Fish for Life: Interactive Governance for Fisheries (Amsterdam University Press - MARE Publication Series)

428 Pages·2005·2.22 MB·English

by  Jan Kooiman

2 MARE PUBLICATION SERIES 3
This collection of essays is about tourism and social, political, and economic relations in coastal J
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locations in various parts of the world. The starting point of each chapter is the ethnographic
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study of one particular place. However, the authors are also concerned with wider regional, o
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national, and global forces which shape and influence the local economies and societies under
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review. Although most of the essays focus on the European coastline, the book is intended to have
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implications for other geographical areas. d
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Jeremy Boissevain is Emeritus
In most parts of the world, coastal settlements and contexts are changing rapidly and markedly.
Professor of Social Anthropology
These contexts are routinely characterised by conflict between different interest groups contesting
the ownership and control of the foreshore and its resources. One of the threads running through at the University of Amsterdam.
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the volume is that coastal regions are often sites of fishing and related ‘traditional’ activities. i
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The chapters discuss the relationships between traditional stakeholders, such as fishermen and
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o Edited by
local residents, and new stakeholders including new residents, second-home owners, tourists
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and tourism property developers, and fish farm managers as they vie for status, influence, and Jan Kooiman
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ultimately for space on the foreshore. i
f Maarten Bavinck
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The underlying preoccupation of the volume as a whole is the extent of penetration and Svein Jentoft
transformation resulting from the onward march of capitalism and the market system in the coastal
Roger Pullin
Tom Selwyn is Professor
locations studied.
of Anthropology at London
MARE is an interdisciplinary Jeremy Boissevain is Emeritus Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Amsterdam. Metropolitan University.
social science centre affiliated Tom Selwyn is Professor of Anthropology at London Metropolitan University.
with the University of Amsterdam
Fish for Life
and Wageningen University in the
Netherlands. MAREs’ mandate is
to generate innovative, policy-
3
relevant, research on marine and
ISBN 90 5356 694 5 Interactive Governance for
coastal issues that is applicable to
both North and South. Its numerous Fisheries
activities include the bi-annual
People and the Sea conferences
and the maritime studies journal
MAST. www.aup.nl
A         U          P     A         U          P    
www.marecentre.nl
FISHFORLIFE
MARE PUBLICATION SERIES
MARE is an interdisciplinary social-science institute studying the use and
management of marine resources. It was established in 2000 by the Uni-
versityofAmsterdamandWageningenUniversityintheNetherlands.
MARE’s mandate is to generate innovative, policy-relevant research on
marine and coastal issues that is applicable to both North and South. Its
programmeisguidedbyfourcorethemes:fisheriesgovernance,maritime
work worlds, integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), and maritime
risk.
In addition to the publication series, MARE organises conferences and
workshops and publishes a social-science journal called Maritime Studies
(MAST).VisittheMAREwebsiteathttp://www.marecentre.nl.
Series Editors
SveinJentoft,UniversityofTromsø,Norway
MaartenBavinck,UniversityofAmsterdam,theNetherlands
Previously Published
LeontineE.Visser(ed.),ChallengingCoasts.TransdisciplinaryExcursionsinto
IntegratedCoastalZoneDevelopment,2004(isbn9053566821)
JeremyBoissevainandTomSelwyn(eds.),ContestingtheForeshore.Tourism,
Society,andPoliticsontheCoast,2004(isbn9053566945)
Fish for Life
Interactive Governance for Fisheries
Edited by Jan Kooiman, Maarten Bavinck,
Svein Jentoft and Roger Pullin
MARE Publication Series No. 3
Amsterdam University Press
Coverillustration:SteefMeyknecht
Coverdesign:SabineMannel/nap,Amsterdam
Lay-out:japes,Amsterdam
isbn9053566864
nur741
©AmsterdamUniversityPress,Amsterdam2005
Allrightsreserved.Withoutlimitingtherightsundercopyrightreservedabove,no
partofthisbookmaybereproduced,storedinorintroducedintoaretrievalsystem,
ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans(electronic,mechanical,photocopying,
recordingorotherwise)withoutthewrittenpermissionofboththecopyrightowner
andtheauthorofthebook.
Contents
Preface 7
PARTI
GOVERNANCE:ANEWPERSPECTIVEFORFISHERIES
1 TheGovernancePerspective 11
JanKooimanandMaartenBavinck
2 ChallengesandConcernsinCaptureFisheriesandAquaculture 25
RatanaChuenpagdee,PoulDegnbol,MaartenBavinck,Svein
Jentoft,DerekJohnson,RogerPullin,andStellaWilliams
PARTII
THESYSTEMTOBEGOVERNED
Introduction 41
AndyThorpe,DerekJohnson,andMaartenBavinck
3 AquaticEcologies 45
MichelKulbicki
4 FishCapture 71
DerekJohnson,MaartenBavinck,andJoeliVeitayaki
5 Aquaculture 93
RogerPullinandU.RashidSumaila
6 ThePost-HarvestChain 109
AndyThorpe,StellaWilliams,andJacquesvanZyl
7 LinksintheFishChain 133
DerekJohnson,AndyThorpe,MaartenBavinck,andMichel
Kulbicki
PARTIII
INSTITUTIONSFORFISHERIESGOVERNANCE
Introduction 147
SveinJentoft
5
8 LocalInstitutions 153
JoséJ.Pascual-Fernández,KatiaFrangoudes,andStellaWilliams
9 NationalInstitutions 173
SveinJentoft,JanKooiman,andRatanaChuenpagdee
10 InternationalInstitutions 197
JuanL.SuárezdeVivero,JuanC.RodríguezMateos,and
DavidFloridodelCorral
11 InstitutionalLinkages 217
JoséJ.Pascual-Fernández,SveinJentoft,JanKooiman,andAbbie
Trinidad
PARTIV
PRINCIPLESFORFISHERIESGOVERNANCE
Introduction 241
JanKooiman
12 CurrentPrinciples 245
MaartenBavinckandRatanaChuenpagdee
13 Meta-Principles 265
JanKooiman,SveinJentoft,MaartenBavinck,
RatanaChuenpagdee,andU.RashidSumaila
14 HardChoicesandValues 285
JanKooimanandSveinJentoft
PARTV
PROSPECTSFORFISHERIESGOVERNANCE
15 ChallengesandConcernsRevisited 303
MaartenBavinck,RatanaChuenpagdee,PoulDegnbol,and
JoséJ.Pascual-Fernández
16 GovernanceandGovernability 325
JanKooimanandRatanaChuenpagdee
17 GovernanceinAction 351
RobinMahon,MaartenBavinck,andRathindraNathRoy
References 375
ListofContributors 419
Index 423
6 Contents
Preface
Thisvolumeonfisheriesgovernanceistheresultofcollaborationbetween
academics and practitioners from around the world. For over three years,
thirty fisheries professionals from a wide variety of disciplinary back-
grounds shared their experiences, ideas and concerns, and gathered to-
gether at regular intervals to develop what they felt was a new approach to
the problems and opportunities that beset fisheries and aquaculture. This
endeavourwasgenerouslysupportedbytheEuropeanCommissionbyway
ofitsprogrammefordevelopmentcooperation(INCODEV,projectnumber
ICA4-CT-2001-10038).
The FISHGOVFOOD network,as itcame tobe known,was particularly
concerned with the situation of countries in the South. Not only are sub-
stantialpartsoftheirpopulationsdependentoncapturefisheriesandaqua-
culture for a living, fish also play an important role in their food security.
While recognising the special status of fisheries in the South, the network
also took care to emphasise basic similarities in the workings of the ‘fish
chain’ in North and South, and in the governance of fisheries, in various
geographicalregions.
Basingitselfonanunderstandingofdevelopmentsinthefisheriesfield,
the network’s source of intellectual inspiration lay elsewhere. One of the
newly elaboratedperspectives in governance theory–known as interactive
governance – appeared particularly relevant. First, its two points of depar-
ture – the increasing diversity, complexity, dynamics and differences of
scaleamongthefisheriessystems-to-be-governed,andthenotionthatgov-
ernance is not a task of government alone – matched with the network
members’ understanding of developments in fisheries. More fundamen-
tally,however,theyfeltthatinteractivegovernancetheoryprovidedanalter-
native framework for understanding the current state of affairs, and the
newdirectionsthatcouldbeexplored.
Oneoftheconditionsformakingaconceptualadvanceistheintegration
ofsocial,economic,andecologicalinsightsandthebridgingofdisciplinary
gaps.ThisrequiresapropensityforwhatWilson(1998:8)hascalledconsi-
lience,‘a“jumpingtogether”ofknowledgebythelinkingoffactsandfact-
basedtheoryacrossdisciplinestocreateacommongroundworkofexplana-
tion’. One of the fact-based concepts utilized by the FISHGOVFOOD net-
workforthispurposeisthe‘fishchain’.
Sensitivity for what Aristotle in his discourse on ethics described as the
‘phronetic’ (value-based) approach to knowledge, in contrast to ‘episteme’
(scientific),and‘techne’(craft)approaches,isanotherconditionformaking
7
a conceptual advance (see Flyvbjerg 2001). According to this viewpoint,
principles and values cannot be disconnected from governance practice,
and must be brought out into the open. In phronetic discourse, one asks
questionslike:Wherearewegoing?Isthisdesirable?And,whatshouldbe
done?Interactivegovernancetheoryfollowsasimilarroutebyhighlighting
theimportanceofarticulatedprinciplesandvalues.
This,inbrief,wasthenetwork’scompassattheinceptionoftheproject.
Theexplorationsthatfollowed,whicharechronicledinthisbook,werene-
cessarily intense. The network devised the book's chapter outline after in-
tensivemeetingsanddiscussionsinAmsterdamandDakar.Chapterswere
subsequently drafted through substantial collaboration among network
members, and were rewritten many times over, as the overall framework
developed and chapters were tuned to comprise the whole volume. The
result stands somewhere between an academic monograph and a multi-
author, edited volume on the topic in question. While various author
groupsholdresponsibilityfortheirrespectivechapters,andthesechapters
canalsobereadindependently,thebookismeanttobeacompositewhole.
Accordingly,each chapterexercisesafunctionin thelargerargument,and
chaptersshould,ideally,bereadinsequence.
Thisacademicvolumeisaccompaniedbyapolicyworkbookonthesame
topicentitledInteractiveGovernanceforFisheries–aGuidetoBetterPrac-
tice, which summarizes the findings of this volume and explores avenues
tostrengthenexistinggovernancepractices.Moreinformationonthispol-
icyworkbookisavailableatthefollowingwebsite:www.marecentre.nl.The
reader isalsoalertedto thecontinuing existenceofaninteractive fisheries
governancenetwork,whichcanbecontactedatwww.fishgovnet.org.
Manyindividualsandorganisationshavecontributedtotherealisationof
thisvolume.SISWO/InstituteforSocialPolicyandtheCentreforMaritime
Research(MARE)hostedtheprojectandprovidedessentialfacilities.From
Brussels, Cornelia Nauen provided constant encouragement and advice.
Maarten Bavinck coordinated the project, receiving assistance at various
stages from Marja Harms, Marloes Kraan, Iris Monnereau, and Jeroen
Dijk.PeterdeKroondesignedthefigures.SheilaGogolandAnnHolleman
are responsible for the English language editing. Finally, we thank two
anonymous referees for their comments, and Vanessa Nijweide and Jaap
Wagenaar of Amsterdam University Press (AUP)for their care in publish-
ingthemanuscript.
TheEditors
8 Preface
Part i
Governance:
A new Perspective for Fisheries