctwihoonssle a cokf c ogenhcays b eean largpea rotf m y poinTth.u s,
" "
try bem ade?o nem usta ska,n di ft he ansiws(e arn idt m ustb eb y ProfesHsaoirm asno lemnilnyf ormmes t haatn o pemni ndi sn ott hes ame
Posto'wsn c onclustihoantt)h eriesn os ucchl earsepda cteh,e n otioofn asa ne mptoyn eb;u ti,nm y analysis-Pwrhoifcehs Hsaoirm ainso fc ourse
"tryingc"a nh avneo r eaclo nte(nOtn.a morel eisuorceclays Iiw oonu ld noto bligteoad c cebputti ss ureolbyl igteond o te-theayr teh es ameAn.
expantdh ipso initn taon a rgumefnotrt hee mptinoefsa sn yg estutrhea t opemni ndi sp resumaab mliyn dn otu ndulcyo mmittteoid t psr esent con
invokae rse gulaitdievael .) tentbsu,ta mind sos tructuroerd,r, a theurn,s tructurweodu,l lda cak
No sucthhi.n gas free.(n onideolocgoincsaltraliyn sepede)c hn;os. u ch thing frameworokri n-plbaaccek groiunnr de lattiowo hni cthh ew orld( botohf
asa publfiocr upmu rgeodfi deological·oprre exscsluurseiTsoh nast.m' ys actiaonnd s peecwho)u lbde i ntelliAg imbilneds. oo pent haittw asa n
thesainsd,w aitianttg h ee nd( reaaltlt yh eb eginnionfig t) aissm ,y re chorbedyn oa ssumptinoocn osn,v ictoifto hneks i ntdh aotr dearn ds tabi
spondehnatvses aidp,o litNioctsh,.o wevepro,l itaisthc es dirtwyo rdi t lizpee rceptwioounl,bd e a m indw ithoguets taanldtt herefore twhiet hout
becomiesnm osFti rAsmte ndmednits cussbiuotpn osl,i taiste hsea ttempt capacoiftk ye epianngy thiinnAg. c onsciounsontse hsosr uepda to nee nd
toi mplemesnotm ep artivsiasni oInp .l acteh ew ord" visioanf't'"e pra r bya beli(enfo atl waytsh es ameo new)h osnee gatiiotcn o ulndo tt hink
tisasno"a st of orestthaeull s uarle adionfgp artisaasn' 'unprincipled," woulbde a s ievIen.s horittw, o ulbde e mpty.
three adiPnogsa tt tributtome esw henh efi ndmse "writoinnt gh ae ssump- ProfessSotrro uvte ntuirnetsto h es ame( incohetreerrnitt)wo hreyn h e.
118 I TherNeo'S su cThh iansgF reSep eech TherNeo'S su cThh iansFg r eSep eeacnhId,t a'G so od TThoioIn 1 g1,9
takemse tot asfko r" confusitnogl erawtiitoehnn dorsianngd"" j ustify notb ef reien t hes ense reqtuhiairtse b,de ,u ninflebcytg eodv ernmental
ing"w it"hp uttiunpwg i th.T"h ei deias t haat poloifca yl lowihnagt e acti(otnh geo vernmeinstg ivetnh et asokf m anagitnhgem arketpalnadc e
speecdho enso tc onstiatpuptreo voafhl a tsep eecbhu ts hifttsh er esponsi thereftohreoe p portutnodi ettye rmiintecs o ntouTrhsi)n.ga sr eev ewno rse
biliftoyra pprovoirnd gi sapprotvoti hnefg r eceh oiocfef reien dividuals. att heo theern dt,h ee xiotrn o-exeintdI .f o urc ommitmetnotfr eedoomf
Butt hiisst oa ssumteh atth em achineorfdy e liberianti inodni vidiusa ls speeicshs os trong itot bhlaitg uessa, s H olmedse clarteots o,l erate "opin
purefloyrm aaln di s unaffbeyw chtaeitds o ri sn oti nt hceu ltuariarSl.u ch ion.s. . we . . b.e lietvobe e f raugwhitt dhe ath("ac haracterization
ana ssumptiisao bns olutely nteotc helesi sbaererypa ils temoslhoagrybe yd tharte cognitzheeas w fuclo nsequentoifsa pleietcayhn di mplicuintdleyr
my respondebnuttis ti, so net haItr ejebcetc ausaesI , h avaer gued else cutasn ys peech/action dtihsewtnei n acrtebi eoinna)gs, k etdo c ourotu r
wherteh,c eo nteoxfdt e liberiasct uilotnu (rraalt thhearfn o rmaolr g enetic), ownd estructfiootrnh es akoef a na bstractthiamotan y d oomu sr ather than
andb ecauistie sc ultutrhaleo, u tcomoefd elibercaatninohonet l bpe ing savues .T heraer er ealolnyl tyh reael ternateiivtehse:r Hdoolemnseo st
influenbcyewd h atevneort ioanrsec urrenitnt hec ultu(rMei.n dasr en ot meani ta,s i ss uggesbtyeh di si nstqaunatl ifica(t"iuonnl e.s s. a n.i m
freea,st hel iberal epistemolfoogrty h es iammperl eiaessot,nh atth ey mediacthee ciksr equitroes da vteh ceo untry")o,rh em eanistb utd oesn't
cannobteo penT.h)e f actth aDta viDdu kew asr udealnyd p rovocatively thintkh aotp inifornasu gwhitt dhe atcho uledv etrri umpihn a freem arket
questiobnyre edp ortoen"r Ssi xtMyi nuteosr"" Meetth eP ressw"a sl ess (iwnh iccha shee c ommihtism setloaf p rogresshievn iesimt haenra lyzes
importtahnattn h ef actth ahte w aso n" SixtMyi nuteasn"d " Meett he nord eclaroersh )e,m eanist a ndt hindkesa dloyp iniocnosu lidn,f act,
Press'i'nt hefi rsptl acfeo,tr h esaep pearalnecgeist imhiizmae ndd p uth is triumpbhu,ti ss ayisnogm ethliinkg"e q usee rsae,r a(,ais"tw ouladp pear
viewisn tnoa tional ciirnca u wlaaytt ihoamnta det hema nu navoidable hei si na latdeirs seGnit,t lvo.N we wY orkE)ac.ho ft hesree adionfg s
componeonftt h en atiotnh'isn kiTnogl.e ramtaiynb ge d ifferfernotme n what Holimste esl luisni gn A braamnsdG itliospw r oblemaatnidic ti, s
dorsifrnogm thep oinotf v iewo ft het olerawthoorc ,a nt hedni sclaim thep robleimnts h ep ositbioornno uto ft hestew od issetnhtahsta vbee en
responsifboitrlh ieet fyf eocftw sh ahte h asn ote ndorsbeudt,i, ft heef fects explorienmd y essaTyh.e r epltioet sh aets saays,f aars I c ans eed,o n ot
arer eaaln dc onsequenatsIi ru:g aule, t heayr et,h ed iffermeanycb ee c old addrethsoss ep roblebmustc ontinsuiem ptloyre hearthseep ietimeys a nalysis
comfort. troubleKse.e p thosea ncdla ertdtsce ormsi ng.
Iti so,f c ourseeff,e cthtastth el ibeerpails temoalsor geyp,r esebnyta e d
strofnrge e-sppeoesciht icoann,n toatk ien taoc couonrtc ,a nt akien taoc
counotn layt t heo utelri miotfsp ublsiacf e(t"yc leaanrdi mminednatn
ger,""i ncitetmoev nito lencIeti" s)t,.h erefpoerref,e catpftlo yPr r ofessor
Haimatnoc itHeo lmesd'iss siennA tb ramfsotr,h afta mouosp iniaoton n ce
concissetlaytt ehsem odemF irAsmte ndmepnots itainodni llustrwahtaets
Ic onsitdoeb re i tdsi fficultiifne osti, t cso ntradsi.cH toilomnebse gibnys
acknowledtghietn rgu tbha sitcom y argumeinttm :a kes pesrefnescteto
desitrhees ilencoifbn egl iienfism itcoay lo urbse,c auisfye o ud idn ot so
desirietw, o ulbde a ni ndicatthiaotn dyiodnu o tb elieivne yobuerl iefs.
Butt heHno lmetsa kenso toef t hef actth aotn e'bse lieafrses ubjetcot
changaen,dc ometso t hsek eptical concsliunsthcieeoc no utrhosafetc hange
isu npredictiatwb oluelb,de u nwisteoi nstitutiboenlailweiefzm sea yn ot
holadt a latdeart ien;s tewaeds ,h oulleda vteh ew inonwinpgr ocetsots h e
marketploafci ed eausn regulbaytt erda nspioelnitt ·pi rceaslsures.
Thisso undfisn e( evepna triotibcu)ti, t r unasf o·uolfp robleamtbs o th
endsT.h e" entryp"r obliesmt hoen eI h avael reaiddye ntiifinme yd r eply
toP rofesPsoosrtt :h em arketploafci ed e-.a.,-tshep rotecftoerduo mf p ublic
discourseb-ews itlrlu ctbuyrt ehdes amep olitciocnasli deraittwi aosn s
desigtneohd o ladt b aya;n dt hereftohrewe o,r kinogfts h mea rketpwlialcle
